Surrogate Motherhood

Surrogate Motherhood

BERNADETTE V. ENDAYA, RN

SURROGACY

• Being a substitute• Indicates an arrangement whereby a

woman agrees to undergo the pregnancy, labor and delivery for another individual who either cannot or chooses not to

TYPES OF SURROGACY

1. TRADITIONAL SURROGACY2. GESTATIONAL SURROGACY

TRADITIONAL SURROGACY

• Also known as ‘full’ or ‘straight’ surrogacy• A woman called a “surrogate mother” carries

an embryo conceived with her own egg and the intended father’s sperm or of a sperm donor

• Child may be conceived via home artificial insemination, intrauterine insemination (IUI) or intracervical insemination (ICI)

GESTATIONAL SURROGACY

• the surrogate, called a gestational carrier, gives birth to a baby conceived with an egg and sperm of a couple or a donor egg or sperm.

• Surrogate has no genetic relationship with the baby

• After birth, gestational carrier turns over the child

TYPES OF SURROGACYaccording to ARRANGEMENT

1. COMMERCIAL SURROGACY- carrier gets compensated for carrying and delivering the child (besides medical and other reasonable expenses)

2. ALTRUISTIC SURROGACY- carrier receives no compensation

REASONS FOR CONSIDERING SURROGACY

• Female infertility• Medical issues which may make the pregnancy

or delivery risky• Intended mother prefers convenience• Single man wishing to have his biological child• Gay or lesbian couples

REASONS FOR CONSIDERING SURROGACY

• Hysterectomy• Myomectomy of the uterus• Intrauterine damage or infection• Malformed uterus• Pelvic adhesions• Cardiac disease• History of ectopic pregnancies• Physical disabilities

PROCEDURE FOR BECOMING A GESTATIONAL SURROGATE

• Hysteroscopy • Infectious disease test• Mock cycle• Pap smear• Complete physical exam• Trial transfer• Psychological tests

SURROGACY AND THE BIBLEStory of Abraham and Sarah

SURROGACY AND THE LEGALITIES

SAUDI ARABIA Surrogacy is illegal

FRANCE and ITALY Commercial and altruistic surrogacy are illegal

HUNGARY, HONGKONG, JAPAN and UK Commercial surrogacy is illegal

GEORGIA and UKRAINE Surrogacy is legal

AUSTRALIA and CANADA Altruistic surrogacy is legal

SURROGACY AND THE LEGALITIES

INDIA Commercial surrogacy is legal

Emerging leader in international surrogacy Destination in surrogacy-related fertility tourism US States have their own state laws on surrogacy Florida and California have surrogacy-accommodating

laws Military wives found surrogacy to be a means to

supplement military incomes

‘BABY M’ CASE

• Mary Beth Whitehead was artificially inseminated with William Stern’s sperm

• March 27 1986 – Baby M was born• Whitehead named her Sara Elizabeth• Sterns named her Melissa• Whitehead did not want to relinquish the

parental rights to the Sterns

ETHICAL DILEMMAS

• What if the surrogate decides to keep the baby?• If a couple divorces before the baby is born, who gets

custody?• What happens if one or both of the commissioning

parents die before the baby is born? • Does she have the right to abort? • What would happen if the infant is born with a defect

and nobody wants it?• Should the child be introduced to the surrogate mother?

ETHICAL DILEMMAS

• Is it considered as baby selling?• Is the child a science baby?• Is surrogacy a business?• Why don’t infertile couple consider adoption?

SURROGATE MOTEHRHOOD IS ETHICAL

• it is a solution to infertility after repeated failure to conceive by other means.

• It is unjust that infertile couples should be denied parenthood. • Intrauterine insemination allows the child to carry at least the

father’s biological genes. • Difficulties inherent in the adoption process• Also, the presence of a disorder that would place the mother’s life

in jeopardy if she became pregnant is a strong argument in favor of the process.

• Proponents cite studies of surrogates that confirm that most surrogates view their experience as positive, meaningful and empowering.

SURROGATE MOTHERHOOD IS UNETHICAL

• The physical and psychological risks to the surrogate mother and the purported long and short-term physical and psychological hazards to the child.

• “compensated surrogacy” arrangements are abused whereby a surrogate is paid to carry a child to maturity. Opponents denounce these arrangements as the financial exploitation of women’s bodies.

• Surrogacy is attacked as an advantage of the rich over the poor, a means of turning surrogate motherhood into a commercial industry and a convenience for the well-off to avoid childbirth.

SURROGACY NIGHTMARE

surrogacy nightmare.flv

SURROGACY: A GIFT OF MODERN SCIENCE

surrogate motherhood1.flv

THANK

YOU!!!