THE ATOMIC BOMBINGS and THE END OF WORLD WAR II

THE ATOMIC BOMBINGSand

THE END OF WORLD WAR II

AUGUST – SEPTEMBER, 1945

QUIZ, pp. 749-53 The scientist in charge of the Manhattan Project

was named __?__ The first successful detonation of an atomic

weapon was held in what U.S. state? Who was U.S. President when the first successful

detonation took place? The two atomic bombs were nicknamed __?__ and

__?__. The airplane that dropped the first atomic bomb

was nicknamed __?__. What two Japanese cities were attacked with

atomic bombs? Which one was attacked first? The 1945 Yalta Conference laid the foundation

for an international peace-keeping organization called the __?__

Nazi war criminals were prosecuted in the __?__ trials.

What nations occupied Germany after WWII?

The End of the War Japan Loses Ground: Why?

U.S. submarine campaign Massive U.S. bombing campaign Heavy battlefield casualties

Desperate measures: “Kamikaze” (Define) campaign “No surrender” on battlefield Homeland defense training

U.S. Closes in: How will the war End?

The Atomic Bomb When?

1942 -1945 Where?

Oak Ridge, Tennessee Los Alamos, New Mexico

Codename: The Manhattan Project Who?

Gen. Leslie Groves J. Robert Oppenheimer

The First Test: July 16, 1945 Trinity Site, Alamogordo, New Mexico Success

THE MANHATTAN PROJECT

TRINITY TEST SITE TOWER

TRINITY TEST, JULY 16, 1945

DETONATION SEQUENCE

10 SEC. AFTER DETONATION

DETONATION – FROM DISTANCE

To Bomb Or Not To Bomb Why drop the bomb?

Prevent an invasion of Japan Prevent the risk of massive casualties End the war more quickly

Why Not? Is it ethical? Do we really need to? Do we understand the long-term

effects? What do YOU think?

THE ATOMIC BOMBINGS When?

August 6, 1945: Hiroshima August 9, 1945: Nagasaki

Effect? Describe: Result? Sept. 2, 1945 – Japan

Surrenders World War II Ends

TIBBETS & SWEENY

MajorCharles Sweeny,U.S. Army A.F.,Lead Pilot,Nagasaki Mission

NAGASAKI BOMBER B-29 SUPERFORTRESS

“BOCKS CAR”

AERIAL VIEW - NAGASAKI BEFORE BOMBING

AERIAL VIEW – NAGASAKI AFTER BOMBING

NAGASAKI

BOMBING

AUGUST 9th,

1945

“LITTLE BOY” ATOMIC BOMB

“FAT MAN” ATOMIC BOMB

TYPES OF ATOM BOMBS

Hiroshima “Gun” Bomb

Nagasaki “Implosion” Bomb

ATOMIC BOMB FIGURES WW II ATOMIC BOMBS:

1000 TONS OF TNT = 1 “KILOTON” WW II BOMBS = 13,000 TONS = 13

KILOTONS 1952 “HYDROGEN” BOMB:

1 MIL. TONS OF TNT = 1 “MEGATON” HYDROGEN BOMB = 3 MIL. TONS OF TNT =

3 MEGATONS 1955: U.S. HAD 30,000+ MEGATONS OF

NUCLEAR WEAPONRY ALL EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE USED BY

ALL NATIONS IN WWII ADDED TOGETHER = 1.2 MEGATONS

HIROSHIMA – AFTER BOMBING

HIROSHIMA “SHADOW”

NAGASAKI AFTERMATH

JAPANESE URBAN TARGETS

NAGASAKI BLAST RADIUS

NAGASAKI BOMB CASUALTIES

DISTANCE FROM GROUND ZERO (KM): 0-1.0 km: 88% Killed, 6% Injured, Pop.:

30,900 1.0-2.5 km: 34% Killed, 29% Injured,

Pop.: 27,700 2.5-5.0 km: 11% Killed, 10% Injured,

Pop.: 115,200

TOTAL: 22% Killed, 12% Injured,Pop.: 173,800

ATOMIC BOMB CASUALTIES

BOMBING EFFECTS ON JAPAN

Final Results: The War in The Pacific,

1931-45 ALLIES WIN; JAPAN SURRENDERS UNCONDITIONALLY

Japan occupied by U.S. Military Gen. Douglas MacArthur commands

occupation forces Casualties:

Allies: KILLED Military: 4 Million Civilian: 25 Million

Axis (Japan): KILLED Military: 2 Million Civilian: 960,000

Other Results: The Pacific War

Japan forced to adopt democratic-style gov’t.

China plunged into Civil War: Communists v. Nationalists (Mao

Zedong v Chiang) Korea divided:

North Korea (Communist) South Korea (Pro-Western)

Europeans begin losing colonies: Asian independence movements gain strength: Example: French Indochina - Vietnam