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SYLLOGISM MADE EASY
The first step is to make a Venn diagram. Second step is deriving the conclusion. Lets
go to all possible concepts. (Concepts = Statements)
CONCEPT 1 Some A is B.
The iagram for Some ! is " is
The possible conclusions are#
$) Some ! is "
%) Some " is !
CONCEPT 2 Some A is B and Some B is C
The iagram is#
&o' the ossible Conclusions are#
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Between A and B Between B and C
Some ! is " Some " is C
Some " is ! Some C is "
There is no *+CT C,&&+CT,& bet'een ! and C. So it is not possible to derive an-
conclusion bet'een ! and C.
CONCEPT 3 All A is B
The iagram is#
The Conclusions are#
!ll ! is ".
Some ! is ".
Some " is !.
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IMPORTANT NOTE !"EN T"E STATEMENTS ARE POSITI#E$ T"E
CONCL%SIONS M%ST BE POSITI#E.
CONCEPT & All A is B and All B is C
The Conclusions are#
Between A and B Between B and C Between A and C
!ll ! is ". !ll " is C. !ll ! is C.
Some ! is ". Some " is C. Some ! is C.
Some " is !. Some C is ". Some C is !.
Con'e() * Some A is B. All B is C.
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The possible conclusions are#
Between A and B Between B and C Between A and C
Some ! is " !ll " is C Some ! is C
Some " is ! Some " is C Some C is !
/Some C is "
Con'e() + All A is B and Some B is C
The possible conclusions are#
Between A and B Between B and C
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!ll ! is " Some " is C
Some ! is " Some C is "
Some " is !
There is no *+CT C,&&+CT,& bet'een ! and C. So it is not possible to derive an-
conclusion bet'een ! and C.
Con'e() , All B is A and All C is A
The ossible Conclusions are#
Between A and B Between A and C
!ll " is ! !ll C is !
Some " is ! Some C is !
Some ! is " Some ! is C
There is no *+CT C,&&+CT,& bet'een " and C. So it is not possible to derive an-conclusion bet'een " and C.
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Con'e() - No A is B
The ossible Conclusions are#
&o ! is "
&o " is !
Some ! is not "
Some " is not !
!en NO 'omes in S)a)emen)$ Some/no) so0ld ollo in Con'l0sion
Con'e() All A is B and No B is C
The ossible Conclusions are#
Between A and B Between B and C Between A and C
!ll ! is " &o " is C &o ! is C
Some ! is " &o C is " Some ! is &ot C
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Some " is ! Some " is not C
0Some C is not "
Concept 10 All A is B and No A is C
The ossible Conclusions are#
Between A and B Between A and C Between B and C
!ll ! is " &o ! is C Some " is not C
Some ! is " &o C is !
Some " is ! Some ! is not C
/Some C is not !
Con'e() 11 Some A is B4 No B is C
The ossible Conclusions are#
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Between A and B Between B and C Between A and C
Some ! is " &o " is C Some ! is not C
Some " is ! &o C is "
0Some " is not C
/Some C is not "
Con'e() 12 Some A is B4 No A is C
The ossible Conclusions are#
Between A and B Between A and C Between B and C
Some ! is " &o ! is C Some " is not C
Some " is ! &o C is !
0Some ! is not C
0Some C is not !
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&ote1 n all the above# the conclusions are made based on the statements. There in
onl- one case 'here the conclusions are determined based on the conclusion itself. t is
called as 2erging Concept.
MERGING CONCEPT
This concept is applicable 'hen more than one conclusion does not follo's.
Rules:
The t'o non0follo'ing conclusions must be of same character.
,ne conclusion must be positive (!ll3Some)
,ne conclusion must be negative (&o3Some0not)
Let me e4plain this concept 'ith some e4amples.
Example 1:
Stmt 1 !ll Lotus are 5lo'ers6 &o Lill- is Lotus.
Conclusion1 &o Lill- is a flo'er6 Some Lill- is 5lo'ers.
The first step is to dra' Venn iagram.
&o' Check the conclusions.
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&o Lill- is a flo'er. (ts not true)
Some Lill- is flo'ers (t is also not true)
T'o conclusions are false. !nd "oth are same Characters (Lill- and 5lo'er). ,ne is
ositive and one is negative. t satisfies all the rules of 2erging Concept.
So the Answer is Either (i) or (ii) Follows.
Example 2
Stmt 1 Some Cameras are *adios6 Some Statues are Cameras.
Conclusion 1 Some *adios are statues6 &o *adio is a Statue.
Conclusion $ 1 Some Statues are *adios (t is false) (&o direct relation bet'een Statue
and *adio)
Conclusion %1 &o *adio is a Statue (t is 5alse) (t is a negative conclusion) (7hen
statements are positive# conclusions must be positive).
&o' Check for merging concept.
T'o Conclusions are 5alse.
The- are of same character. ,ne is ositive and other is &egative.
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!ns'er is Either (I) or (II) Follows
ire!tion Sense "est
#emor$ tool
N0m5e6 Se6iesB7Karikalan/
8e560a67 2,$ 291*
8uestion 1 t contains a series of numbers and it 'ill be in a certain pattern .
,b9ective1 To find the missing or 'rong number in that series .
There will be 5 problems from number series, among these problems 1 will be easy
and 3 will be moderate and 1 will be hard . we can easily crack these questions in a few
second if we guess the pattern . i have made an effort to cover all the patterns , i am
sure after reading this topic you will get some idea .
ifficulty level !asy "
("- keen observation itself# -ou can easil- find pattern.)
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#rime numbers
%# :# ;# # $?# %;
$?># %%;# %@># :?$# $ / sAuares of odd number
($:%# $;%# $%# %$%)
%ddition&subtraction by a common number
+4ample 1 $$# $# $?%# B# >:? # >%: .
ifference bet'een successive numbers are $:and the- are in decreasing order soans'er 'ill be >?% / $: = >>.
'ultiplication& division
n this pattern# a certain number is multiplied or divided 'ith the previous number to
get ne4t number in the series.
+4ample 1 $;# :D# ?D# $%D# %D
$;E% = :D
:D E%= ?D
?DE% = $%D
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$%DE% = %D
+4ample 1 ;$D is ?
ifference bet'een $>D G %
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Here the differences are allmultiples of $?i.e. ($?E$)# ($?E%)# ($?E:)# ($?E)# ($?E;)#
so obviousl- the ne4t number 'ill be ($?E?).
So in series the ne4t number 'ill be addition of ($?E? =) >? therefore the ans'er is
%? = :??
+4ample %1$
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+4ample 1%:# %?# %# %
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5or series a b c d e f the pattern 'ill be an- one of these follo'ing patterns.
TS1To find the pattern tr- this techniAue.
2ultipl- the number before last number 'ith % and compare the resultant number 'ith
the last number
$. a) f the resultant number is greater than the last number then it 'ill
be the addition or subtraction of sAuare3cube of number i.e. pattern().
%. b) f the resultant number is less than the last number and differenceis large# then the pattern 'ill be an- of these () or () or (V) or (V)
:. c) f the resultant number is less than the last number but difference is
small it belongs to (V).
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Solving these problems 'ill make -ou understand better.
+4ample $1:# %@ therefore it 'ill be pattern ()
Step %1 no' find the difference bet'een the t'o numbers consecutivel-
difference bet'een :G:
difference bet'een %@ = $>>%
+4ample %1$:# %;# ?$# $%$# %D;# B
Step $1 $%$E%I%D; and variation is small # so it 'ill follo' pattern ()
Step %1 difference bet'een $: G %; = $%
difference bet'een %; G ?$ = :? ($%E:)
difference bet'een ?$ G $%$ = ?D ($%E;)
difference bet'een $%$ G %D; = @ ($%E?D# B
Step $1 %DE%J$>?D and the variation is large too# so the pattern 'ill be either () or
() or (V) or (V)
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Step %1 &o' use the trial and error method but dont appl- it to 'hole series use it in
an- of the t'o numbers.
$E% %E% = ?
?E:E=:?
:?E?E?=%D
%DE@ ;E@ =$>?D so $>?DE$D?E$D=$>??D
+4ample 1 $:# $# :D# >:# :
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ans'er 'ill be :;
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ifference bet'een ;;G ?? is $$
ifference bet'een B G $%D is $; therefore the number is $D;
Thats all about number series hope -ou have get some idea# practice some more
number series problem it 'ill increase -our speed in guessing the pattern .
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