The International Monitoring System · PDF fileThe International Monitoring System Natalie Brely Chief, Monitoring Facilities Support Section International Monitoring System (IMS)

The International Monitoring System

Natalie Brely

Chief, Monitoring Facilities Support Section

International Monitoring System (IMS) Division

Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty OrganizationProvisional Technical SecretariatVienna International CentreP.O. Box 12001400 ViennaAUSTRIA

Programme for CTBT Introduction Course - 21 October 2010

Presentation Structure

1. The IMS;

2. The IMS Build-up – and how to keep the IMS “state of the art”;

3. How to Sustain the IMS – and who is involved;

4. Where do we stand today?

Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010

The CTBT verification regime

International

Monitoring

System

(IMS)Build and sustain

50 primary seismic

120 auxiliary seismic

11 hydroacoustic

60 infrasound

80 radionuclide

16 laboratories

International

Centre

(IDC)collect,

analyze,

distribute

data and

products

On-Site

Inspection

(OSI)conduct

on-site

inspection

Entry-into-Force

Technical Components

International

Monitoring

System

50 primary seismic

11 hydroacoustic

60 infrasound

80 radionuclide

16 laboratories

The International

Monitoring System (IMS)

International Monitoring SystemTreaty Definition

Annex 1 to the CTBT Protocol lists:

State responsible for station;

Location;

Latitude;

Longitude; and

1. IMS Network

Four Monitoring Technologies with different types of Stations

Seismic

• Primary Seismic Station

• Auxiliary Seismic Stations

Infrasound

• Infrasound Stations

Hydro acoustic

• Hydro acoustic Stations

Radionuclide

• RN Particulate Stations

• Noble Gas Monitoring capability

International

Monitoring

System

50 primary seismic

11 hydroacoustic

60 infrasound

80 radionuclide

16 laboratories

Nuclear Test Explosions - IMS

monitors across environments

Atmospheric Tests Underwater Tests Underground Tests

Infrasound

Hydroacoustic

Seismic

Radionuclide (particulate and noble gas)

Complete IMS Network

Not started Under construction Installed Certified

Primary Seismic Network

International

Monitoring

System

50 primary seismic

11 hydroacoustic

60 infrasound

80 radionuclide

16 laboratories

Seismic TechnologyThe Science:

Explosion

Earthquakes and other natural events and events of human origin

generate two main types of seismic wave: body waves and surface waves.

The seismic technology is very efficient at detecting a suspected nuclear explosion

as seismic waves travel fast and can be registered within seconds after the event.

Data from IMS seismic stations provide information on the location of a suspected

nuclear explosion and help identify the area for an on-site inspection.

Seismic wave

IMS Seismic StationThe Design:

An IMS seismic station has typically three basic parts:

1. a seismometer to measure the ground motion,

2. a recording system which records the data digitally with an accurate time

stamp, and

3. a communication system interface.

Examples of IMS

Seismic StationsPS01 Paso Flores, Argentina

Examples of seismic stations

PS23 Makanchi, Kazakhstan

Auxiliary Seismic Network

International

Monitoring

System

50 primary seismic

11 hydroacoustic

60 infrasound

80 radionuclide

16 laboratories

IMS Auxiliary Seismic StationsThe Purpose:

Same science and design principle as IMS Primary Seismic Stations;

Auxiliary Seismic Stations are to provide data to the IDC, upon request;

Their purpose is to:

improve the location accuracy of seismic events detected by the primary network;

Auxiliary stations are capable of acting as substitute primary stations if needed

The biggest difference with the Auxiliary Seismic Stations is that they are under the responsibility of their Host Country to be sustained.

Hydroacoustic Network

International

Monitoring

System

50 primary seismic

11 hydroacoustic

60 infrasound

80 radionuclide

16 laboratories

IMS Hydroacoustic Network

The Science:

Oceans cover 70% of Earth’s surface;

Oceans concentrated in Southern Hemisphere;

Coverage of broad ocean areas

global coverage using few stations

Hydroacoustic monitoring involves recording signals that show

changes in water pressure generated by sound waves in the water.

Main basic parts:

1. Trunk cable deployed from shore

2. Three anchor/electronics nodes

3. Three mid-water hydrophone assemblies

4. Two inter-node cables and one tail cable

(separated by 2 km)

IMS Hydrophone Station

The Design:

HA03 Juan Fernandez Installation

Logistics and work associated to installation and repairs of

hydro stations is complex, time consuming and expensive…

Most expensive

IMS Stations – Multi-

Millions

global coverage using

few stations

Infrasound Network

International

Monitoring

System

50 primary seismic

11 hydroacoustic

60 infrasound

80 radionuclide

16 laboratories

INFRASOUND

ULTRASOUND AUDIBLE SOUND INFRASOUND

Frequency: 30000 Hz 2000 Hz 10 Hz 0.02 Hz 0.001 Hz

Wavelength: <mm cm m km >100 km

Useful range for detections of

nuclear explosions

IMS Infrasound Network

The Science:

The Design:

An IMS infrasound station (or array) comprises:

1. several infrasound array elements arranged in different

geometrical patterns,

2. a meteorological station,

3. a system for reducing wind noise,

4. a central processing facility and

5. a communication system for the transmission of data.

IS18 Qaanaaq, Greenland IS52 Diego Garcia, BIOT

IS22 New Caledonia‘BOB’ IS55 Windless Bight

wide variety of environments

Ideal locations =

lowest possible background noise

in order to improve signal reception.

The Design:

Challenging

environments

to access…

Radionuclide Network

International

Monitoring

System

50 primary seismic

11 hydroacoustic

60 infrasound

80 radionuclide

16 laboratories

Nuclear

explosion

Air blast, shock

Thermal radiation

Radiation:

5% Initial

10% Residual

Radionuclide Monitoring is a vital

component of the IMS that can

uniquely confirm a source as a nuclear

explosion

IMS Radionuclide

The Science:

Housing for

detection

equipment

Air samplerSatellite

antenna

IMS Radionuclide

The Design:

Each station contains:

1. air sampler,

2. detection equipment,

3. computers and

4. a communication set-up.

Half of the stations in the network

can also detect noble gases.

IMS Noble Gas

The Science:

Some radioactive noble gas isotopes do not occur naturally

but can only be produced by nuclear reactions.

Four isotopes of the noble gas xenon are particularly relevant

to the detection of nuclear explosions.

SPALAX

(France)

(Sweden)

(Russia)

IMS Noble Gas

The Design:

1. Air is pumped into a purification device where xenon is

isolated;

2. Contaminants are eliminated;

3. The radioactivity of the isolated and concentrated xenon is

measured; and

4. The resulting spectrum is sent to the IDC for further analysis.

Current IMS NG Suppliers

SPALAX installed

ARIX installed

SAUNA installed

DEX 33

RUX61SEX63

CNX20 JPX38

CNX22FRX31

CMX13GBX66

Systems purchased

National Systems participating in the INGE

USX77THX65

Status of IMS Noble Gas Network June 2010- 26 IMS NG systems + 1 National System

installed and participating in the INGE

- 8 additional NG systems purchased (installation planned 2nd half of 2010 and 2011)

First NG Certification:

USX75 - 19 Aug 2010

2. The IMS Build-Up

A Collective and Joint Venture… between:

Host Country;

The PTS;

The Local Community;

The Equipment Vendors; and

State Signatories.

IMS Station Installation Steps

2. Site survey

3. Civil works

4. Instrument Installation and Testing

5. Certification

The IMS Build-up

1. Host country granting access to site

IMS Station Installation Steps

1. Host country granting access to site

2. Site survey

3. Civil works

4. Instrument Installation and Testing

5. Certification

The IMS Build-up

Prior to initiating any work at a site,

permission has to be granted by the Host

Country…

In the early stage, local community needs to be involved

via local contracts, training, lease agreement, etc…

Host country has to continue supporting via timely access

and equipment importation, etc…

Good partnership with

equipment vendors is essential in

order to ensure through life

cycle sustainment…

A station is certified when the station equipment and the

infrastructure meets the technical specification for the IMS

station as detailed in the IMS Operational manuals

By implementing a continuous improvement focused through life sustainment process that is fed by relevant Engineering & Development and operational/sustainment feedbacks

IMS Engineering And Development

IDC OperationsIMS Maintenance

and Logistic Support

The IMS Build-upand how to keep the IMS “state of the art”…

and by implementing a Technology Foresight Process

e Horizo

Technology

development

roadmaps

Technology

development

strategy

Technology

Scenarios

Technology

Foresight

Initiative

June 2011(S&T 2011 Conference)

20 years

10 years

5 years

The IMS Build-upand how to keep the IMS “state of the art”…

3. How to Sustain the IMS?

A continued … Collective and Joint Venture…

between:

Host Country;

The PTS;

State Signatories...

What are the data availability

requirements?

at EIF - Data availability is

set to 98% for waveform and

95% for RN technologies -

which means

NO MORE THAN

7 DAYS down time in one

year (waveform) – 7 days

consecutive (RN)!

What is our OBJECTIVE??

Note: Data availability requirements are

specified in the IMS Operational Manuals.

Who’s responsibility is it?

The Host Country owns and operates the facilities… How is this

In order to ensure (inter alias):

Timely access to facilities; and

Timely and tax free import/export of IMS

equipment/consumables, the below is required:

National Implementation Measures (NIM) to enable the

above including a National Authority (NA) ; and

Facility Agreement.

Who’s responsibility is it?

The PTS is responsible to supervise coordinate and

ensure operation for the IMS facilities. What do we do?

Establish contract /arrangement/agreements for

their continued operation;

Post Certification Activities (PCA) Contracts

Establish contract/arrangements/agreements for

their support;

Equipment/Support Contracts or other arrangements

Where are the funds to come from?

The PTS is responsible to budget for through-life

sustainment of certified IMS facilities; except for

Auxiliary Seismic Stations where the Host Country is

responsible to budget and sustain them;

State Signatories are to review, approve and provide budget

for the through-life sustainment of the certified IMS facilities.

Where are the funds to come from?

Primary Seismic stations:

PS AS HA IS RN

82% 80%91%

70% 74%

8% 10%

6% 5%18%

Certified stations

Certified IMS facilities by technology Total number of Certified IMS facilities

4. Where do we stand today?

Summary: What governs IMS Build up and Sustainment??

High level standards for the operation of the IMS facilities are established in

the IMS Operational Manuals together with the technical specification and

other certification requirements.

Guidelines for provisional operation and maintenance of certified IMS stations,

the GCI and the IDC, which were adopted by the 19th session of the PC in

November 2002 and extended through 2011, state that any pre-EIF activities do

not provide for verification of compliance with the CTBT. Therefore the level

of performance of certified IMS stations could be relaxed prior to entry into

force of the Treaty.

The Treaty specifies the number, type and location of IMS facilities

Station Specific detailed guidelines are included in the

Station Specific Documentation.Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010

Make all involved in IMS Sustainment acknowledge their

responsibility towards sustaining the IMS;

Acceptance to change and putting into place formal procedures

(including timely & cost free customs clearance) and producing

necessary related documentations;

High turn around of staff and corporate knowledge (thus potential

loss of essential memory);

High turn around of local support – thus capacity building as far

forward as possible; and

Continue receiving necessary funds in order to continue sustaining

the CTBTO investment today and for the years to come…

Summary: What are the challenges?

Continue assisting in getting your country to implement the

required National Implementation Measures (NIM) including the

National Authority (NA) nomination and Facility Agreement (FA);

Continue assisting in sustaining AS facilities that are hosted by

your country;

Continue assisting in getting your SO adhere to IMS Operational

Manuals in a timely and efficient manner; and

Continue advocating that the right amount of resources is

dedicated to the continue build-up and sustainment of the IMS.

Summary: How can Permanent Missions (PM) Help?

… a continuous collective and

Joint Venture… between:

Host Country;

The PTS;

Summary: IMS Build up and Sustainment is …

… a continuous collective and

Joint Venture… between:

Host Country;

The PTS;

Summary: IMS Build up and Sustainment is …

It takes Three to

Tango!!

PTS; Local Community;

Equipment Vendors…

Host Country;

The PTS;

… where is that

%@#$% &@

serial number??!!

I need to put that

on my trip report

otherwise I will

not be able to

go on another

duty travel!!!

Merci!

Thank you!

The International Monitoring System · PDF fileThe International Monitoring System Natalie Brely Chief, Monitoring Facilities Support Section International Monitoring System (IMS)

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