TAKSONOMI TANAH

TAKSONOMI

TAKSONOMI TANAH

Tujuan Taksonomi Tanah: 1. Organize knowledge about soils 2. Understand relationships among different

soils 3. Establish groups or classes for practical

purposes. a. Memprediksi perilaku tanah b. Identifikasi penggunaan tanah yang sesuai c. Estimasi produktivitas tanah d. Menyebar-luaskan hasil-hasil penelitian

Diunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Soil Taxonomy: 12 Ordo Tanah

Soils are classified into into six categories based on diagnostic characteristics

The last (largest) category will place the soils into one of the 12 Soil Orders (Ordo Tanah).

Soil Taxonomy

1) Orders (12)2) Suborders (54)3) Great Groups (211)4) Subgroups (1,100+)5) Family (7,000+)6) Series (a lot!)

Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls(This is the name of a specific soil in Soil Taxonomy)

This is the name of oneOf the 12 large categories

Mollisol - oll

Oder - root of order

Orders = Ordo

Highest and most general of the soil classification system (similar to the phylum in plant taxonomy)

Based on conditions under which the soil developed

Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Orderoll = Mollisols

Suborders = Sub-Ordo

Grouped by similarities in soil formation such as wetter/dryer soil, colder/warmer soil, etc.

SubOrder

Ud = Udic Moisture

Great Groups

Based on differences between soil horizons

GreatGroup

SubOrder

Argi = Akumulasi Liat

Sub Groups (not required to know)

Describes a profile characteristic, wetness, sand, tonguing of E, etc.

GreatGroup

SubGroup

SubOrder

Aquic = wet soil

Family (not required to know)

Based on soil properties that affect management and root penetration, such as texture, temperature, and depth

GreatGroup

Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

FamilySubGroup

SubOrder

OrderTexture, clay minerals, CEC, temp,

Seri Tanah – this is where the soils of the week names are

from – misalnya: Lester, Clarion, Nashwauk etc.

Named from the town or landscape feature near where the soil was first

recognized (Lester = Lester Prairie, MN.

Other examples = Clarion, Nashwauk, Milaca, Port Byron, Zimmerman.)

GreatGroup

FamilySubGroup

SubOrder

Horizon Penciri - Used to place soils into one of the 12 Soil Orders

Permukaan (Epipedon)

Mollic Umbric Histic Ochric

Bawah-permukaan

• Argillic• Natric• Spodic• Oxic• Cambic• None

Soil Taxonomy- Diagnostic Surface Epipedons

Epipedon Molik: Lapisan permukaan yang tebal, gelap, lunak.

Characteristics Thick - greater than 10

inches; High base saturation> 50%;

Tanah Mineral Tanah-tanah terbentuk

pada kondisi vegetasi prairie

Other Epipedons Umbric - like

mollic, but low base saturation

Histic - Organic Soil - saturated with water, > -% organic matter

Ochric - thin, light colored - surface layers that do not fit any of the above

Base Saturation = relative amount of bases (Ca, Mg, K)in the soil,Low %= few, high% = many

Pembandingan Epipedon

Okhrik Histik

Umbrik

thinnerlighter color more

organicmatter

low basesaturation

Diagnostic Subsurface Horizons Argillic - illuvial

horizon of clay accumulation - Bt

Natric - same as argillic but with > 15% exchangeable sodium (Na) - Btn

Diagnostic Subsurface Horizons Spodic - illuvial

accumulation of oxides of Al and Fe (sesquioxides) and OM, red or dark red color - only found in acid sandy soils, with high rainfall- generally found below E horizon. Contains a Bhs or Bs horizon or Bhsm

OiEBhsBs

subsurface horizons (cont.)

Oxic - very weathered layer of only Fe and Al oxides and 1:1 clay minerals, low pH and not very fertile (found in tropical soils) Bo

Cambic - slightly altered layer - not weathered enough to be argillic, Bw horizon designation or development of color and or structure

NONE - no diagnostic subsurface horizon present

Comparison of Subsurface Diagnostic Horizons

very weathered

Spodic Cambic

Argillic

Natric

more Al and Fe

less developed

more sodium

12 Soil Orders - Each Order has a diagnostic epipedon and subsurface horizons – which could be “none”.

WEB SITE for soil orders = www.mines.uidaho.edu/pses/teach_res

1. Entisol2. Inceptisol3. Andisols4. Spodosols5. Mollisols6. Alfisols 1. Ultisols

2. Oxisols3. Aridisols4. Vertisols5. Histosols6. Gelisols

Entisol - ent Recent soils - minimal

development, little horizonation, young soils.

12.5% of world, Ochric + none

Entisol - Idaho

Vertisol - ert Inverted - soils with high

clay content, Large shrink swell potential - gradually invert on themselves, 2.1% of the world, Mollic or Ochric + none

Vertisol = Bss at slickenslide

Inceptisol - ept Inception - soil shows the

beginning of horizon development, little or no illuviation,

15.8% of world, Ochric or Umbric + cambic.

Inceptisol Soil Formed in

colluvial material in mountains of Idaho.

Aridisols - id Arid regions of the

world (19%), < 10 in. of rainfall, usually contain carbonates,

Ochric + cambic or argillic or other diagnostic feature.

Aridisol in Idaho

BkBkqm

RDiunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Aridisol - Nevada

AzBzC1

NaCl Salt accumulates on the surface and in the subsurface.

Mollisols - oll soils with thick, dark,

soft surface

mollic + cambic, natric, argillic or none

base saturation soils of the prairie

9% of the world

Mollisol This mollisol formed in a new

parent material (loess) that buried the original soil -the Btb (b = buried).

Mollisol from Kansas that is developed in Limestone bedrock.

A1A2BwBCR

Spodosols- od

acid sandy soils with thick E and red Bhs - ochric and spodic -

5.4 % of the world - infertile soils.

Alfisol -- alf fertile forested soils with

ochric and argillic - high base saturation (> 35%) - forested soils

7% of the world.

Ultisols - ult soils more weathered

than Alfisols - ochric and argillic - low base saturation < 35% - redder and more acid than Alfisols

8.5% of the world - less fertile than Alfisols

Alfisol & Ultisol

Histosols - ist Tanah-tanah

Gambut - organic material - histic

0.8% of the world Epipedon Histik.

Photo USDADiunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Andisols - and soils from volcanic ash

- very light - low bulk density – 1% or the world

Andisol from Idaho

ABwAbBwb

Oxisols - ox Soils with Oxic horizon - very weathered

- soils of the tropics. low pH - acid soils - high in 1:1 clay minerals

9.2% of world

OxisolAp1

Gelisol - el New Order as of

1998 - soils with permafrost (formerly Cryochrepts - or frozen Inceptisols)

Horison Cf

Soil Suborders of Minnesota Mollisol - Udoll - Boroll - Aquoll - Ustoll Alfisol - Udalf - Boralf - Aqualf Dropped in 1998 Entisol - Orthent - Psamment – Aquent

- Fluvent Inceptisol - Udept - Aquept Spodosol - Orthod Vertisol - Aquert Histosol - Fibrist - Hemist - Saprist

Suborder definitions Ud - Udic moisture = moist -southern Mn

type climate & Us = Ustic = Dry Bor - Boreas = northern Mn. Climate

(Frigid Temperature regime) Aqu - Aquic moisture = saturated soil -

high water table - Gleyed conditions Orth - true or simple - regular Entisols &

Spodosols Psamm - sand - sandy Entisols Fluv - floodplain –irregular Organic matter

Udoll - Ustoll - Aquoll

Ustoll

Udalf - Boralf - Aqualf

Orthent - Psamment – Aquent - Fluvent

Orthent

Not Cambic due to

being too sandy

Fluvent – Soils of the floodplains.

Lots of layers that are deposited when the river floods

FLUVENT

OrthodWisconsin Orthod

Minnesota Orthod

Udept - Aquept

EUTRUDEPTS

Aquert

Fibrist - Hemist - Saprist

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