Transcript
The simple sentenceGroup 1: Vu Thi Thanh Xuan
Tran Thi Linh Duong Thanh Mai
Dang Thi Ngoc Nguyen Thi Mai
Definition• Sentence is a complete unit of meaning.• A simple sentence consists of one clause often
with a “subject” and a “predicate”.• The subject is what the sentence is about, and
the predicate is a comment about the subject.• E.g.: The boy washed clothes.
Subject Predicate He is an English teacher.Subject Predicate
Presenter: Duong Thanh Mai
Presenter: Duong Thanh Mai
Syntactic features of 5 sentence elements
1. Subject2. Verb3. Compliment4. Object5. Adverbial
Presenter: Tran Thi Linh
element expression position identityS Noun phrase/
nominal clause+ before Verb phrase+ after operator in
+ number 2 person + concord with Verb phrase
V Verb phrase( S form)
after S + concord with S+ intensive relationship to C/A
C Noun phrase, adj prep, nominal clause
+ after verb phrase+ after clause
+ co-referential with S, O
O Noun phrase, nominal clause
+after VP + concord with S,V,C+S in passivization
A Adv Prep, A Clause, NP, Prep P
+ mebile +most optional+ obligatory in SVA, SVOA
Syntactic Features of Sentence Elements
Seven Sentence Patterns:• SV: He is sitting.• SVC: Marry is a nurse.• SVA: Tom is in the house.• SVO: I love you.• SVOC: He made her happy.• SVOO: He gave me a rose.• SVOA: He put it on the table.
Presenter: Duong Thanh Mai
1.Agentive (most typical)2.Instrumental3.Affected4.Recipient5.Locative6.Temporal7.Eventive8.Empty “It”
Semantic roles of SUBJECT
Agentive Subject
• Animate being instigat-ing or causing the happening denoted by the verb.
• For example:John opened the door
Agentive Subject
Presenter: Dang Thi Ngoc
Instrumental Subject
• Inanimate or unwitting being causing the happening.
• For example: The key opened the
door
Instrumental Subject
Affected Subject
One being affected by the event
The door opened.
Intransitive verbs: E.g: Jack fell down Intensive verbs: E.g: The pen is lying on the
table
Presenter: Dang Thi Ngoc
Recipient Subject
One that receives the happening
John has a beautiful wife.
This role of subject is found with such verbs as have, own, possess, benefit (from)…
Perceptual verbs See, Hear require a recipient subject. Verbs Taste, Smell, Feel have both an agentive meaning and a recipient meaning.
Verbs indicating cognition or emotion may also require a recipient subject. E.g:I liked the play (The play gave me pleasure)
Locative Subject Temporal Subject
• One that denotes time.
• For example:Tomorrow is my birthday
= It’s my birthday tomorrow.
• One that denotes location.
• For example:The bus holds forty people
= Forty people can sit in the bus
Eventive Subject
• One that denotes events
• For example:The meeting ended successfully.
Empty “IT” Subject
• One that lacks semantic content.
• For example:It is sunny and hot.
Semantic roles of OBJECT
DIRECT OBJECT1. Affected Direct Object2. Locative Direct Object3. Effected Direct Object
INDIRECT OBJECT1. Recipient Indirect Object2. Affected Indirect Object
Affected direct object
A participant which does not cause the happening denoted by the verb
but is directly involved in some other way
E.g.: Many people criticized John.Presenter: Vu Thi Thanh Xuan
Locative direct object
One that shows location and is oftenfound after such verbs as turn, leave, reach, cross, surround, penetrate, climb ...
E.g.: They climbed the mountain.
Effected direct object
1. Object that exists only by virtue of the activity indicated by the verb
E.g.: I am writing a letter.
Bin invented television.
2. Object that repeats partially or the whole meaning of the verb
E.g.: Mary sang a song.
We fought a good fight.
Effected direct object
3. Object that takes the form of a verbal noun following a common
verb of general meaning
E.g.: He did little work that day.
The prisoner made no
comment.Presenter: Vu Thi Thanh Xuan
Have, do, make, take, give, ....
Recipient indirect object
An animate participant being passivelyimplicated by the happening or state
E.g.: My parents gave me some money.
= I was given some money by my
parents.
Presenter: Vu Thi Thanh Xuan
Affected indirect object
• An animate or inanimate participant that is affected by the action of the Verb.
• For example:I gave the ball a kick = I kicked the ball.
affected Oi effected Od affected OdI paid her a visit = I visited her.
affected Oi effected Od affected Od
Presenter: Vu Thi Thanh Xuan
1. Current attribute2. Resulting
attribute
Presenter: Nguyen Thi Mai
Semantic roles of COMPLEMENT
• A current attribute denotes an already existing characteristic.E.g.: My father was a teacher.
Subject Complement We found her attractive.
Object Complement
Presenter: Nguyen Thi Mai
Semantic roles of COMPLEMENT
• A resulting attribute denotes a characteristic that comes about because of the event reported in the sentence.E.g.: He became a teacher in 1965.
Subject Complement Her new dress made her attractive.
Object Complement Presenter: Nguyen Thi Mai
Semantic roles of COMPLEMENT
Memorable Conclusion
• A simple sentence consists of one clause often with a “subject” and a “predicate”.
• Syntactic features of 5 sentence elements.• Semantic functions of simple sentence elements: Agentive/Instrumental
AffectedSubject Recipient
LocativeTemporalEventive
Empty “It”
Memorable Conclusion
AffectedDirect Object Effected
Object LocativeIndirect Object Recipient
Affected
Current AttributiveComplement
Resulting Attributive
Exercise 1: Indicate whether the underlined element is:S agentive S instrumental S affected S recipient O affected O recipient O effected O locative C current C resulting
1. The bell rang loudly. S affected2. I heard it ring, too. S recipient3. You have got brains. S recipient4. Use your brains. Od affected
5. Who owns this hat? S recipient6. They left the house empty. Co resulting 7. We found this house empty. Co current8. We laid him on the sofa. Od affected
Exercise 1:
9. We made him some tea. Oi recipient10. We have fought a good fight. Od effected 11. I climbed the hill as light fell short. Od locative12. Who is making that noise? Od effected13. Has anyone touched the television today? Od affected
Exercise 2: Make 5 sentences with current/resulting complement.
• Current meaning:1.He’s a student.2.He thought John a fool.3.He looks handsome.4. It’s hot.5. I’m feeling good now.
Exercise 2: Make 5 sentences with current/resulting complement.
• Resulting meaning:1.The leaves turned yellow.2.He named John a fool.3. It’s getting hot.4. I became a teacher.5.The rose is growing up.
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