The AGWA Urban Tool - USDA ARS€¦ · Urban layouts Flood mitigation Stormwater management Water supply augmentation Water Quality. AGWA Urban Tool. 7 KINEROS2 model GIS framework

The AGWA Urban ToolYoga Korgaonkar, D. Phillip Guertin, I. Shea Burns, Jane

Barlow, Carl Unkrich, David C. Goodrich, and William Kepner

Tucson’s Stormwater Management

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Urban Hydrology

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Impervious areaTopographic changes

Altered drainageSoil compaction

Stormwater ConveyanceRoadsChannelsSubsurface

Source: City of Philadelphia (www.phila.gov)

Harvestable Water

4 Research by Dr. Evan Canfield – Pima County Flood Control

Green Infrastructure (GI) Practices

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Prince George’s County, MarylandMitigate impacts of urbanization

Effectiveness depends on objectiveCapture stormwater to mitigate flood and water quality

Pervious Surfaces

Augment water supplyWater HarvestingRetention Basins

Challenges in Modeling Urban Hydrology

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RepresentationLevel of detail

Flow Off Flow On processesStormwater conveyanceGreen Infrastructure practices

Tools for assessmentUrban layoutsFlood mitigation

Stormwater managementWater supply augmentationWater Quality

AGWA Urban Tool

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KINEROS2 model

GIS framework

Lot scale representationRoof, driveway, yards, pools

Subdivision scaleFlow Routing

Green Infrastructure PracticesRetention Basins

Permeable Pavements

Water Harvesting Systems

Tucson Watersheds

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Bronx Watershed

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Flow Routing – Using LiDAR data

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LiDARPoint Cloud

DEM(0.5m)

FlowDirection

FlowAccumulation

2015 LiDAR data from Pima Association of Governments

Flow Routing – Using LiDAR data

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Flow Routing

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KINEROS2 Flow Route Assumption

Parameters

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Lot/Street ParametersDimensions, slope

Land Cover ParametersRoughness, interception, canopy cover

Soils ParametersHydraulic conductivity, coefficient of variation, porosity, mean capillary drive, pore size distribution index, volumetric rock fraction

SSURGO (high resolution, nationally available)

Precipitation Data

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KINEROS2 requires time-depth pairs

AGWA Urban tool accepts:

NOAA

User-defined depth

User-defined hyetograph

Potential to use RADAR data

Hyetograph using SCS Type II conversion

KINEROS2 Representation

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Visualizing Results

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Output Maps:

Lot & Accumulated Runoff

Infiltration

Hydrographs

Percent Change Analysis

Visualizing Results

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Output Maps:

Lot & Accumulated Runoff

Infiltration

Hydrographs

Percent Change Analysis

Visualizing Results

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Output Maps:

Lot & Accumulated Runoff

Infiltration

Hydrographs

Percent Change Analysis

Case Study

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La Terraza Subdivision in Sierra Vista, AZ 13 ha – 66 Residential Lots

Rainfall Events47 observed events

SCS Type II Design Storm10 year return period (34.29 mm; 1 hour)

100 year return period (51.82 mm; 1 hour)

Three GI Practices – Lot OnlySmall Retention Basin (1.7 m3; Ks = 210 mm/hr)

Pervious Driveway (Ks = 210 mm/hr)

Water Harvesting (1.9 m3; Empty)

Results

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Model Validation (using calibrated parameters from Kennedy et al., 2013)

y = 1.02xR2 = 0.91

y = 1.04xR2 = 0.92

Results

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Infiltration Runoff Accumulated Runoff

Results

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Percent Change in Peak Runoff wrt Post-development

Fort Irwin Cantonment

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EPA – ARS – USGS projectSurface water modelingEstimate volume available for groundwater recharge

Potential Applications

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Model new or existing urban hydrology

Assess impacts of new or retrofitting GI practices

Integrated Watershed ManagementWater Supply

Flood Control

Water Quality

Biological Resources (Natural and Landscaping)

Sustainable Communities (Greenness)

Social/Economic Issues

Future Research

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Addition of more stormwater management practices

Validation of Green Infrastructure practices

LiDAR dataRepresenting surface stormwater conveyance

Continuous SimulationsPlant growth, evapotranspiration, soil biogeochemistry

Model natural and urban watersheds in combination

Link other models (eg. SWMM, HEC-RAS)

Arizona’s “Stupid Motorist Law”

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Driving the vehicle on a public street or highway that is temporarily covered by a rise in water level, and that is barricaded because of flooding ...into any area that is temporarily covered by a rise in water level ...

... Is liable for the expenses of any emergency response

Photo: Tucson Fire Department