TEACHER’S GUIDE - Amazon S3 · If students have trouble making inferences about character traits ... will miss friends and Gran ... thatched and the walls are white washed.)
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B E N C H M A R K E D U C A T I O N C O M P A N Y
TEACHER’S GUIDE
Theme: Learning about the PastSocial Studies Concept: We can use artifacts to reconstruct the past. Personal accounts contribute to our understanding of historical events.
Fiction
Anchor Comprehension StrategyAnalyze Character •
Concept Vocabulary Words describing a sea voyage •
Grammar/Word Study Verb tenses • Time words •
SummaryWilliam Ferguson was 10 years old when •he left Ireland to move to America with his mother, father, and 6-year-old sister, Nelsey. William’s Journal is the diary he kept of their journey.
Skills & Strategies
William’s JournalLevel L/24
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Before Reading....
Build Background Knowledge •Discusswithstudentswhatitwouldbeliketotraveltoanewhomein
anewcountry.Onachartliketheoneattheleft,recordstudents’ideasaboutwhatitwouldbelikeandhowtheywouldfeel.
Model Asking Questions•Showstudentsthecover.Say:When I read, I ask myself questions about
what I am reading. This helps me understand and focus on what I am reading. The title and illustration on the cover make me wonder who William is and why he has a journal.
•Recordyourquestionsonachartlabeled“IWonder”:Who is William? Why does he have a journal?
•Recordonthechartany“IWonder”questionsstudentshaveaboutthecover.
Preview the Book•Previewthepicturesinthebook.Modelaskingquestionsandinvite
studentstoadd“IWonder”questionstothechartbasedonwhattheysee.Forexample,say:I see a big ship on page 5. I wonder what the ship has to do with William and his family.
•Expandonstudents’descriptionsoftheillustrationstointroduceanyvocabularyyoufeelmaybedifficultforstudents.Forexample,onpage2,say:This family is dressed in clothes from long ago. They have suitcases and bags around them. They are immigrating, or moving, to America from another country. Many people immigrated to America between 1880 and 1930.
Model Reading Strategies•Pointoutthewordwhistle onpage6.Ask:What strategies could you use
to read this word?
•Suggeststrategiessuchasthese:You could recognize the digraph wh and the ending le. You could break the word into syllables and recall that the CVC pattern in the first syllable usually calls for a short vowel sound. The picture could help you check whether the word makes sense.
Set a Purpose for Reading•Askstudentstoreadthebooktolearnwhatitwasliketotravelto
Americain1910.Encouragethemtoaskthemselvesquestionsaboutwhattheyread.
2 William’s Journal
Build Background Knowledge Invite any students who have immigrated to share their experiences with the group. Pair English-language learners with native speakers to brainstorm ways to describe feelings about traveling to a new country.
Build Vocabulary and Language Patterns As students preview the book, have them describe what they see in the pictures. Introduce vocabulary with which they may be unfamiliar. For example, on page 7, students might describe the home as a hut or cabin. Recast their descriptions, using the words cottage and thatched roof and writing them on self-stick notes. Then have students label the pictures with the self-stick notes.
Be alert to idioms, such as threw up, fiddle, and make a good impression, which students may not know.
What would be different if I moved to another country?
How would I feel
about it?
• new friends• new home• different
climate• different
foods• new
language
• excited• adventurous• scared• shy
© 2011 Benchmark Education Company, LLC. All rights reserved. Teachers may photocopy the reproducible pages for classroom use. No other part of the guide may be reproduced or transmitted in whole or in part in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
ISBN: 978-1-4108-1582-8
Small-Group Reading Lesson
SuPPoRt tiPS for English-Language Learnersell
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3© 2011 Benchmark Education Company, LLC
During Reading....Ï
Monitor Student Reading •Havestudentsputself-sticknotesnexttowordstheyhavetroublewith.
•Observestudentsastheywhisperread.Interveneasnecessarytoguidethemtouseappropriatestrategiestoreaddifficultwords.
After Reading....Ï
Reflect on Reading Strategies •Askstudentstosharenew“IWonder”questionstheythoughtofas
theyread.Reinforcethataskingquestionshelpsthemreadactivelyandrememberwhattheyread.
•Askstudentstosharewordstheyfounddifficulttoread.Askthemhowtheywereabletoreadthewords.Reinforcedecodingstrategiesbymodelinghowtodecodewordstheyfounddifficult.
Discuss Concepts•AskstudentstodescribewhatitwasliketotravelfromIrelandto
Americain1910.Askthemtosupporttheiranswersbypointingoutandreadingspecificpassagesthatgivethisinformation.Addstudents’ideastothechart.
•Assignpairsofstudentsseveraldatesinthejournaltosummarize.HavethemwriteasummaryofeventsonthosedatesandtellhowtheythinkWilliamfeltaboutthem.Recordresponsesonthechart.
Extend Concepts•ShowencyclopediapicturesorimagesfromtheInternetofartifacts
fromatleastahundredyearsago.Forexample,youmightdisplaypicturesofahorseandbuggy,adress,andawoodstove.
•Invitestudentstotellhoweachartifactcouldhavebeenusedbyafamilyandcontrastthemachineoritemthatwouldbeusedtodayinstead.
•HavestudentsbrainstormwaysinwhichWilliam’sjourneymightbesimilarordifferentifthestorytookplacetoday.
William’s Journal
To check a student’s reading strategies, ask him or her to read a section of the text aloud to you while other students are whisper reading. Note whether the student is using visual, structure, and meaning cues to self-correct and/or make sense of the text.
Reflect on Reading Strategies Note the words English-language learners are having difficulty with. Ask them to define or use words to help you determine whether their problems relate to unfamiliar vocabulary or syntax.
If students have read Ellis Island, ask:• William traveled with his family.
How do you imagine the trip would have been different for children who immigrated alone? (No one would take care of them if they were sick. They had to provide their own food. They might have been more frightened.)
• William and his family immigrated to be with members of his family and to get work. What other reasons did immigrants have for coming to America? (to find freedom, to have a better life)
MAKE FiCtion-to-FACt™ ConCEPt ConnECtionS
4
SuPPoRt tiPS for English-Language Learnersell
ASSESSMEnt tiP
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Build Comprehension: AnALYZE CHARACtER
Model •Explainthattheauthorgivescluestowhatacharacterinastoryis
likethroughthecharacter’swords,actions,andfeelings.
•ModelinferringcharactertraitsusingthetextofWilliam’s Journal. Say:I can recall the things William does and says and think about what they show about William. On page 6 he has to make a big decision. He can take “only a couple” of things with him. He chooses a whistle and his journal. The journal will hold his memories. The whistle will entertain him. I think this decision shows that William thinks about the future and understands what is important.
Practice•DistributecopiesoftheAnalyze Character blacklinemaster.Write
chooses to take whistle and journal inthefirstspaceincolumn1andhavestudentswritethisontheirblacklinemasters.Inthefirstspaceincolumn2,writeHe thinks about the future andHe understands what is important.
•AskstudentstorecallfeelingsWilliamhasinthestoryandrecordthisinformationincolumn1.Thenhavethemconcludewhatthisshowsabouthimandrecordthisinformationincolumn2.
Apply•HavestudentsreviewthetextandlistmoreofWilliam’sactionsand
feelingsincolumn1,thenwriteconclusionsaboutthetraitsthesethingsrevealincolumn2.
•DiscussthetraitsstudentssawinWilliam.Studentsmaywishtoaddtoorrevisetheirresponsesafterdiscussingthesetraits.
4 William’s Journal © 2011 Benchmark Education Company, LLC
Model To introduce the concept of character traits, have students name a storybook character they think is very brave. Ask: How do you know this character is brave? As students list words, actions, and feelings that support their conclusion, list these on the board. Say: The way someone acts, speaks, and feels gives clues to the person’s traits, or personal qualities.
Practice and Apply If students have trouble making inferences about character traits from character actions and words, encourage them to compare the character to a real person they know well. Ask: How is this character’s action like that of someone you know? What do you think made your friend/parent/ brother do this? Does this show kindness/ courage/curiosity? Why do you think so?
Observe if students are able to recall characters’ actions and words and make inferences about the motivations behind them.
Small-Group Reading Lesson
SuPPoRt tiPS for English-Language Learnersell
4ASSESSMEnt tiPWhat William does What this shows about him
chooses to take whistle ‘ He thinks about the future. and journal He understands what is important.
plays a song for Nelsey when ‘ He is musical. she is sick He is able to make people feel better.
sees Statue of Liberty first ‘ He is alert and quick. He is excited about arriving in America.
What William feels What this shows about him
will miss friends and Gran ‘ He is sad to leave home.
sorry for Nelsey being sick ‘ He is kind-hearted. He is a good brother.
sure that he will like America ‘ He is open. He sees the bright side of things.
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5© 2011 Benchmark Education Company, LLC
Writing Mini-Lesson: Describing words •Pointoutexamplesofdescribingwordsinthestoryasstudents
followalong.Askthemtolistentohowthewriterpaintsavividpictureofplaces,people,andthings.
•Involvestudentsinadiscussionaboutdescribingwords:
On page 8, what words describe the cottage in Ireland? (Theroofisthatchedandthewallsarewhitewashed.)
What picture of the cottage do these words paint? (Theroofismadeofgrassorstrawandthecottageiswhiteandcleanlooking.Itsoundscozy.)
On page 9, what words describe the boat? (bigger than our village; crowded and dirty)
What feeling do you get about the voyage from these words? (Itwasstrangeandscaryandnotverypleasant.)
•Remindstudentsthatwritersusedescribingwordstohelpreadersseeexactlywhataplace,person,oreventwaslike.Gooddescribingwordsmakeyoufeellikeyouarethere.
•Useotherfictionbookstomodelotherwriters’usesofdescription.Askstudentstoidentifydescribingwordsinpassagesyoureadandtellwhatimpressiontheygiveofaperson,place,orevent.
•Havestudentscontributedescribingwordstoaparagraphabouttheirclassroom.Helpthemframesentencesusingthedescriptivephrases.Writetheparagraphonchartpaperandreaditaloud.
Link to Journal WritingHavestudentsfindapieceoffictionwritingintheirjournals.Askthemtofinddescribingwordstheyhaveusedandthinkofdescribingwordstheymightaddtomakereaders“see”aperson,object,oreventmoreclearly.Ifstudentsdon’thaveasuitablepieceoffictionwritingintheirjournal,askthemtobeginanewpieceofwriting.
Read aloud sections of William’s Journal using appropriate phrasing, intonation, and expression to model fluent reading. Have pairs of students take turns reading the pages of the book to each other.
Have students read the take-home version of William’s Journal to family members. Suggest that they search for family artifacts that help them understand their family’s history.
REREAD FoR FLuEnCY
As students review their piece of writing, have them ask themselves:• Does my story include good
describing words?• Do the describing words create
a clear picture of the topic?• Can I think of more describing
words I could use?
William’s Journal
ConnECt to HoME
WRiting CHECKLiSt.
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6 William’s Journal © 2011 Benchmark Education Company, LLC
Concept Vocabulary: Words Describing a Sea Voyage•Havestudentssearchthebooktofindwordsassociatedwithasea
voyage:ship, boat, seasick, deck, crowded, dirty, storm, pitch, roll, waves, sailors. Createawordwebtorecordthewords.
•Helpstudentsbrainstormmorewordsassociatedwiththeconceptthatarenotinthebook.Usewordssuchassteerage, berth, stern, bow, captain, port, andstarboard toexpandstudents’vocabulary.
•AskstudentstodrawapictureshowingsomethingaboutWilliam’sseavoyage.Havethemusevocabularywordsfromthewebtolabeltheirdrawings.
grammar/Word Study: Verb tenses•Readthetextonpage2aloudasstudentslistenforactionwords.
Ask:Does William’s adventure happen in the present or in the past? (inthepast)What tells you this? (thewordswas, left, andkept)
•Remindstudentsthatactionwordsshowthetimeoftheaction:past,present,orfuture.PointoutthatWilliamwrotethejournallongago,butittellswhatwashappeningtohimatthetime.
•Havestudentsfindwordsthatexpresspast,present,andfutureactiononpage6:made, are leaving, will take.
•Pairstudentsandhavethemsearchthebooktofindotherexamplesofverbsthatshowpresent,past,andfutureaction.Youmayneedtocallattentiontowordpartslastincontractions.
grammar/Word Study: time words•Explainthat,inajournal,apersontellsaboutthepast,explainsthe
present,andwondersaboutthefuture.Pointoutthatwritersusespecialwordstogivecluestowhethertheyarewritingaboutthepast,present,orfuture.
•Havestudentsrereadpage8andfindawordthatgivesaclueaboutwhenthingshappen.(today)
•Askstudentstocontinuetheirsearchofthebook,listingwordsandphrasesthathelpthemdeterminethetimethingshappen:soon, a little while ago, pretty soon, last night, first thing, next, next thing I knew, while, when, now, before dinner.
•Listthetimecluesontheboard.Invitevolunteerstochooseawordorphraseanduseitinanexplanationofsomethingtheyhavedone,aredoing,orwilldo.
grammar/Word Study: Verb tenses If students have difficulty telling the time expressed by verbs, model changing familiar verbs in example sentences to express past, present, and future. For example:
Regular verb
Today I walk (am walking) home.
Yesterday I walked home.
Tomorrow I will walk home.
irregular verb
Today I eat (am eating) at school.
Yesterday I ate at school.
Tomorrow I will eat at school.
Point out verb endings that suggest past and present (-ed, -ing) and helpers that suggest future action (will, shall) or present action (am, is).
grammar/Word Study: time words Pair English-language learners with native speakers to find time clue words in the book.
Skills Bank
SuPPoRt tiPS for English-Language Learnersell
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name _______________________________________________________ Date _________________
© 2011 Benchmark Education Company, LLC
Analyze Character What William does What this shows about him
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‘
What William feels What this shows about him
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name _______________________________________________________ Date _________________
© 2011 Benchmark Education Company, LLC
the time of Action VerbsWhen Does the Action Happen?
Past Present Future
1. WewillsailforAmericainafewdays.
2. Iwilltakemytinwhistleandthisjournal.
3. Welivedinacottagewithathatchedroof.
4. Thisboatisbiggerthanourvillage!
5. Wearetravelingbelowdeck.
6. Lastnighttheshippitchedandrolled.
7. Ithrewupalot.
8. IsawtheStatueofLibertybeforeanyoneelse.
9. IcanseeManhattanfromhere.
10. Iwilllikeithere!
Directions: Have students underline the verb or verb phrase in each sentence, then mark the box to show whether it shows past, present, or future action.
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