The Phenological network of Catalonia: a historical ...static-m.meteo.cat/wordpressweb/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/... · Democracy (SMC) 1921 phenological Spain Montserrat Busto,
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Democracy
Montserrat Busto, Jordi Cunillera and Xavier de Yzaguirre
Generalitat de Catalunya
Departament de Territori i Sostenibilitat
The Phenological network of Catalonia: a historical perspective
Area of Climatology, Meteorological Service of Catalonia (SMC, @meteocat )
mbusto@meteo.cat
Barcelona
Catalonia is located
NE of the Iberian
peninsula and NW
of the Mediterranean
basin.
Area = 32.000 km2 Population = 7.5 million
1920 2017 2010 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Meteorological Service of Catalonia
(SMC)
1921-1939
Francoism
1939-1975
Meteorology in Catalonia is developed by the Spanish Meteorological Service
Meteorological Service
of Catalonia
1996 - present
Phenological
Network of
Catalonia 1932-1939
1977
1st democratic
elections
1975
The death of Franco
2004-2008
COST ACTION 725
1936-1939
Spanish civil war
“Republicans” (legal
government) against
“Nationals” (Francoists)
Bibliography De Cara García, J. A. (2006): Phenological observations at the Spanish Meteorological Service (INM): a brief history and present status (a chapter of Nekovar, J., Koch, E., Kubin, E., Nejedlik, P., Sparks, T., Wielgolaski, F. E. (2008): The history and current status of plant phenology in Europe. Brussels, COST, 182pp. ISBN: 9789514020919)
De Cara García, J. A., Mestre Barceló, A. (2006): La observación fenológica en agrometeorología y climatología. RAM, Revista del aficionado a la meteorología, Noviembre 2006.
Denny, E. G., Gerst, K. L., Miller-Rushing, A. J., Tierney, G. L., Crimmins, T. M., Enquist, C. A., ... & Weltzin, J. F. (2014). Standardized phenology monitoring methods to track plant and animal activity for science and resource management applications. International journal of biometeorology, 58(4), 591-601.
Fontserè, E., Capmany, M. (1936): Primers resutats de conjunt de les observacions fenològiques a Catalunya. Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya (1932-1935), Notes d’Estudi núm. 63.
Koch, E., Dittmann, E., Lipa, W., Menzel, A., Necovar, J., & Vanvli-eth, A. J. H. (2006): Establishing a European phenological data platform for climatological applications. 9. oesterreichischer Klimatag. Klima, Klimawandel und Auswirkungen, 16, 17-27.
Koch, E., Bruns, E., Chmielewski, F. M., Defila, C., Lipa, W., & Menzel, A. (2007): Guidelines for plant phenological observations. World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme.
Menzel, A., Sparks, T. H., Estrella, N., Koch, E., Aasa, A., Ahas, R., ... & Chmielewski, F. M. (2006). European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern. Global change biology, 12(10), 1969-1976.
Sparks, T. H., Menzel, A., Stenseth, N. C. (2009): European cooperation in plant phenology. Climate Research, 39(3), 175-177.
2008 - present
PEP 725 project
Spanish phenological net in 2002.
There were 10 observers in
Catalonia (De Cara et al. 2006).
1896
Agricultural Provincial
School in Barcelona
creates the 1st
phenological network in
Spain (1896-1906)
1906
. . .
Dr. Fontserè,
SMC director
1939
SMC shut down
Phenology study by SMC
(Fontserè et al. 1936).
Phenology is coordinated from Spain (1942-present) ····························································································································································
Phenological
Network of
Catalonia-Fenocat
2013 - present
The study First
results of the
phenological
observations in
Catalonia was
published in 1936
Spatial distribution of 53 FENOCAT current
observation points (April 2017).
Before 2013 Phenology coordinated from Spain
After 2013 Creation of Fenocat
Currently there are 53 observers monitoring
25 plants, 14 birds and 6 butterflies.
Current PEP725 stations
in the SW of Europe.
2- Uses BBCH international codification BBCH scale is used broadly in monitoring natural systems across Europe (Meier 2001; Koch et al. 2007), and
more recently in USA (Schwartz et al. 2013).
4- Forms part of Pan European Phenology Database (PEP725 project) This phenology network aims to be useful to science. Therefore, since the beginning, the net has sent their
recorded data to the Pan European Phenology Database (PEP725).
3- An example of citizen science
The observers choose the species and phenophases to observe and monitor them at least twice a week (in the
case of birds and butterflies, they pick a suitable location and observe the presence or absence of the species).
They carry out a periodic assessment of the “status” of the phenophase for an organism, rather than simply
recording the date of an “event” (Denny et al. 2014).
1- Records the onset and the duration of the phenophases
FENOCAT MAIN FEATURES
All the observers are volunteer citizens with very different backgrounds and interests, but all of them are
committed to phenology and meteorology.
The Meteorological Service of Catalonia
(SMC) began the systematic phenological
observations in 1932.
44 observers registered the phenophases of
45 plants, the first or last sighting of 6 birds
and the first sighting of one butterfly.
The SMC worked against the fascist military uprising
during the Spanish Civil War. Therefore, once the war
was finished, the SMC was quickly closed by the
Franco dictatorship.
The reintroduction of democracy and the
return of the Catalan self-government
structures (1977) allowed the re-
foundation of the SMC in 1996.
The Climatology Department needed phenological data to
complement the study of climatic indicators and realized the
fragile situation of phenology observations in Catalonia, with
few operational series.
There were 10 observers in 2002.
PEP725 stations in 2012. There were
two Catalonian series (Cardedeu and
Rocallaura), both abandoned in the
early 20th century.
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