THE BEGINNING OF THE “MODERN” WORLD 1.Questions from homework? A.Be able to locate the 5 continents, 4 major oceans, and the key European and world countries.

THE BEGINNING OF THE “MODERN” WORLD

1. Questions from homework?A. Be able to locate the 5 continents, 4 major oceans, and the key

European and world countries. See unit packet maps. B. Identify the 5 themes of geography and how each can be seen in

this unit.2. Themes of Geography –10min (need to know key world locations – see world

map in unit docs)3. Share your completed graphic organizer about Religions with the other group

members 15min1. Compare content – discuss difference and similarities2. Complete graphic organizer so that all members understand the religion3. Questions? And review

4. Complete bottom of religion chart – wrap up 5. Preview of The Renaissance

A - Geography has an impact on history and its five themes help us understand historical and current eventsB - Challenges to the existing order come from radical new ideasC - Religion affects how different cultures interact, cooperate, conduct commerce and conflict with each other.

World Religions and Geography – day4Interactive Map

Unit Enduring Understandings

1. Geography themes of location, place, movement, human-environment interaction and region are useful tools for understanding history and current events.

2. A society’s values can be seen through their cultural and scientific achievements

3. Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas.

4. Technology, commerce, and religion cause cultures to interact, exchange and conflict with one another.

5. Every society has developed some political system by which either the one, the few, or the many rule over others.

Unit Essential Questions

1. How does geography affect people and societies?

2. How can ideas change the world? 3. What is globalization and when did it begin?4. What happens when different cultures

interact? Why do technology, commerce and religion have an impact on inter-cultural interactions?

5. What is the proper relationship between citizens and their government?

Africa

Asia

Oceania

EuropeNorth

America

South America

Antarctica

Indian Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Arctic Ocean

USA

UK

China

Russia

NigeriaBrazil

Mexico

Iran

Iraq

1 – Philadelphia2 – London3 – Beijing4 – Sydney5 – Pretoria6 – Mumbai7 - Lima

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3

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6India

7

What geography theme is represented on this map?How could we show the other themes?

RussiaUKMexicoIranBrazilNigeriaIraqChinaIndiaUSA1

2

3

45

6

7

1

2

3

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Location

Geographers use latitude and longitude to pinpoint a place’s absolute, or exact, location.

To know the absolute location of a place is only part of the story. It is also important to know how that place is related to other places—in other words, to know that place’s relative location. Relative location deals with the interaction that occurs between and among places.

It refers to the many ways—by land, by water, even by technology—that places are connected.

Place

All places have characteristics that give them meaning and character and distinguish them from other places on earth. Geographers describe places by their physical and human characteristics.

Physical characteristics include such elements as animal life. Human characteristics of the landscape can be noted in architecture, patterns of livelihood, land use and ownership, town planning, and communication and transportation networks.

Languages, as well as religious and political ideologies, help shape the character of a place.

Studied together, the physical and human characteristics of places provide clues to help students understand the nature of places on the earth.

Religions of the World

Human/Environment Interaction

The environment means different things to different people, depending on their cultural backgrounds and technological resources.

In studying human/environment interaction, geographers look at all the effects—positive and negative—that occur when people interact with their surroundings.

Sometimes a human act, such as damming a river to prevent flooding or to provide irrigation, requires consideration of the potential consequences.

Movement

People interact with other people, places, and things almost every day of their lives.

They travel from one place to another; they communicate with each other; and they rely upon products, information, and ideas that come from beyond their immediate environment.

Beginning of the Modern World

“Modern” Globalization Phase of increasing

trade links and cultural exchange in 19th century

Columbian Exchange- widespread exchange of animal, plants, culture (slaves), communicable diseases and ideas between Eastern and Western hemispheres

Region

Region is an area on the earth’s surface that is defined by certain unifying characteristics.

The unifying characteristics may be physical, human, or cultural. In addition to studying the unifying characteristics of a region, geographers study how a region changes over times.

Using the theme of regions, geographers divide the world into manageable units for study.

Reg

ion

s of

Afr

ica

Beginning of Modern World

Europe

Religions of the World

World Religions: A Comparison

Buddhism

Name of Deity The Buddha did not teach a personal deity

Founder Siddhartha Gautama – called the Buddha (means The Enlightened One)

Holy Book No one book—sacred texts including the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra, Tripitaka, Mahayna Sutras

Leadership Buddhist monks and nuns

Basic Beliefs Persons achieve complete peace and happiness (nirvana) by eliminating material possessions;

Nirvana achieved by following the Noble Eightfold Path. Karma is the concept that good begets good

and bad begets bad.

World Religions: A Comparison

Christianity

Name of Deity God and Jesus Christ

Founder Jesus Christ and the Apostles

Holy Book Bible (Pentateuch, Prophets, Kings, and Apostles)

Leadership Clergy (priests, ministers, etc.)

Basic Beliefs There is only one God; Jesus Christ was the son of God. He died to save humanity from sin,

making eternal life possible for others; Persons achieve salvation by following teachings of Jesus

World Religions: A Comparison

Hinduism

Name of Deity Three main Gods: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva

Founder No one founder

Holy Book No one book, sacred texts including the Vedas, the Puranas

Leadership Guru, Holy Man, Braham priest

Basic Beliefs The soul never dies but is continually reborn; Persons achieve happiness after freeing

themselves of earthly desires, Freedom from earthly desires comes from lifetime of worship,

knowledge, and virtuous acts.

World Religions: A Comparison

Islam

Name of Deity God (Allah)

Founder Muhammad

Holy Book Qur’an

Leadership Sunni and Shi’i have different clergy. Imams, mullahs, Caliphs, ayatollahs, hojjat al-islam –

collectively called the Ulama

Basic Beliefs Persons achieve salvation by following the Five Pillars of Islam and living a just life. These

pillars are faith, almsgiving, fasting (Ramadan), pilgrimage to Mecca, and prayer,

Difference between Islam and Muslim…

Islam is the religion and Muslims are people who understand, believe, and practice Islam properly, i.e. according to the text.

Islam is to Christianity what Muslims are to Christians.

World Religions: A Comparison

Judaism

Name of Deity God (Yahweh)

Founder Abraham

Holy Book Hebrew Bible (including the Torah)

Leadership Rabbis

Basic Beliefs There is only one God; God loves and protects his people but also holds people accountable for their sins and

shortcomings; Persons serve God by studying the Torah and living by its teachings; major holidays – Rosh

Hashana, Yom Kippur, Passover and Shabbat

World Religions: A Comparison

Hinduism

Name of Deity Three main Gods: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva

Founder No one founder

Holy Book No one book, sacred texts including the Vedas, the Puranas

Leadership Guru, Holy Man, Braham priest

Basic Beliefs The soul never dies but is continually reborn; Persons achieve happiness after freeing

themselves of earthly desires, Freedom from earthly desires comes from lifetime of worship,

knowledge, and virtuous acts.

World Religions: A Comparison

Confucianism

Name of Deity No real deity, per se, but a sense that there are gods and spirits in Heaven

Founder Confucius (Kung Fu Tzu)

Holy Book The Analects of Confucius

Leadership State leaders and recognized teachers

Basic Beliefs To create a harmonius society, a person should live a life of virtue here on earth by following a set of ethical guidelines focused on how to relate to other people.

Essentially, treat people the way you want to be treated, honor your parents, those above you and respect those

below, also honor the ancestors

Religions of the World

Religion review

1. Name 3 monotheistic religions

2. Which religion(s) have multiple holy texts? Name the texts

3. Which religion(s) have no identified founder?

4. Which religion(s) believe in Karma?

5. Which religion(s) have a belief in heaven?

6. Which religion(s) focus primarily on living a virtuous life to create a harmonious society?

Religion review

1. Name 3 monotheistic religions1. Judaism, Christianity, Islam

2. Which religion(s) have multiple holy texts? Name the texts1. Hinduism – Puranas, Vedas, Buddhism - sutras

3. Which religion(s) has no identified founder?1. Hinduism

4. Which religion(s) believe in Karma?1. Buddhism

5. Which religion(s) believe in heaven1. Islam, Christianity, to some extent Judaism depending on interpretation

6. Which religion(s) focus primarily on living a virtuous life to create a harmonious society?

1. Confucianism

The Renaissance 1300-1600

THE RENAISSANCE

Short-Term

Historical Centers

Urban centers

Merchants

Secular Writings

Plague

Failing Dark Age Institutions

Church failures

CAUSES

Long-Term

Individuals can be great (FAME)

Focus on SECULAR ideas, not religious

Information for everyone, not just elite

HUMANISM

REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS

People

Leonardo da Vinci

Medici family

Machiavelli

Castiglione

Michelangelo

1434: Medicis take control in Florence

1455: Gutenberg Bible published

1513: Prince published

IMPORTANT…

Dates/Events

Writing to be famous How to govern, behave Machiavelli – first political

scientist Famous Quotes:

“The end justifies the means.”

It is “much safer to be feared than loved”’.

“A ruler must be both a lion and a fox.”

B. New Writing

Political/Social/

Economic Changes

Humanism

Growing merchant class

Questioning importance of religion in gov’t

The Prince/The Courtier

The Last Supper

David

Perspective, realism

Printing press

IMPORTANT…

Literature/Art/Music

Short-Term

Greater availability of books

Changes in art/writing styles

Published laws, maps, social codes, BIBLES

Widespread information means

Attempts to reform society change views on how life should be lived

People begin to question political structures/ religious practices

RESULTS

Long-Term