The Challenges of Introducing Green Infrastructure · The Challenges of Introducing Green Infrastructure Acknowledgments: SA Water Corporation Adelaide City Council Mr Graeme Hopkins

The Challenges of Introducing

Green Infrastructure

Acknowledgments:

SA Water Corporation

Adelaide City Council

Mr Graeme Hopkins and Ms Christine Goodwin of Fifth Creek Studio

ANZ

Dr Fatemeh Kazemi and Dr Terry Lucke

Mostafa Razzaghmanesh, Hamideh Nouri, Tim Johnson

Tim Golding, Victor Vorel, Doug Colman, Wes Penney

School of Natural and Built Environments Centre for Water Management and Reuse

Simon Beecham, University of South Australia

CURRENT ARC GRANTS:

1. S. Beecham, L.R. White, J. Boland,

P. Howlett, Y. Stokes. Paving the

way: an experimental approach to

the mathematical modelling and

design of permeable pavements,

ARC Linkage Grant LP110100222

(2011-2014): $370,000

2. T. Lucke, S. Beecham. Optimising

permeable pavements with

underlying reservoirs to enhance

urban tree performance: ARC

Linkage Grant LP120200678 (2012-

2015): $150,000

3. J. van Leeuwen, D. Chittleborough,

S. Beecham, E. Bestland, J. Cox, M.

Drikas, C. Chow, R. Smernik. Impact

of natural organic matter and

nutrients on water quality:

identification of catchment sources

and attenuation processes, ARC

Linkage Grant LP110200208 (2011-

2014): $120,000

Grants and Publications

Green Infrastructure

Green infrastructure systems and practices use or mimic

natural processes to infiltrate, evapotranspire, or reuse

rainfall and stormwater runoff on the site where it is

generated

Examples include:

Green roofs

Green walls

Bioretention systems Biofiltration swales

Bioretention basins

Rainwater gardens

Street trees with integrated storage systems

Social Establish urban greenways

Educate the public about their role in

stormwater management

Provide pedestrian and bicycle access

Economic • Reduce hard infrastructure construction costs • Maintain aging infrastructure • Reduce energy consumption and costs • Increase land values • Encourage economic development

Environmental • Improve air quality • Flood protection • Improve watershed health • Increase carbon sequestration • Drinking water source protection • Replenish groundwater • Urban heat island mitigation

Advantages of Green Infrastructure

(EPA, 2010)

Technical Barriers

Lack of understanding and knowledge of what is green infrastructure and its

benefits

Deficiency of data demonstrating benefits, costs, & performance

Insufficient technical knowledge and experience

Lack of design standards, best management practices, codes and ordinances that

facilitate the design, acceptance, and implementation of green infrastructure

Perceived doubling up of stormwater

infrastructure

Also significant :

Legal and Regulatory Barriers

Financial Barriers

Community and Institutional Barriers

(adapted from CWAA, 2011)

(adapted from Grima, J., 2012)

Community Attitudes

Green roofs in Adelaide

Water Quantity-Green Roof Hydrology

Stovin (2010)

P+I-E-Q-D±ΔS=0 P: Precipitation

E: Evapo-transpiration

Q: Runoff

D: Deep percolation

ΔS: Storage in the system

I: Irrigation

WSUD:

Source runoff control

Peak Runoff mitigation

Runoff peak time attenuation

Diffe

rence in

Runoff

peak

Lag time

Δt

Water Quality

Region Country Researcher Nutrients Cataions Anaions Heavy metals

Organic Matter

Europe

Sweden

Brendtsson et al. (2005)- (2008) Brendtsson (2010)

NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P,Tot-N, Tot- P

Cr, Fe, K, Mn,

Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn DOC

Emilson (2008) Runoff & storage

Germany Steusloff et al. (1998) Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn

Kohler et al. (2002) NO3, PO4 Pb, Cd

Estonia Teemusk & Mander (2007)

Tot-P, Tot-N, PO4, NO3, NH4

Ca, Mg So4 BOD, COD

North America

USA

Monterusso et al. (2004) No3-N, Tot-P

Hathaway et al. (2008) TKN, No3, No2, NH3,

Tot-N, Tot-P & OP

Bliss et al. (2009) P, Tot-N So4 Pb, Zn, Cd COD

Alsup et al. (2010) Cu, Fe,

Mn Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn,

Cd

Carpenter & Kaluvakolanu (2011)

No2, P, TSS

Gregoire & Clausen (2011) TKN, No3+No2, NH3-

N,Tot-P & PO4-P Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn

Canada Van seters et al. (2009) Tot-P, PAH Ca, Mg

Site 1- ANZ House

Location: rooftop on 22 storey ANZ House in

King William Street , Adelaide

Funded: jointly by the South Australian

Government's Building Innovation Fund and

Aspen Developments

Duration: 12 months

Site 1- ANZ House Roof Layout

• 2 Intensive (4.5m×3.0m)×300 mm

• 2 extensive (4.5m×3.0m)×100 mm

• and control roof (54 m2)

Asphalt Roof

Alu

min

ium

Roof

GR 1

GR 2

GR 3

GR 4

http://www.nearmap.com

ANZ House Green Roof Construction

Existing

Roof

Water

Proofing

Drainage

Layer

Geo- fabric or

root barrier

Adding

substrate to

trays

Substrate-

Zinco

systems

Irrigation

system

installation

Planting

Green Roof

1- Carpobrotus rossii

2- Lomandra longifolia 'Tanika'

3- Dianella caerula 'Breeze'

4- Myoporum parvifofium

ANZ Water Quality Monitoring

• Stormwater quantity and quality measurement

• Water quality (pH, Turbidity, EC, NO3, PO4, TDS, K, Cl , Heavy metals)

Site 2- Mawson Lakes Campus

∆p=1.5 mm

∆t=400 Min

Site 2- Water quantity studies

Site 2- Water Thermal Performance

Depth: 50 mm

ML experimental design layout

Mawson Lakes Experimental Installation

Conclusion

• It is important to develop a resilient green roof

model at both the micro and macro scale for the

city of Adelaide

• The ANZ House field site will assess the long-term

performance of four different green roof

configurations

• The MLK system will assess the long-term

performance of sixteen different green roof

configurations

• It also provides a useful demonstration site for

researchers, practitioners and the community