The Body: Basics

The Body

The Basics

Why Study the Body?

Understanding the normal body is basis

for analyzing disease

• Structure

• Functions

Why Study the Body?

• If you understand “normal” you can

figure out what is going wrong

Terms to Know

Anatomy

Study of the structure

-tomy

Latin term meaning cutting

Physiology

How the body works

Latin term meaning nature

Interrelated

Can’t have one without the other

Terms to Know

• Anything that upsets the normal

structure of the working body

• Disease

• Science that studies disease

•Pathology

Levels of Organization

Chemicals

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Body Systems

Organism (Body as a Whole)

Levels of

Organization

Protection, Support, and Movement

• Integumentary

• Skin and associated structures

• Hair

• Nails

• Sweat and oil glands

• Skeletal

• Basic framework of the body

• 206 bones

Protection, Support, and Movement

• Muscular

• Attached to the bones

• Produce movement

• Three types:

• Skeletal

• Cardiac

• Smooth

Coordination and Control

•The Nervous System

• Brain and spinal cord

• Nerves

• Special senses

• Mental health

Coordination and Control

•The Endocrine System

• Scattered throughout the body

• Share a similar function• What is it?

• ______________________________

• What are some examples?

Circulation

• Cardiovascular System

• Heart and blood vessels

• Pump blood

• Carry waste materials away from tissues to

elimination points

• Lymphatic System

• Brings fluids from tissues back to the blood

• Play role in immunity

• Lymphocytes

• Aid in the absorption of digested fat

• Lymph

Nutrition and Fluid Balance

• Respiratory System

• Lungs and passages leading to and from the lungs

• Gas exchange• Oxygen and carbon dioxide

• Digestive System

• Takes in nutrients

• Converts nutrients to a usable form

• Absorbs this usable form into the circulation

• Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, and pancreas

Nutrition and Fluid Balance

• Urinary System

• Rids the body of waste products and excess water

• Structures include

• Kidneys

• Ureters

• Bladder

• Urethra

Reproduction of Offspring

• External sex organs and internal structures

concerned with reproduction