The Cell Cycle. Overview What are the various stages of the cell cycle? What are the various stages of the cell cycle?

The Cell CycleThe Cell Cycle

OverviewOverview

What are the various stages of the cell cycle?What are the various stages of the cell cycle?

DNA ReplicationDNA Replication

What is meant by What is meant by semiconservative semiconservative replication and how replication and how

did Meselson and Stahl did Meselson and Stahl demonstrate that is is demonstrate that is is what took place?what took place?

DNA ReplicationDNA Replication

What is theta replication What is theta replication and where does it take and where does it take place?place?

DNA ReplicationDNA Replication

What are replicons?What are replicons?

What is an origin What is an origin recognition complex?recognition complex?

What is an What is an autonomously autonomously replicating sequence?replicating sequence?

DNA ReplicationDNA Replication

What components are needed for DNA What components are needed for DNA replication?replication?

What is the function of DNA polymerase?What is the function of DNA polymerase?

In which directions does DNA synthesis In which directions does DNA synthesis occur?occur?

DNA ReplicationDNA Replication

DNA ReplicationDNA Replication

What are Okazaki What are Okazaki fragments?fragments?

What is the function of What is the function of DNA ligase?DNA ligase?

DNA ReplicationDNA Replication

How are mistakes in DNA corrected?How are mistakes in DNA corrected?

DNA ReplicationDNA Replication

What role does RNA What role does RNA play in DNA synthesis?play in DNA synthesis?

What is primase?What is primase?

DNA ReplicationDNA Replication

What is involved in unwinding the double helix in What is involved in unwinding the double helix in preparation for replication?preparation for replication?

DNA ReplicationDNA Replication

DNA ReplicationDNA Replication

DNA ReplicationDNA Replication

DNA ReplicationDNA Replication

What is meant by the What is meant by the end-replication end-replication problem?problem?

DNA ReplicationDNA Replication

How do eukaryotic cells How do eukaryotic cells handle the end-handle the end-replication problem?replication problem?

What is meant by DNA What is meant by DNA licensing?licensing?

DNA Damage and RepairDNA Damage and Repair

What kinds of What kinds of spontaneous mutations spontaneous mutations regularly alter DNA regularly alter DNA molecules?molecules?

What kind of mutagens What kind of mutagens alter DNA molecules?alter DNA molecules?

DNA Damage and RepairDNA Damage and Repair

What are the different What are the different types of repair types of repair mechanisms used to mechanisms used to correct alterations in correct alterations in DNA?DNA?

Nuclear and Cell DivisionNuclear and Cell Division

Nuclear and Cell DivisionNuclear and Cell Division

Nuclear and Cell DivisionNuclear and Cell Division

Nuclear and Cell DivisionNuclear and Cell Division

What is the difference between kinechore and polar What is the difference between kinechore and polar microtubules?microtubules?

Nuclear and Cell DivisionNuclear and Cell Division

What influences the length of spindle fibers?What influences the length of spindle fibers?

Nuclear and Cell DivisionNuclear and Cell Division

What is responsible for the alignment of What is responsible for the alignment of chromosomes during metaphase?chromosomes during metaphase?

What is involved in the splitting of the What is involved in the splitting of the chromatids?chromatids?

Nuclear and Cell DivisionNuclear and Cell Division

What kinds of motor What kinds of motor proteins are involved in proteins are involved in chromosome chromosome movement?movement?

Nuclear and Cell DivisionNuclear and Cell Division

How does cytokinesis differ in animals and How does cytokinesis differ in animals and plants?plants?

Regulation of Cell CycleRegulation of Cell Cycle

What are the cell cycle checkpoints?What are the cell cycle checkpoints?

Regulation of Cell CycleRegulation of Cell Cycle

What is MPF and how do we know it exists?What is MPF and how do we know it exists?

Regulation of Cell CycleRegulation of Cell Cycle

How were mutant yeast cells used to find the How were mutant yeast cells used to find the molecule that controlled the cell cycle?molecule that controlled the cell cycle?

What kind of protein is produced by the cdc 2 What kind of protein is produced by the cdc 2 gene?gene?

What are cyclins?What are cyclins?

Regulation of Cell CycleRegulation of Cell Cycle What are mitotic cyclins?What are mitotic cyclins?

Regulation of Cell CycleRegulation of Cell Cycle

Besides the availability of cyclins, what else controls Besides the availability of cyclins, what else controls the activity of MPF?the activity of MPF?

Regulation of Cell CycleRegulation of Cell Cycle

How does the active How does the active MPF bring about events MPF bring about events of mitosis intiation?of mitosis intiation?

Regulation of Cell CycleRegulation of Cell Cycle

How is G1 checkpoint controlled?How is G1 checkpoint controlled?

Regulation of Cell CycleRegulation of Cell Cycle

How does anaphase How does anaphase promoting complex promoting complex control spindle control spindle assembly checkpoint?assembly checkpoint?

What ensures the proper What ensures the proper timing of these events?timing of these events?

Regulation of Cell CycleRegulation of Cell Cycle

Cell Growth and CancerCell Growth and Cancer

How is the ras pathway involved in the cell cycle How is the ras pathway involved in the cell cycle control?control?

Cell Growth and CancerCell Growth and Cancer

How can growth factors inhibit cell division?How can growth factors inhibit cell division?

Alterations in what kinds of genes lead to Alterations in what kinds of genes lead to development of cancer?development of cancer?

How do oncogenes cause cancer?How do oncogenes cause cancer?

Cell Growth and CancerCell Growth and Cancer

How does the p53 How does the p53 tumor suppressor gene tumor suppressor gene work?work?