The Nature of Science Chap. 1 Earth Science 1.1 Methods of Science 1.2 Communicating in Science 1.3.

The Nature of ScienceThe Nature of ScienceChap. 1Chap. 1Chap. 1Chap. 1

Earth Science 1.1

Methods of Science 1.2

Communicating in Science 1.3

Earth Science – 1.1

ObjectivesObjectives• differentiate among four major branches of E.S.• Contrast four systems of Earth• Discuss how Earth science affects your daily life.

What is science?

What is science?Acquiring knowledge about the

natural world through observation and experimentation

BiologyStudy of living organisms

Zoology

ZoologyStudy of animals

Hydrology

HydrologyStudy of water

Vulcanology

VulcanologyStudy of volcanoes

Geology

Geology Study of Earth and its composition

Archeology

ArcheologyStudy of old things

Ichthiology

IchthiologyStudy of fish

Hippology

HippologyStudy of horses

Conchology

ConchologyStudy of shells

Speleology

SpeleologyStudy of caves

I.I. Major Sciences of ESMajor Sciences of ES

I.I. Major Sciences of ESMajor Sciences of ES

Study of objects beyond our Earth’s atmosphereStudy of objects beyond our Earth’s atmosphere

A.A. AstronomyAstronomy

Cartwheel galaxyCartwheel galaxy

www.nasa.govwww.nasa.gov

I.I. Major Sciences of ESMajor Sciences of ES

The study of air the The study of air the

surrounds Earth (and it’s affect on weather)surrounds Earth (and it’s affect on weather)

A.A. AstronomyAstronomy

B.B. MeteorologyMeteorology

www.noaa.govwww.noaa.gov

I.I. Major Sciences of ESMajor Sciences of ES

Study of materials that make of the EarthStudy of materials that make of the Earth

A.A. AstronomyAstronomy

B.B. MeteorologyMeteorology

C.C. GeologyGeology

I.I. Major Sciences of ESMajor Sciences of ES

Study of the Earth’s oceansStudy of the Earth’s oceans

A.A. AstronomyAstronomy

B.B. MeteorologyMeteorology

C.C. GeologyGeology

D.D. OceanographyOceanography

II.II. Main Earth SystemsMain Earth Systems

II.II. Main Earth SystemsMain Earth SystemsA.A. LithosphereLithosphere

Rigid outer shell of the planet: includes crust and Rigid outer shell of the planet: includes crust and mantlemantle

II.II. Main Earth SystemsMain Earth SystemsA.A. LithosphereLithosphere

B.B. HydrosphereHydrosphere

The water portionThe water portion

II.II. Main Earth SystemsMain Earth SystemsA.A. LithosphereLithosphere

B.B. HydrosphereHydrosphere

C.C. AtmosphereAtmosphere

The layer of gases that surround the planetThe layer of gases that surround the planet

II.II. Main Earth SystemsMain Earth SystemsA.A. LithosphereLithosphere

B.B. HydrosphereHydrosphere

C.C. AtmosphereAtmosphere

D.D. BiosphereBiosphere

The part of Earth that includes life.The part of Earth that includes life.

III.III. Science and TechnologyScience and Technology

We often develop new things as a result of We often develop new things as a result of scientific discoveryscientific discovery

The End

Methods of Scientists – 1.2

ObjectivesObjectives• List steps used in scientific method• Compare experimental variables and controls• Identify basic SI units• Explain how to write numbers in scientific notation

I.I. Scientific MethodScientific Method

Organized approach to solving problemsOrganized approach to solving problems

I.I. Scientific MethodScientific MethodA.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem

I.I. Scientific MethodScientific MethodA.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem

1.1. Do background researchDo background research

I.I. Scientific MethodScientific Method

An educated, testable guess for an observationAn educated, testable guess for an observation

A.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem1.1. Do background researchDo background research

2.2. Make hypothesisMake hypothesis

I.I. Scientific MethodScientific Method

Study of the Earth’s oceansStudy of the Earth’s oceans

A.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem

B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)1.1. ControlControl

2.2. VariableVariable

I.I. Scientific MethodScientific MethodA.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem

B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)

I.I. Scientific MethodScientific Method

The experiment by which the other is comparedThe experiment by which the other is compared

A.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem

B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)1.1. ControlControl

I.I. Scientific MethodScientific Method

The factor that is changedThe factor that is changed

A.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem

B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)1.1. ControlControl

2.2. VariableVariable

I.I. Scientific MethodScientific Method

Variable altered by experimenterVariable altered by experimenter

A.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem

B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)1.1. ControlControl

2.2. VariableVariable

a.a. Independent variableIndependent variable

I.I. Scientific MethodScientific Method

Variable that changes as a result of the indep. Variable that changes as a result of the indep. variablevariable

A.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem

B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)1.1. ControlControl

2.2. VariableVariable

a.a. Independent variableIndependent variable

b.b. Dependent variableDependent variable

I.I. Scientific MethodScientific MethodA.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem

B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)

C.C. Organize/Analyze resultsOrganize/Analyze results

I.I. Scientific MethodScientific MethodA.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem

B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)

C.C. Organize/Analyze resultsOrganize/Analyze results1.1. Make a tableMake a table

I.I. Scientific MethodScientific MethodA.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem

B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)

C.C. Organize/Analyze resultsOrganize/Analyze results1.1. Make a tableMake a table

2.2. Make a graphMake a graph

I.I. Scientific MethodScientific MethodA.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem

B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)

C.C. Organize/Analyze resultsOrganize/Analyze results1.1. Make a tableMake a table

2.2. Make a graphMake a graph

3.3. Look for trendsLook for trends

I.I. Scientific MethodScientific Method

This may lead to new questionsThis may lead to new questions

A.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem

B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)

C.C. Organize/Analyze resultsOrganize/Analyze results

D.D. Draw conclusionsDraw conclusions

The End

Communicating in Science – 1.3

ObjectivesObjectives• List several ways in

which scientific info is communicated

• Differentiate between scientific theory and scientific law

I.I. CommunicationCommunication

I.I. CommunicationCommunicationA.A. Lab reportsLab reports

I.I. CommunicationCommunicationA.A. Lab reportsLab reports

B.B. GraphsGraphs

I.I. CommunicationCommunicationA.A. Lab reportsLab reports

B.B. GraphsGraphs

C.C. ModelsModels

I.I. CommunicationCommunication

II.II. Theories and LawsTheories and Laws

The End