The Graded Approach and RESRAD-BIOTA Code A Multi-Tiered ... · Guiding Principles Used in Developing the Graded Approach and RESRAD-BIOTA • Provide methods for addressing DOE requirements
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The
Gra
ded
App
roac
h an
d R
ESR
AD
-BIO
TA C
ode
A M
ulti-
Tier
ed F
ram
ewor
k fo
r Eva
luat
ing
Rad
iatio
n Im
pact
s to
Bio
taD
r. C
harle
y Y
uA
rgon
ne N
atio
nal L
abor
ator
y, U
SA
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f Ene
rgy
Bio
ta D
ose
Ass
essm
ent C
omm
ittee
IAEA
EM
RAS
Mee
ting
Nov
embe
r 8-1
1, 2
004
Gui
ding
Prin
cipl
es U
sed
in
Dev
elop
ing
the
Gra
ded
App
roac
h an
d R
ES
RA
D-B
IOTA
•P
rovi
de m
etho
ds fo
r add
ress
ing
DO
E re
quire
men
ts fo
r rad
iatio
n pr
otec
tion
of b
iota
; res
pons
ive
to u
sers
nat
iona
lly a
nd
inte
rnat
iona
lly.
•P
rovi
de a
gra
ded
appr
oach
to s
uppo
rt m
ultip
le n
eeds
and
use
rs
(com
plia
nce
-to
-det
aile
d ec
olog
ical
risk
ass
essm
ents
).•
Eas
y to
use
and
tech
nica
lly s
ound
.•
Util
ize
exis
ting
gene
ric a
nd s
ite-s
peci
fic d
ata.
•A
pplic
able
to m
ultip
le m
edia
and
bio
ta ty
pes.
•D
raw
upo
n ec
o-ris
k co
ncep
ts a
nd p
roto
cols
.•
Inte
rdis
cipl
inar
y te
am a
ppro
ach:
invo
lve
“use
rs” a
nd “d
evel
oper
s.”
•B
e Fo
rwar
d Th
inki
ng:
Bui
ld in
flex
ibili
ty; a
ntic
ipat
e re
gula
tory
or t
echn
ical
cha
nges
.
Ben
efits
of a
Scr
eeni
ng P
roce
ss P
rese
nted
in
IAE
A T
EC
DO
C-1
091
(199
9)“A
mul
ti-tie
red
scre
enin
g ap
proa
ch is
nor
mal
ly u
sed
in e
colo
gica
l ris
k as
sess
men
ts.
Scr
eeni
ng m
ay a
lso
be a
pot
entia
lly c
ost-
effe
ctiv
e an
d ea
sy w
ay o
f dem
onst
ratin
g co
mpl
ianc
e w
ith
radi
atio
n cr
iteria
or s
tand
ards
for p
rote
ctio
n of
the
envi
ronm
ent.
Scr
eeni
ng v
alue
s sh
ould
be
used
to id
entif
y ra
dion
uclid
es in
si
tuat
ions
of c
once
rn, a
nd to
det
erm
ine
whe
ther
thes
e ra
dion
uclid
es w
arra
nt fu
rther
ass
essm
ent,
or if
they
are
at l
evel
s th
at re
quire
no
furth
er a
ttent
ion.
In
prac
tice,
this
initi
al s
cree
ning
is
exp
ecte
d to
be
suffi
cien
t in
the
maj
ority
of c
ases
. W
hen
initi
al
scre
enin
g fa
ils, a
dditi
onal
ana
lysi
s or
ass
essm
ent m
ay b
e ne
eded
. A
two-
or th
ree-
tiere
d sc
hem
e w
ould
hel
p en
sure
that
th
e m
agni
tude
of t
he a
sses
smen
t effo
rt w
ould
be
scal
ed to
the
likel
ihoo
d an
d se
verit
y of
env
ironm
enta
l im
pact
s.”
From
: IA
EA
-TE
CD
OC
-109
1, P
rote
ctio
n of
the
Env
ironm
ent f
rom
the
Effe
cts
of Io
nizi
ng R
adia
tion:
A R
epor
t for
Dis
cuss
ion
(Jul
y 19
99)
DO
E’s
Gra
ded
App
roac
h:
A M
ulti-
Tier
ed E
valu
atio
n Fr
amew
ork
Com
pare
med
ia c
once
ntra
tions
with
B
iota
Con
cent
ratio
n G
uide
s(B
CG
s) (
RES
RAD
-BIO
TA L
evel
1)
Site
-rep
rese
ntat
ive
para
met
ers
(RES
RAD
-BIO
TA L
evel
2)
1D
ata
Ass
embl
y
2G
ener
alSc
reen
ing
3A
naly
sis
Site
Spe
cific
Scre
enin
g
Site
Spe
cific
Ana
lysi
s
Site
Spe
cific
Bio
ta D
ose
Ass
essm
ent
Kin
etic
/allo
met
ric m
odel
ing
tool
(RES
RAD
-BIO
TA L
evel
3)
Col
lect
ion
of b
iota
usi
ng
eco-
risk
prot
ocol
s
Wha
t is
RES
AD
-BIO
TA?
•R
ES
RA
D (R
ES
idua
l R
AD
ioac
tivity
) is
a su
ite o
f co
mpu
ter c
odes
dev
elop
ed a
t A
NL
for D
OE
•R
ES
RA
D w
as in
itial
ly
deve
lope
d to
der
ive
site
-sp
ecifi
c so
il cl
eanu
p cr
iteria
•It
was
exp
ande
d to
8 c
ompu
ter
code
s
•R
ES
RA
D-B
IOTA
is th
e ne
wes
t ad
ditio
n to
the
RE
SR
AD
Fam
ily
of C
odes
RES
RA
D F
amily
of C
odes
RES
RA
D-B
IOTA
: DO
E’s
“Nex
t G
ener
atio
n” E
valu
atio
n To
ol•
Prin
cipa
lly d
evel
oped
and
spo
nsor
ed b
y D
OE
sin
ce 2
000;
with
sup
port
from
th
e N
ucle
ar R
egul
ator
y C
omm
issi
on (N
RC
) and
Env
ironm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Age
ncy
(EP
A),
thro
ugh
the
DO
E-le
d E
CO
RA
D W
orkg
roup
•R
AD
-BC
G C
alcu
lato
r suc
cess
fully
con
verte
d in
to b
eta
vers
ion
of R
ES
RA
D-
BIO
TA in
200
1•
Add
ed s
ensi
tivity
ana
lysi
s ca
pabi
lity
in 2
002
•G
ener
ated
dos
e co
nver
sion
fact
ors
for 8
org
anis
ms
in 2
003
•D
esig
ned
a ne
w u
ser i
nter
face
with
Org
anis
m E
dito
r in
2003
•A
tota
l of 3
2 ra
dion
uclid
es in
the
curre
nt d
atab
ase
•S
erve
s as
the
com
pani
on to
ol to
DO
E-S
TD-1
153-
2002
, DO
E G
rade
d A
ppro
ach
Tech
nica
l Sta
ndar
d•
Avai
labl
e si
nce
Sep
tem
ber 3
0, 2
003.
Can
be
dow
nloa
ded
at n
o co
st th
roug
h D
OE
BD
AC
web
site
and
the
RE
SR
AD
web
site
•U
ser’s
Gui
de re
leas
ed a
s jo
int D
OE
/ISC
OR
S T
echn
ical
Rep
ort i
n Ja
nuar
y 20
04•
Nex
t cod
e ve
rsio
n w
ith a
dditi
onal
feat
ures
exp
ecte
d in
ear
ly 2
005
RES
RA
D-B
IOTA
: Key
Fea
ture
s•
Dup
licat
es D
OE
Gra
ded
App
roac
h pr
oces
s &
BC
Gs
•R
etai
ns fl
exib
ility
to m
odify
org
anis
m e
xpos
ure
prof
ile, p
aram
eter
s,
dose
lim
its, a
llom
etric
rela
tions
hips
•Li
ke th
e G
rade
d A
ppro
ach,
the
code
impl
emen
ts p
rimar
y an
d se
cond
ary
refe
renc
e or
gani
sm c
once
pts
•O
rgan
ism
Wiz
ard
allo
ws
user
s to
con
figur
e th
eir o
wn
“sec
onda
ry”
orga
nism
s
•In
clud
es D
CFs
for 8
spe
cific
geo
met
ries
cove
ring
a w
ide
rang
e of
orga
nism
s
•S
ensi
tivity
ana
lysi
s
•Im
port
and
expo
rt da
ta
•Fo
od c
hain
tran
spor
t (in
new
ver
sion
)
RES
RA
D-B
IOTA
Mai
n W
indo
w
Leve
l 2 W
indo
w
Leve
l 3 W
indo
w
Dos
e C
onve
rsio
n Fa
ctor
Win
dow
Para
met
er A
cces
s vs
Lev
el xx
Vie
w d
ose
resu
lts
xx
xU
nits
xx
xV
iew
BC
G re
sults
xx
Sen
sitiv
ity
xx
Kd M
odifi
catio
n, M
ean
Con
c. s
ettin
g
xO
rgan
ism
sel
ectio
n
xD
CF
optio
ns (R
BE
, Tcu
t)
Leve
lP
aram
eter
xA
llom
etric
opt
ion
(org
,nuc
)
xO
rgan
ism
allo
met
ric p
aram
eter
s
xO
rgan
ism
add
ition
(W, s
hape
,Bas
e)
xC
F,T,
f
xx
BIV
xx
xC
once
ntra
tion,
Kd O
ptio
n, D
L
32
1
Res
ults
: BC
G In
tera
ctiv
e R
epor
t
Res
ults
: Dos
e In
tera
ctiv
e R
epor
t
Res
ults
: Var
iety
of G
raph
ing
Opt
ions
Res
ults
: HTM
L R
epor
ts
Org
anis
m O
ptio
ns
Org
anis
m E
dito
r
Org
anis
m –
DC
F &
Exp
osur
e
Org
anis
m –
Allo
met
ric C
apab
ilitie
s
Org
anis
m G
eom
etrie
s in
RES
RA
D-B
IOTA
1150
220
x 10
0 x
100
Griz
zly
bear
*1E
38
447.
927
0 x
66 x
48
Elk
*5E
27
72.6
100
x 42
x 3
3M
ule
deer
, Whi
te-ta
iled
deer
*1E
26
8.8
50 x
26
x 13
Beav
er, C
arp,
Cat
fish
(Cha
nnel
and
Blu
e), C
oyot
e,
Fox
(red
or g
rey)
, Rac
coon
*, S
tripe
d ba
ss
1E1
5
145
x 8
.7 x
4.9
Bla
ck b
ass,
Lar
ge fi
sh*
Suc
kers
14
2.1E
-210
x 2
x 2
Fath
ead
min
now
, Fro
gs,
His
pid
cotto
n ra
t, Sc
ulpi
ns,
Shr
ews,
Vol
es, W
hite
-foot
ed M
ouse
*
1E-2
3
1E-3
2.5
x 1.
2 x
0.62
Fish
(you
ng-o
f-yea
r)M
ollu
scs*
, Pla
nt s
eedl
ing,
Ta
dpol
es
1E-3
2
4.2E
-60.
2 x
0.2
x 0.
2Fi
sh e
gg*,
Fish
(lar
vae)
,P
lant
root
(mer
iste
m),
Pla
nt s
eed,
Pla
nt s
hoot
(m
eris
tem
)
1E-5
1
Spe
cific
Mas
s (K
g)S
peci
fic G
eom
etry
D
imen
sion
s (c
m)
Exa
mpl
e R
ecep
tors
Mas
s C
ateg
ory
(Kg)
Mod
el
Geo
met
ry
No.
Org
anis
m W
izar
d
Org
anis
m W
izar
d
Org
anis
m W
izar
d
Org
anis
m W
izar
d
Sens
itivi
ty U
ser I
nter
face
Impo
rt &
Exp
ort
•O
rgan
ism
can
be
save
d (e
xpor
ted)
and
retri
eved
(im
porte
d) in
depe
nden
tly o
f cas
e fil
e.
•Fi
les
can
be e
mai
led
or la
ter p
oste
d on
the
BD
AC
web
si
te (O
rgan
ism
Lib
rary
).
•R
emem
ber t
o do
cum
ent a
ssum
ptio
ns a
nd d
ata
refe
renc
es
Con
tribu
ting
to a
n In
tern
atio
nal F
ram
ewor
k
•“A
var
iety
of m
odel
s co
ntin
ue to
be
deve
lope
d al
ong
thes
e lin
es.
The
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f Ene
rgy
has
deve
lope
d a
gene
ric re
fere
nce
orga
nism
sc
reen
ing
mod
el (c
onta
ined
in th
eir g
rade
d ap
proa
ch m
etho
dolo
gy)a
nd
gene
ric/re
fere
nce
orga
nism
mod
els
are
bein
g de
velo
ped
as p
art o
fthe
FA
SSET
pro
gram
me.
It w
as a
gree
d th
at th
ese
appr
oach
es a
re, m
ore
or
less
, com
plem
enta
ry a
nd th
at th
ey c
ould
pro
vide
a b
asis
for a
n ag
reed
m
etho
dolo
gy w
ithin
an
inte
rnat
iona
l fra
mew
ork,
”Fr
om:
IAE
A R
epor
t of
the
Spe
cial
ists
’ Mee
ting
(Ref
eren
ce 7
23-J
9-S
P-1
114.
2; J
anua
ry 2
001)
.
•Pa
th F
orw
ard:
Con
tinue
to w
ork
clos
ely
with
inte
rnat
iona
l or
gani
zatio
ns a
nd m
embe
r cou
ntrie
s to
lear
n fro
m o
ne a
noth
er,
harm
oniz
e D
OE
and
othe
r app
roac
hes,
and
fost
er p
ract
ical
and
ac
cept
able
met
hods
for i
nter
natio
nal a
pplic
atio
n.
Thou
ghts
on
the
Rol
e of
the
IAE
A B
iota
D
osim
etry
Wor
king
Gro
up•
A n
eede
d fo
rum
for u
nifo
rm c
ompa
rison
s of
diff
eren
t met
hods
an
d co
des.
•Id
entif
y si
mila
ritie
s an
d di
ffere
nces
in a
ppro
ache
s, re
fere
nce
orga
nism
s, a
nd c
ode
capa
bilit
ies
(e.g
., fro
m F
AS
SE
T; E
RIC
A;
ICR
P; C
anad
a; U
.S. D
OE
; oth
er m
embe
r sta
tes)
.
•Id
entif
y th
e be
st o
r mos
t req
uest
ed fe
atur
es a
nd c
apab
ilitie
s of
each
. P
rovi
de re
com
men
datio
ns o
n th
eir i
nclu
sion
with
in a
un
ified
inte
rnat
iona
l app
roac
h.
•R
athe
r tha
n on
e si
ngle
inte
rnat
iona
l app
roac
h, d
evel
op a
n IA
EA
ha
ndbo
ok o
r “to
olbo
x” o
f cur
rent
ly a
vaila
ble
met
hods
and
cod
es,
as a
refe
renc
e to
ol fo
r use
rs in
sel
ectin
g a
met
hod
appr
opria
te fo
r th
eir a
sses
smen
t nee
ds.
•E
xcha
nge
less
ons
lear
ned
on th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of d
iffer
ent
met
hods
and
mod
els.
Con
tact
s fo
r Add
ition
al In
form
atio
n
For a
dditi
onal
info
rmat
ion
on D
OE
’s e
valu
atio
n fra
mew
ork
for
dem
onst
ratin
g pr
otec
tion
of b
iota
, the
RE
SR
AD
-BIO
TA c
ode,
and
th
e B
iota
Dos
e A
sses
smen
t Com
mitt
ee, p
leas
e co
ntac
t:S
teph
en D
omot
orU
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of E
nerg
yO
ffice
of A
ir, W
ater
and
Rad
iatio
n P
rote
ctio
n P
olic
y an
d G
uida
nce
Act
ing
Uni
t Lea
der,
Env
ironm
enta
l and
Rad
iolo
gica
l Eva
luat
ion
Uni
t(2
02) 5
86-0
871
Ste
phen
.Dom
otor
@eh
.doe
.gov
Dr.
Cha
rley
Yu
RE
SR
AD
Pro
gram
Man
ager
Env
ironm
enta
l Ass
essm
ent D
ivis
ion
Arg
onne
Nat
iona
l Lab
orat
ory
(630
) 252
-558
9cy
u@an
l.gov
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