THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE EMERGING AFRICAN UNIVERSITY

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THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE EMERGING TECHNOLOGY IN THE EMERGING

AFRICAN UNIVERSITYAFRICAN UNIVERSITY

Sibry TAPSOBA (Ph.D)

Manager – Education, Science and Technology Division

African Development Bank

University Leaders ForumAccra (Ghana) – 24 November 2008

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Functions of the University: Model of the Functions of the University: Model of the Emerging African UniversityEmerging African University

RESEARCH – Science, Technology and Innovation

(Technology Catch-Up)

ECONOMIC GROWTH – Capital Flow (Link with

Productive Sectors of the Economy)

SERVICE – Application of Research (Social Development)

TEACHING – Skills Development (Education

and Training)

Institutions (MNCs, Govt., Markets, Dev. Agencies, Civil Society, etc.)

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Functions of the University (1)Functions of the University (1)

TEACHING – Skills Development (Education

and Training): The world has evolved, but teaching in the African University

has remained “immaculate”

Institutions (MNCs, Govt., Markets, Dev. Agencies, Civil Society, etc.)

RESEARCH – Science, Technology and Innovation

(Technology Catch-Up)

SERVICE – Application of Research (Social Development)

ECONOMIC GROWTH – Capital Flow (Link with

Productive Sectors of the Economy)

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Functions of the University (2)Functions of the University (2)

Institutions (MNCs, Govt., Markets, Dev. Agencies, Civil Society, etc.)

RESEARCH – Science, Technology and Innovation (Technology Catch-Up):

Transforming Raw Commodity/Natural Resources from a “Curse to a Blessing”

TEACHING – Skills Development (Education

and Training)

SERVICE – Application of Research (Social Development)

ECONOMIC GROWTH – Capital Flow (Link with

Productive Sectors of the Economy)

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R&DR&D

SSA 48

North Africa 160

Latin America 261

Brazil 168

India 158

China 459

USA 4,103

Researchers per Million population

Source: World Bank, 2008

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R&D Financed by Enterprises ($ per capita)R&D Financed by Enterprises ($ per capita)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

EA 1

EA 2

S A

sia

LAC

SSA 1

SSA 2

MEN

A

1985

1998

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Indu

stria

lized

Deve

lopi

ng19851998

Source: Sanjaya (2006)

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Agriculture TechnologiesAgriculture Technologies

How can we compete in the Global Market with these tools? Research & Innovation are Key in all Development Sectors

Burkina FasoUSA

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Skills, Measured by Tertiary Technical Enrolments Skills, Measured by Tertiary Technical Enrolments (per 1000 people)(per 1000 people)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8In

dust

rialize

d

E A

sia 1

E A

sia 2

LAC

S A

sia

SSA

MEN

A

1985

1998

Source: Sanjaya, 2006

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Changing shares of global Changing shares of global manufacturing value added (MVA) manufacturing value added (MVA)

1980-2000 (%) 1980-2000 (%)

-1

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

E Asia S. Asia LAC MENA SSA

1980 1990 2000

Source: Sanjaya, 2006

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Functions of the University (3)Functions of the University (3)

Institutions (MNCs, Govt., Markets, Dev. Agencies, Civil Society, etc.)

RESEARCH – Science, Technology and Innovation

(Technology Catch-Up)

TEACHING – Skills Development (Education

and Training)

SERVICE – Application of Research (Social Development): Daily Life Solutions

ECONOMIC GROWTH – Capital Flow (Link with

Productive Sectors of the Economy)

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Role of hi-tech products is more evident in the 50 fastest Role of hi-tech products is more evident in the 50 fastest growing exports over 1990-2000 (% shares)growing exports over 1990-2000 (% shares)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Primary Resource based Low technology Medium technology High technology

1990

2000

Source: Sanjaya, 2006

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Developed World

Africa

Foreign Aid Received

4 billon US $ in Technical

Assistance + Brain Drain in Science and

Technology

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Institutions (MNCs, Govt., Markets, Dev. Agencies, Civil Society, etc.)

Functions of the University (4)Functions of the University (4)RESEARCH – Science,

Technology and Innovation (Technology Catch-Up)

TEACHING – Skills Development (Education

and Training)

SERVICE – Application of Research (Social Development)

ECONOMIC GROWTH – Capital Flow (Link with the Productive Sectors of the Economy): Resources to

reduce Poverty

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The Growth EvidenceThe Growth Evidence

Years1960 2005

Growth

Growth due mainly to Investment in Human Capital, Science and Technology Development

Growth due mainly to Exploitation of Raw Materials and Natural Resources

Ghana per capita

Korea per capita

$150

$16,291 (est. at $24,600 in 2007)

$512 (est. at $1,400 in 2007)

$100

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Developing world FDI distribution Developing world FDI distribution Regional distribution of FDI inflows

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

E Asia 1

E Asia 2

S Asia

LAC

SSA

MENA

1993-7

1981-4

10 COUNTRIES GET 80% OF FDI IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD: AND THEIR SHARE IS RISING OVER TIME

LARGE PART OF RECENT FDI, PARTICULARLY IN LAC, IS NOT IN MANUFACTURING OR EXPORT-ORIENTED ACTIVITIES: THE MAJOR EXCEPTION IS MEXICO

Source: Sanjaya, 2006

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FDI as % gross domestic investment FDI as % gross domestic investment

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Sing

apor

e

Chin

a

Malay

sia

H Ko

ng

Philip

pine

s

Indo

nesia

Thail

and

Taiw

an

Kore

a

Indi

a

1980-85

1994-97

Source: Sanjaya, 2006

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ADB PerspectiveADB Perspective

AfDB High Level Panel recommendations

Skills development as a key priority area

HEST Strategy

Centres of Excellence

Infrastructure

Linkages with Productive Sectors

Studies in Skills Mapping

Building the Knowledge Base of the Institution

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I ThankI Thank youyou !!! !!!

s.tapsoba@afdb.org