Transcript
Distribution of
Water
Only 2.5% of water
on earth is
freshwater
2% is in the form of
ice!
Only ~0.5% of water
on earth is available
freshwater
What factors determine whether
precipitation will runoff or
infiltrate? Earth materials: permeable or not
Land use/vegetation
Slope
Degree of saturation
Duration of precipitation
Intensity of precipitation
Groundwater
Precipitation infiltrates
Water resides in pore spaces or porosity
Groundwater is in communication with surface water
Exchange happens all the time
Springs bring groundwater out on the surface
Maintains stream flow without precipitation
Groundwater
Advantages
Abundant
Clean – relatively
free of pathogens
Constant temperature
More protected from
contamination
Disadvantages
Cost to drill wells
Higher TDS (“Hard
water”)
Contamination is
difficult to discover
Large volumes with
low concentrations of
contaminants are
difficult to clean
Surface Water
Advantages
Easily accessible
Easy to recognize and treat contamination
May be cheaper to produce
Lower TDS (“Soft water”)
Disadvantages
Less abundant than
groundwater
Subject to climatic
variations in
availability
Contamination is
relatively easy
Temperature varies
greatly
Problems and concerns with
surface water
Availability
Too little = drought
Too much = flood
Contamination
Elementos hidrodinámicos
principales
Precipitación
Evapotranspiración (evaporación,
sublimación, transpiración)
Escorrentía
Infiltración
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