The bulk of the pars nervosa

Endocrine lab

BIOL 242

• OBJECTIVES• Identify and name the major endocrine organs of the body• Know the structures and functions of each of the following glands, include the hormones that are produced by each

gland and how they are controlled. Hypophysis (pituitary) Suprarenal Thyroid Parathyroid Gonads Pancreas Pineal

• Indicate how hormones contribute to body homeostasis - give examples of hormonal actions.• What is the structural and functional relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary?• Identify the histology structures of the glands provided on slides.• STRUCTURES AND WORDS TO KNOW• Lab 27:• Pituitary gland: anterior/posterior Hormones: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL, MSH, OT, ADH• For the slides - try to find acidophils and basophils, chromophobes/pituicytes• Thyroid gland: Hormones: T3 and T4, CT• For the slides - follicle cells• Parathyroid glands: Hormones: PTH• For the slides - oxyphil (large ones) and chief cells• Adrenal gland: Hormones: EPI, NOREPI, mineral corticoids,

glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids• For the slides - medulla, three zones, capsule• Pancreas: Hormones: Insulin, glucagon• For the slides - alpha and beta cells• Gonads: testes/ovaries Hormones: Estrogens, progesterone,

testosterone• Thymus gland: Hormones: Thymosin• Pineal body: Hormones: Melatonin• For the slides - be able to identify the different glands that the slides represent.

OBJECTIVES

• Identify and name the major endocrine organs of the body– See the list in the lab assignments

• Know the structures and functions of each of the following glands, include the hormones that are produced by each gland and how they are controlled

– Hypophysis (pituitary) – Suprarenal – Thyroid – Parathyroid – Gonads – Pancreas – Pineal

• Indicate how hormones contribute to body homeostasis – Be able to give examples of hormonal actions.

• What is the structural and functional relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary?

• Identify the histology structures of the glands provided on slides.

Pituitary gland• Be able to

identify which hormone comes from the anterior and posterior pituitary

• Hormones: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL, MSH, OT, ADH

Pituitary gland

Pituitary gland – (the hyperlinks work on this page)

PARS DISTALIS: chromophils (50%) and chromophobes (50%). The chromophils can be further subdivided into acidophils (40%) and basophils (10%). The acidophils secrete GH (somatotropes) and prolactin (mammotropes). Basophils secrete TSH (thyrotropes), LH (gonadotropes), FSH (gonadotropes), and ACTH (corticotropes).

PARS NERVOSA: main cell type here is a glial or supporting cell called a pituicyte . The bulk of the pars nervosa consists of axons from neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.

PARS INTERMEDIA: rudimentary in humans, lies between the pars distalis and pars nervosa.

BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES WITH HYPERLINKS

chromophobes

Thyroid gland• Hormones: T3 and T4

Thyroid gland

BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES LABELED ON THE ABOVE SLIDE

Parathyroid glands• Hormones: PTH

Parathyroid glands• oxyphil (large ones) and chief cells

Parathyroid Glands

Red arrows – Oxyphil/Principle Cells

Yellow arrow - Chief Cells

BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES LABELED ON THE SLIDE

Adrenal gland• Hormones: EPI, NOREPI, mineral

corticoids, glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids

Adrenal glandBE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES LABELED ON THE SLIDE

Pancreas• Hormones: Insulin, glucagon

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtsQxUYHXbw

Play at your own risk (grin!)

Pancreas

BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES LABELED ON THE SLIDES

Gonads : testes/ovaries• Hormones: Estrogens, progesterone,

testosterone

Gonads : testes/ovaries

Which is which?

Thymus gland• Hormones: Thymosin

Panoramic view of adult thymus, largely replaced with adipose tissue. There are recognizable remnants of thymic lymphatic tissue, however, and Hassall's corpuscles are still present in the medulla.

Why is there so much adipose tissue?

Pineal body• Hormones: Melatonin

THE SLIDES OF THE PINEAL ARE NOT VERY DISTINGUISHINGIt consists of connective tissue, blood vessels, glial cells, and pinealocytes (which secrete melatonin). Pinealocytes have larger, lighter staining nuclei and glial cells have small darker staining nuclei. With age, calcified formations appear in the pineal gland (brain sand or corpora aranacea ).