Thiel Soft-Embalmed Cadavers and · PDF fileThiel Soft-Embalmed Cadavers and Ultrasonography Noel T. Boaz, ... Soft embalming ... Embalming Fluid
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Thiel Soft-Embalmed Cadavers and Ultrasonography
Noel T. Boaz, Ph.D., M.D.
Integrative Centers for Science and Medicine
Virginia Commonwealth University
The Thiel Method
Soft embalming (Thiel, W. Annals of Anatomy(1992) 174:185-195; (2002) 184:267-269) is a technique which relies on a mixture of salt compounds and very low amounts of volatile formaldehyde and formalin to effect fixation of tissue with a number of unique properties.
Thiel Method
Canula is set in superiorsagittal sinus for infusion
of 3 liters of Intestine FormulaInfusion pressure is 0.2- 0.4 bar
With body on the right side, dissect external iliac artery and place two canulae in the artery
Precise mixing of the “wet-salz” chemicals
Cadavers preserved with the ThielMethod have
• no detectable odor• a lifelike flexibility of body parts• excellent color preservation of muscle, viscera, and vasculature• superior antimicrobial preservation properties.
Chemicals Used
• Ethylene glycol• Ammonium nitrate• Potassium nitrate• Boric acid• 4-chloro 3-methyl
phenol• Sodium sulphite• Morpholine• Formalin• Ethyl alcohol
Accurate Measurement of Chemical Constituents by Weight
• Solids (ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium sulphite, boric acid, and phenol) are measured out by weight to be added to solution
• Here sodium sulphite is weighed for the embalming solution
Accurate Measurement of Chemical Constituents by Volume
• Liquids (ethylene glycol, water, morpholine, formalin, and ethyl alcohol) are measured out by volume in a graduated cylinder to be added to solution
• Stem Solution A is made of accurately measured amounts of boric acid, ethylene glycol, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and water
• Stem Solution B is made of accurately measured amounts of ethlylene glycol and 4-chloro 3-methyl phenol
Mixing Stem Solution A
• Dissolving the salts in water and ethylene glycol to make Stem Solution A
• 44.4 liters of Stem Solution A were made
Addition of Stem Solution B
• 8.8 liters of Stem Solution B were made from ethlyleneglycol and 4-chloro 3-methyl phenol
Mixed Embalming Solution is Added to Embalming Machine
• Measured amounts of Stem Solution A and Stem Solution B were mixed with
• Measured amounts of sodium suphite, morpholine, formalin, and ethyl alcohol to yield
• 15.75 liters of Embalming Solution
Cadaver is Prepared for Injection of Embalming Fluid
Single Port Made in Right Common Carotid Artery
Exit of Fluid Via Right Internal Jugular Vein
Injection and Gravity Feed of Embalming Solution
• Embalming solution injected under pressure of 15 psi
• Embalming was completed overnight by gravity feed
Body Perfused with Fluid
Some “Burning” of Tissues Noted
• Areas of brownish discoloration in malar areas (“burning”) noted due to interaction of tissues with embalming fluids
Superficial Epidermal Desquamation and Bulla Formation
Desquamation occurs between stratum corneumand “stratum malpighii”
Didactic Advantages of Soft Embalming
• Because of the more lifelike texture and color of structures students’ dissections are of high quality, improving learning in the laboratory.
• Appreciating the actions of muscles at joints, especially in the extremities, is facilitated by the flexibility of the cadaver.
• Soft-embalmed cadavers offer advantages over unembalmed cadavers or simulators in teaching clinical procedures, such as intubation, lumbar puncture, central line placement, thoracocentesis, and surgery.
• The flexibility of the peritoneal membrane and internal viscera allows soft-embalmed cadavers to be especially useful in teaching laparoscopic surgical anatomy.
Thiel-Embalming Allows Excellent Visualization of Anatomical Structures Via Ultrasonography
Ultrasound imaging of the left carpal tunnel in a Thiel-embalmed elderly female
Visualization of the Carpal Tunnel in a Thiel-Embalmed Cadaver
Visualization of the Renal Pelvis in a Thiel-Embalmed Cadaver
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