The ATLAS Muon SpectrometerThe ATLAS Muon Spectrometervillaolmo.mib.infn.it/talks/A_Diciaccio.pdf · The ATLAS Muon SpectrometerThe ATLAS Muon Spectrometer Anna Di Ciaccio University
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University of Roma
“Tor Vergata”
ATLAS
The ATLAS Muon SpectrometerThe ATLAS Muon Spectrometer
Anna Di Ciaccio University of Roma “Tor Vergata” and INFN
on behalf of the
ATLAS experiment
Anna Di Ciaccio University of Roma “Tor Vergata” and INFN
on behalf of the
ATLAS experiment
7th International Conference on :
Advanced Technology and Particle Physics
( Villa Olmo, Como 15-19 October 2001)
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 20012
ATLASUniversity of Roma
“Tor Vergata” OutlineOutline
! The ATLAS muon spectrometer! The physics performance! The muon detectors and the status of the mass
production " Monitored Drift Tubes Chambers (MDT)(*)
" Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)" Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC)" Thin Gap Chambers (TGC)
! Conclusions(*) Talk of A.Marin
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 20013
ATLASUniversity of Roma
“Tor Vergata” The ATLAS experiment at LHCThe ATLAS experiment at LHC
ATLAS dimensionsWidth: 44 m
Diameter: 21 m
Weight: 7000 t
ATLAS dimensionsWidth: 44 m
Diameter: 21 m
Weight: 7000 t
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 20014
ATLASUniversity of Roma
“Tor Vergata” The muon spectrometerThe muon spectrometer
ATLAS high resolution stand-alone µµµµ spectrometer features: # Three large super-conducting air-core toroids equipped with gas
detectors to perform independently:! µµµµ high-precision tracking
• MDT at |ηηηη| < 2 • CSC at 2 < |ηηηη| < 2.7
! µµµµ pt trigger selection! bunch-crossing identification ( requires very good time resolution)! µµµµ second coordinate measurements
• RPC at |ηηηη| < 1.05• TGC at 1.05 < |ηηηη| < 2.4
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 20015
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“Tor Vergata” Barrel Muon SpectrometerBarrel Muon Spectrometer
Tree µ µ µ µ measurement stations
•Rmin = 5 m
•Rmiddle= 7.5 m
•Rmax= 10 m
Tree µ µ µ µ measurement stations
•Rmin = 5 m
•Rmiddle= 7.5 m
•Rmax= 10 m
Barrel detectorsMDT chambers
RPC chambers only in middle and outer stations
Barrel detectorsMDT chambers
RPC chambers only in middle and outer stations
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 20016
ATLASUniversity of Roma
“Tor Vergata” Muon SpectrometerMuon Spectrometer
End-cap ToroidsEnd-cap Toroids
Barrel ToroidBarrel Toroid Forward detectors
MDT chambers
CSC chambers
TGC chambers
Forward detectors
MDT chambers
CSC chambers
TGC chambers
Barrel Toroid B0 prototype
Barrel Toroid B0 prototype
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 20017
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“Tor Vergata” Spectrometer magnetsSpectrometer magnets
Campo magnetico
eta 0 2.7
0 2.7pseudorapidity
Field integral
Two end-cap magnets
1.4 < |ηηηη| < 2.7
Two end-cap magnets
1.4 < |ηηηη| < 2.7
8 coils barrel magnet |ηηηη| < 1
8 coils barrel magnet |ηηηη| < 1
•Large field volume
•Strong bending power
•Light and open structure
•Large field volume
•Strong bending power
•Light and open structure
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 20018
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“Tor Vergata” The muon measurement schemeThe muon measurement scheme
Trigger chambers and 2nd coordinateTrigger chambers and 2nd coordinate
Precision Measurements in 3 locations in the bending planePrecision Measurements in 3 locations in the bending plane
µµµµ µµµµ
µµµµ
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 20019
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“Tor Vergata” Spectrometer performanceSpectrometer performance
Mass resolution:
1.6% @ 100 GeV
2.6% @ 800 geV
Mass resolution:
1.6% @ 100 GeV
2.6% @ 800 geV
Momentum resolution for |ηηηη| < 1.05:
2% @ 100 GeV
8% @ 1 TeV
Momentum resolution for |ηηηη| < 1.05:
2% @ 100 GeV
8% @ 1 TeV
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 200110
ATLASUniversity of Roma
“Tor Vergata”
Mass production for MDT, RPC, TGC started
- 2004 : end production2004 - 2005 : installations
2006 : first collisions
Precision chambers Trigger chambers
Number of chambers Number of channels Area covered (m 2)
Precision chambers Trigger chambers
Number of chambers Number of channels Area covered (m 2)
CSC
3231,000
27
MDT
1,163370,000
5,500
RPC
1,136385,000
3,650
TGC
1,584322,000
2,900
Muon Chambers mass productionMuon Chambers mass production
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 200111
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“Tor Vergata”
MDTMDT
RPCRPC TGCTGC
CSC CSC
Muon detectors Muon detectors
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 200112
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“Tor Vergata” Precision chambers Precision chambers
Technologies:
•Monitored Drift Tubes (MDT) (|ηηηη| < 2)
•Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC) (2 < |ηηηη| < 2.7)
Technologies:
•Monitored Drift Tubes (MDT) (|ηηηη| < 2)
•Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC) (2 < |ηηηη| < 2.7)
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 200113
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0
200
400600
800
1000
1200
-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4residuals (mm)
num
ber
Tube resolution = 81μμμμm
BMC Cosmic ray test(EIL module-0)
MDT chambers MDT chambers
Tube: Al, 30 mm φφφφ, 0.4 mm wallWire : 50 μμμμm, W/Re alloy (97/3)Gas : Ar/CO2 (93%/7%) at 3 barGas gain : 2x104 at 3.1KV
2 multilayers of 3 or 4 monolayers
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 200114
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“Tor Vergata”
BML
BIL
H8 test beamH8 test beamAlignment, integration and performance test
Time spectrum (ns)
BML events BIL events
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“Tor Vergata” MDTs production statusMDTs production statusMDT Production sitesStatus 30 September 2001 tubes module-0 bare chambersGreece - BIS 8,700 2 26Boston - EI, EM 8,230 1 21Univ. Michigan - EM 9,800 1 23Univ. Washington - EI, EM 9,700 1 23Dubna/Munich - BOS/BOF 10,800 1 12Frascati - BML 4,550 1 8Cosenza/Roma - BIL/BIR 2,150 1 3Dubna - BMS 2,700 1 1Protvino - EO 7,000 1 5Nikhef - BOL 2,500 1 3Cosenza, Pavia - BIL/BIR 2,100 1 1Freiburg - BOG 0 0 0Beijing - BEE, BIS8 0 0 0Sum 68,230 12 126Fraction produced 18.4% 10.8%
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 200116
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“Tor Vergata” Cathode strip chambersCathode strip chambers
CSC:MWPC with cathode strip readout(BNL,Stony Brook,UC Irvine)
Gas gap : 5.08 mmAnode wire pitch : 2.54 mmCathode read-out pitch: 5.08mmMaximum drift time: 30nsGas mixture: Ar-CO2-CF4
(30%/50%/20%)
Space resolution = 50 µµµµm (center of gravity of the induced charge on the strips)High rate capability
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 200117
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“Tor Vergata” Trigger chambersTrigger chambers
Technologies:
•Resistive Plate Chambers(RPC) (|ηηηη| < 1.05)
•Thin Gap Chambers (TGC) (1.05 < |ηηηη| < 2.4)
Technologies:
•Resistive Plate Chambers(RPC) (|ηηηη| < 1.05)
•Thin Gap Chambers (TGC) (1.05 < |ηηηη| < 2.4)
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 200118
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Barrel : RPC1 & RPC2 →→→→ low pt > 6 GeV ->Beauty physics low pt & RPC3 →→→→ high pt > 20 GeV ->Higgs search
End-cap : TGC2 & TGC3 →→→→ low ptlow pt & TGC1 →→→→ high pt
Barrel : RPC1 & RPC2 →→→→ low pt > 6 GeV ->Beauty physics low pt & RPC3 →→→→ high pt > 20 GeV ->Higgs search
End-cap : TGC2 & TGC3 →→→→ low ptlow pt & TGC1 →→→→ high pt
ATLAS trigger schemeBunch-crossing rate (40 MHz)Interation rate ~ 1GHz at L= 1034 cm-2s-1
• Level-1 trigger (<100kHz)• Level-2 trigger (~1kHz)
• Event filter (~100Hz)
ATLAS trigger schemeBunch-crossing rate (40 MHz)Interation rate ~ 1GHz at L= 1034 cm-2s-1
• Level-1 trigger (<100kHz)• Level-2 trigger (~1kHz)
• Event filter (~100Hz)
LVL1 muon trigger LVL1 muon trigger
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 200119
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Support panel
Support panel
Gas volumesStrips panels
Separating panelStrip panels
RPC detectorRPC detector
RPC unit:2 independent detector layers (2 or 4 gas volumes)A gas volume is read on each side by a x and y strip plane Strip pitches: 2.4 ~ 3.8 cm
RPC unit:2 independent detector layers (2 or 4 gas volumes)A gas volume is read on each side by a x and y strip plane Strip pitches: 2.4 ~ 3.8 cm
RPC:Gas gap: 2 mmBakelite plates: 2 mm, ρρρρ =~2x1010 ΩΩΩΩ x cm Gas working mode: avalancheGas mixture: C2H2F4+isoC4H10+SF6
Time resolution = 1.5ns
RPC:Gas gap: 2 mmBakelite plates: 2 mm, ρρρρ =~2x1010 ΩΩΩΩ x cm Gas working mode: avalancheGas mixture: C2H2F4+isoC4H10+SF6
Time resolution = 1.5ns
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 200120
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Gas volumesGas volumes
Cu readout electrode panelsCu readout electrode panels
Al lateral profilesAl lateral profiles
RPC elementsRPC elements
Paper honeycomb and Alsupport panels (Faraday cage)Paper honeycomb and Alsupport panels (Faraday cage)
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“Tor Vergata” Front-end electronicsFront-end electronics
Back-End boards:• terminating resistors • test pulse distribution
Back-End boards:• terminating resistors • test pulse distribution
Front-End boards :• 8 channels GaAs/die • 3 stage amplifier and discriminator• 385.184 readout channels
Front-End boards :• 8 channels GaAs/die • 3 stage amplifier and discriminator• 385.184 readout channels
The Front-end electronics is inside the detector
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“Tor Vergata” RPC quality control(1)RPC quality control(1)
! Bakelite : Resistivity test 1- 6 x 1010 Ω Ω Ω Ω x cm !Gas volume: Spacers thickness 2.0 ±±±± 0.015 mm
!Strip panels : Check strip continuity and isolation
!GaAs chip : DC test on the wafer
!Front-end circuit:
$ DC test
$ AC test
!Assembled unit:
•Performance test with comics ray
(Lecce , Napoli, Protvino, Roma2)
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 200123
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“Tor Vergata” Front-end electronics test Front-end electronics test Test station in Roma2
Power consumption/ ch. 22 ±2mW
Power consumption/ ch. 22 ±2mW
Minimum threshold/ch. 0.20 ±0.07mV
Minimum threshold/ch. 0.20 ±0.07mV
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Three comic ray test stations are operational!Tracking is done with RPCs or Drift Chambers! Each station can simultaneously test 8 Units
Three comic ray test stations are operational!Tracking is done with RPCs or Drift Chambers! Each station can simultaneously test 8 Units
Lecce Naples
Roma2
RPC test sitesRPC test sites
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“Tor Vergata” Cosmic ray testsCosmic ray tests
Efficiency vs high voltage
Counting rate vs HV
Cluster size @10.4KV
Nstrip=1.6
BOS unit : dimension 1.1 x3.9 m2
• 4 gas volumes: 8 read-out strip panelsBOS unit : dimension 1.1 x3.9 m2
• 4 gas volumes: 8 read-out strip panels
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A 15 months ageing test performed on module-0 at the GIF – X5 CERN irradiation facility.
A 15 months ageing test performed on module-0 at the GIF – X5 CERN irradiation facility.
! Average expected counting rate in the ATLAS barrel ~100 Hz/cm2
( including a safety factor ~ 10)! Total counts expected in 10 ATLAS years: 1010/cm2
! Total delivered charge: 0.3 C/cm2
RPC Ageing Studies
GIF-X5:Uniform irradiation with low energy gamma
Source: 740 GBq 137Cs Ε γΕ γΕ γΕ γ = 0.662 MeV
RPC module-0
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 200127
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00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
1
8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000Applied voltage (V)
Eff
icie
ncy
Source=0 rate = 1 Hz/cm^2Source=20 rate= 80 Hz/cm^2Source=10 rate=160 Hz/cm^2Source=5 rate =300 Hz/cm^2
! The RPC module-0 after ageing shows a rate capability of ~ 200-300Hz/ cm2
!The ageing effect can be described in term of an increase of the operating voltage, due to an increase of the electrode total resistence
! The RPC module-0 after ageing shows a rate capability of ~ 200-300Hz/ cm2
!The ageing effect can be described in term of an increase of the operating voltage, due to an increase of the electrode total resistence
RPC Module-0 Ageing
Efficiency vs HV after Q = 0.35 C/cm2
(12 ATLAS years )
Time resolution
σσσσ =1.3ns
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 200128
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2000 3 modules-0! Preproduction:
2001 May – July 24 units ! Production:
2001 October- December 24% 2002 40% 2003 33%
! Special chambers production (3% of the total area) 2003
RPC mass production plan RPC mass production plan
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 200129
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Gas mixture : CO2 / n-C5H12 (55%/45%)
TGC detectorTGC detector
Read-out :
• wires (read out in group of 4 - 20)
• strips (pitch : 15mm- 49mm)
Gas gap : 2.8 mmAnode wire pitch : 1.8 mmHV: 3.0 KVGas gain:106
Doublet Doublet TripletTriplet
Efficiency : > 99 % for 25 ns gate
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 200130
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@ 2.9 kV
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 60 120 180 240 300
leak current (nA)
!Carbon resistivity measurement :1.0 ±±±± 0.5 M ΩΩΩΩ!Chamber flatness : ~ 0.1 mm!HV test (before chamber closing, unit gluing) :
#gas :CO2 or CO2+n-pentane#check the leak current and stability
!Pulse test : readout line check!Performace test with cosmics ray
CO2 HV test
TGC Quality Control(1)TGC Quality Control(1)
Test sites:$Technion Inst. (already operational).
$ Tel-Aviv Univ. (ready soon)
$ Kobe Univ. (ready soon)
Test sites:$Technion Inst. (already operational).
$ Tel-Aviv Univ. (ready soon)
$ Kobe Univ. (ready soon)
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 200131
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“Tor Vergata”
TGC
Precision chambers (x-y strips, 3.6 mm pitch)
Technion Inst. Comic ray test
TGC Quality Control (2)TGC Quality Control (2)
Tested already 82 units
Efficiency of a TGC wire plane
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 200132
ATLASUniversity of Roma
“Tor Vergata” TGC mass production plan TGC mass production plan
384
1056
2160
Total chambers
01925ShandogUniversity(03.2002)
1639638410KEKLaboratory(01.2001)
67233657610WeizmannInstitute(06.1999)
Chambers (built up to 1.10.2001)
TripletsDoubletsProd. rate(chambers/week)
Production sites(start of prod)
835 Chambers produced ( 23% of ATLAS total)
A. Di Ciaccio – 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics – Como 18 October 200133
ATLASUniversity of Roma
“Tor Vergata” ConclusionsConclusions
% All module-0 muon chambers have shown the expected performance
% The ATLAS Muon spectrometer is in full mass production until the year 2004.
% Waiting for the year 2006 tostart exciting physics!!!
After one year with LHC running at L=1034cm-2 s-1
After one year with LHC running at L=1034cm-2 s-1
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