The Expanding Role of e-HRD as the Future Becomes the Present Curt Bonk, Ph.D. Indiana University CourseShare.com cjbonk cjbonk@indiana.edu.

The Expanding Role of e-HRD as the Future Becomes the Present

Curt Bonk, Ph.D.

Indiana University

CourseShare.com

http://php.indiana.edu/~cjbonk

cjbonk@indiana.edu

The future of e-learning is learner-centric (Adler & Rae, Jan., 2002, e-learning mag)

• Imagine that in the future you will have your own personalized learning environment that reflects your individual style and learning needs, and is instantly available. Not only will it be your one point of learning entry for everything you need to learn, but it will continue to learn as you learn and modify its behavior based on interacting with you over time.

Jobs of the Future and the Education They will

Require: Evidence from Occupational Forecasts, Thomas Bailey, Educational Researcher, March, 1991, p. 11-20.

1991 Predictions (10 occs largest absolute growth):

• Salesperson, retail (4%)• Registered nurse (3.4%)• Janitor and cleaner (3.1%)

• Waiter, waitress (3%)• General manager (2.6%)• Gen office clerk (2.5%)• Secretary (2.1%)• Nurses aide (2.1%)• Truck driver (2%)• Receptionist/clerk (1.8%)

2001 Reality:• Webmaster• Web Designer• Chief Learning Officer• Chief Knowledge Officer• Learning Architect/Guru• Java Programmer• Teacher Relations Manager• Director of E-Learning• VP E-book Strat Alliance• Senior Director of

Epistemology & Pedagogy

Global Learning, 2008(Clark Aldrich, in press)

• Expert Locator (find in email)• HR Expert Compensation (motivate)• Learning Integrators (politics)• Simulation Graphic Artists (2D & 3D)• Information Taxonomist (org data)• Content Editor (clean up/synthesize)• E-Learning Trainers (motivate e-lrnrs)• Usage Anthropologist (observe users)

The Market is Exploding!

“IDC expects the market to double in size every year through 2003 when the total e-learning market will reach $11.5 billion. Corporations are particularly interested in training their employees in soft skills (leadership, sales, etc.)…growing at twice the rate of IT training.”

Steven McWilliam (2000), e-learning, 1(2), p. 48.

What do you teach online?(Forrester Report)

Michelle Delio (2000), Wired News.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Programming

Application Skills

Product Positioning

Soft Skills

Compliance Skills

Software and hardware customers e-learn the ropes

Scott Tyler Shafer, Red Herring, Feb. 13, 2001

• “Since Cisco is looking to educate 800,000 people globally, the classroom model wasn’t feasible. …Cisco selected and certified 120 partner training companies…”

• “Oracle says it has 1,000 developers signing up every day to take courses over the company’s Web Oracle Network (OLN)…estimates it will train 2.5 million engineers in 2001.” (this was only 500,000 in 2000)

New Survey: Future of E-Learning and HRD

The Cost of E-learning

• Brandon-hall.com estimates that an LMS system for 8,000 learners costs $550,000

• This price doesn’t include the cost of buying or developing content

• Bottom line: getting started in e-learning isn’t cheap

Success Story #1 (Sitze, March 2002, Online Learning):

EDS and GlobalEnglishCharge: Reduce money on English trainingGoal: 80% online in 3 monthsResult: 12% use in 12 monthsPrior Costs: $1,500-5,000/studentNew Cost: $150-300/userNotes: Email to participants was helpful in

expanding use; rolling out other additional languages.

Success Story #2 (Overby, Feb 2002, CIO):

Dow Chemical and Offensive Email

Charge: Train 40,000 employees across 70 countries; 6 hours of training on workplace respect and responsibility.

Specific Results: 40,000 passed

Savings: Saved $2.7 million ($162,000 on record keeping, $300,000 on classrooms and trainers, $1,000,000 on handouts, $1,200,000 in salary savings due to less training time).

Success Story #3 (Overby, Feb 2002, CIO):

Dow Chemical and Safety/Health

Charge: Train 27,000 employees on environmental health and safety work processes.

Results: Saved $6 million; safety incidents have declined while the number of Dow employees have grown.

Success Story #4 (Overby, Feb 2002, CIO):

Dow Chemical and e-learning system

Charge: $1.3 million e-learning system

Savings: $30 million in savings ($850,000 in manual record-keeping, $3.1 in training delivery costs, $5.2 in reduced classroom materials, $20.8 in salaries since Web required 40-60% less training time).

Success Story #5 (Ziegler, e-learning, April 2002):

British Telecom & sales training

Costs: Train 17,000 sales professionals to sell Internet services using Internet simulation.

Result: Customer service rep training reduced from 15 days to 1 day; Sales training reduced from 40 days to 9 days.

Savings: Millions of dollars saved; sales conversion went up 102 percent; customer satisfaction up 16 points.

Success Story #6. Infusing E-Learning

(Elliott Masie, March 2002, e-learning Magazine)A manufacturing company transformed a week-

long safety program into a three-part offering:

1. One day in classroom

2. Multiple online simulations and lessons.

3. One final day of discussions and exams.

Must accomplish online work before phase 3—

this raised success rate, transfer of skills, and lowered hours away from the job.

Are all training results quantifiable?

• NO! Putting a price tag on some costs and benefits can be very difficult

• NO! Some data may not have much meaning at face value– What if more courses are offered and

annual student training hours drop simultaneously? Is this bad?

Global Learning, 2008(Clark Aldrich, in press)

• Because of the transformational nature of the benefits to both corporations and individuals, within fifteen years, enterprises will spend hundreds of billions in e-learning services…HR, knowledge management, and e-learning will be much more aligned from a vision, organizational, process, and technology perspective.

Find a Winning Blend (Andy Snidor, March 2002, e-learning Magazine)

“…there is no real vendor or approach that provides the complete solution…Finding the ideal blend of technology and non-technology delivery components and matching those with appropriate content and structure is not a very complex process if the goals are clear.”

Data From Massie Institute and Forrester Research Reports

• 49% are distracted while e-learning• 43% are eating or multitasking while

learning• Programs with as high as 80% dropout.• Lack of interactive materials.• 77% did not track employee participation.• 41% cited cultural resistance—employees

wanted traditional programs.

We are moving from1. extended books and2. extended lecture models of e-learning;3.extended community4. extended expert access5. embedded help, and 6. simulations

Clark Aldrich, (in press). A Field Guide to Educational Simulations.

Six Categories of Vendors(Clark Aldrich, 2001, Global Learning 2008)

1. LMS Portals: infrastructure2. LCMS: tools for content library3. Virtual Classrooms: synchronous

instructor (and asynchronous)4. Off-the-shelf: bus & IT courses5. Custom Content: build courses6. Integrators: solutions (Eduprise)

1. LMS Management Technologies(Karrer, 2001, Online Learning Conference)

• Report Recommendation: Bandon_Hall.com• Choices: Saba, Docent, Plateau, Click2Learn,

Sun.• Content: Off the Shelf LMS, Custom LMS,

SCORM compatible• Hall, B. (2000a). Learning management systems: How to

choose the right system for your organization. Sunnyvale, CA: Brandon-Hall.com.

• Hall, B. (2000b). Live e-learning: How to choose a system for your organization. Sunnyvale, CA: Brandon-Hall.com.

2. LCMS Management Technologies

(Karrer, 2001, Online Learning Conference)

• LCMS: WBT Systems, Global Knowledge, KnowledgeXtensions, etc.

• Learning objects (PowerPoint slides, video clips, illustrations, quiz questions, course modules)

• Organize and deliver them in infinite ways

3. Synchronous Instructor-Led Technologies

(Karrer, 2001, Online Learning Conference)

• Virtual Classroom: NetMeeting, Placeware, Centra, HorizonLive, WebEx

• Training the Trainer

• Web-Casts, Whiteboards, Chats, Live Surveys, Polls, Reports, Web Browsing, File Transfer, Application Sharing, Archives, Break-Out Rooms

Asynchronous Instructor-Led Technologies

• Asynchronous or Threaded Discussions: Sitescape Forum, FirstClass, Blackboard

• Training the Trainer

4. E-Learning Content

Capella Click 2 Learn Colleges/Universities Digital Think Docent, Inc. Eduprise Element K eMind.com eSocrates ExecuTrain Jones International University KnowledgeNet

Knowledge Planet Mentergy--includes LearnLinc

products Microsoft Training and Service Netg Prime Learning Saba Smart Force ThinQ (i.e., Trainingnet) TrainSeek Vcampus Viviance New Education Walden Univ./Institute

5. Courseware Authoring

• HTML/Javascript

• Flash

• Authorware

• Word and Powerpoint

• Dreamweaver

• Toolbook, Designer’s Edge, TrainerSoft

• (Lots of tools and lots of problems)

The Future Note: any predictions are bound to

be too conservative!!!

14 Technologies for HRD?

1. Human Resource Portals/Business Development Resources

2. Communities of Practice

3. Electronic Books4. Instructor/Trainer

Portals5. Knowledge

Management6. Intelligent Agents7. Online Language

Support

8. Online Mentoring

9. Online Simulations

10. Peer-to-Peer Collaboration

11. Reusable Knowledge Objects

12. Virtual Worlds/Virtual Reality/AI

13. Wearable Computing

14. Wireless Technology

1. Human Resource Portals/Business Development Resources

• Dial a job• Job matching• Resume sharing• Contract workers

=============• E-Learning Courses• E-Learning Instructors• Secure New Business

But What About RPF Matching Sites?

2. Communities of Practice

• Awareness of who is in the space– Roster of who belongs– Roster of who is currently viewing materials;

• Customization of the space for the group– a customized identifying banner

• Ability to interact in multiple synchronous and asynchronous ways.

• Place for a community to identify who they are– charter, principles, membership, goals, etc.

Community Space at Eli Lilly• an electronic environment designed

around expected community behaviors and attributes; the three B's of community:  believing, behaving, and belonging.

“The space is continuing to evolve, but the intention is to create a place that feels like you are with other people …CommunitySpace works best when we have spent time building a community environment as opposed to using the technology in isolation.  Building of relationships is critical to community success and we have found this difficult to do on-line alone.”

Expert Chat: Java Programmers

3. Electronic Books

4. Instructor/Trainer Portals

Certificate: Using the Internet in Corp Training

Jones International University

• Corp trainers retool existing content for online delivery; build an online module

• 4 weeks, $550; also optional customized corp training certificate

• Use Web to enhance course content, & create a powerful, interactive learning environment for trainees.

5. Intelligent Agents/AI

The future of e-learning is learner-centric

(Adler & Rae, Jan., 2002, e-learning mag)

“You could also choose to have an intelligent, interactive mentor who pops up anytime you choose when you need a little performance support. For example, you may be writing a technical brief when you realize you need more in-depth information on the topic. You could then click on a mentor icon on your desktop to bring up the intelligent mentor. The mentor would gather the learning objects necessary and deliver them to the environment, which would assemble them for an immediate learning experience.”

6. Knowledge Management

7. Online Language Support (pronunciation, communication, vocabulary, grammar, etc.)

GlobalEnglish(Instructor-led and self-paced)

Typical Features (e.g., Englishtown (millions of users from over 100 countries)

• Online Conversation Classes• Experienced Teachers (certified ESL)• Expert Mentors• Peer-to-Peer Conversation• Private Conversation Classes• Placement Tests• Personalized Feedback• University Certification• Self-Paced Lessons

8. Online MentoringExpert mentors novice from remote location

Carnegie Mellon Univ.

The future of e-learning is learner-centric

(Adler & Rae, Jan., 2002, e-learning mag)

“At the beginning of the learning module, you can decide whether you wish to have your learning tracked and reported to you or to your personnel file in the company's HR system. Summary information about the course you complete would be stored in your personalized learning environment for immediate retrieval whenever you need it for refresher learning…The digital mentor adapts and "learns" how you are learning and asks questions that branch you to additional learning if you choose it.”

9. Online Simulations (SimuLearn)

SimuLearn’s Virtual Leader Components

1. Power: explores the effects of informal (i.e., expertise and recognized alliances) and formal (e.g., title) power

2. Ideas: explores effective strategies for generating ideas

3. Tension: looking at how tension affects performance

• Once the 3 ingredients are aligned and balanced, the leaders commit to a course of action. (fosters creativity, role play, DM’ing)

Indeliq

Ninth House: Management Scenarios

10. Peer-to-Peer Collaboration(Group-enabled Project Management)

Possibilities:1. Data Sharing

(www.napster.com)2. Resource Sharing

(www.intel.com/cure/overview.htm)

3. Workgroup Collaboration (www.groove.net)

Grove creates a shared space to explain problems, receive assignments, post course updates, hold group meetings, write and edit papers, and teach students research methods.

11. Reusable Knowledge Objects

Figure 28. Organizational Interest in Knowledge Objects

Agree44%

Strongly Agree25%

Unsure17%

Strongly Disagree

3%Disagree

11%

“Appealing to the attention-deficit society…online learning will only be taken up by employees as part of continuous professional development if it is engaging, highly relevant and available in small doses.…A five-minute “learning object” can be digested in between phone calls or meetings.”

Sarah Murray, Dec 2001, Financial Times.com; interview with Terry Nulty, President, Element K

Displaying Learning ObjectsStephen Downes, New Tolles, New Media

“Consider the impact of a resource like Martindale’s Health Science Guide, a resource center listing 60,000 teaching files and 129,000 medical cases. Such a resource if made available to medical schools around the world, would greatly facilitate the creation of courses in medicine….” (as well as sustainable revenue for the center)

What is a Learning Object?

• “Learning Objects are small or large resources that can be used to provide a learning experience. These assets can be lessons, video clips, images, or even people. The Learning Objects can represent tiny "chunks" of knowledge, or they can be whole courses.”

Claude Ostyn, Click2Learn

ADL Functional Requirements(Bob Wisher, 2001)

Accessible: access instructional components from one location and deliver them to many other locations

Interoperable: use instructional components developed in one location with a different platform in another location

Reusable: incorporate instructional components into multiple applications

Durable: operate instructional components when base technology changes, without redesign or recoding

Affordable: increase learning effectiveness significantly while reducing time and costs

Sharable Content Object Reference Model

A software model that defines the interrelationship of course components, data models, and protocols such that content “objects” are sharable across systems that conform with the same model.

(Bob Wisher, 2001)

12. Virtual Worlds/Virtual Reality

Avatars--representations of peopleObjects--representations of objects Maps--the landscape which can be exploredBots--artificial intelligence

Possibilities for Corporate Training

• Virtual seminars and presentations, with distant colleagues interacting within a virtual conference hall

• Demonstration of new building designs that people can explore, discuss and modify

• Demonstrations of processes or models that are difficult to understand with static graphs/charts

Virtual WorldsAdvantages• Reliable and scalable

technology exists

• Save travel time, expense b4 implement

• Ability to simulate objects

• Thousands of worlds and users

• Built in links to Web sites

Disadvantages• Time/expense of start-up,

development, customization

• Unfamiliar, awkwardness of non-3D interfaces

• Requires a change in thinking we may not be ready for

13. Wearable Computing

Keyglove

Build it yourself

Contacts on fingers allow to type by touching fingers

“chorded” keyboard

Mouse on back

Next version wireless to control up to 6 devices

IBM VisionPad

Created as a small laptop

Applications will determine how close it meets our model

IBM Wearable ThinkPad

14. Wireless Technology

Wireless Training

“The best kind of Performance Support keeps employees knowledge “fresh” and always within reach. Wireless technology makes that possible in ways that have never been possible before, and an area which presents completely new training and performance support options for companies.”

What else is coming soon?

• Int’l colleagues, Intraplanetary mentoring• Online Consortia and Partnerships• Language Translation Tools, Voice Recognition• You design guest lectures and mix personalities• Virtual Degrees (include educational

genealogies)• Global Instructor Ratings• Web Site Generators• Debates with the Greats

Recent Advancements(Dean Takahashi, Red Herring, April 2002,

Martin Renkis, e-learning conference, April 2001)

• Organic materials that can store a million times more data than silicon

• “adaptive brainware interface tech” allows people to control devices with thoughts

• AI computer passes Turing test• Chip makers are producing circuits 1/500 of

human hair.• Transistors running at 1,500 GHz, or 750 times

faster than today’s fastest microprocessors.

Good Luck!!!