Transcript
Rachel HibnerErin Davidson
ShaneEvelyn
Supporting Your Ideas
Examples
Statistics
Testimony
Introduction
• Specific case referred to in passing to illustrate pointBrief examples
• Longer and more detailed to illustrate pointExtended
examples• Describes an imaginary or
fictitious situationHypothetical examples
Examples
Use to clarify
Use to reinforce
Use examples to personalize
Make your examples vivid
Practice delivery so you can maintain eye contact
Tips for Using Examples
Can clarify and support ideas
Often cited in passing to
strengthen points
Can be stacked in order to show
magnitude of an issue
Statistics
Are the statistics representative?
Are statistical measures used
correctly?
Are the statistics from a reliable
source?
Questions to answer when using statistics
Mean
Average value of a group of numbers
Mode
Number that occurs most frequently in a
group of numbers
MedianMiddle number in a group of numbers
(arranged highest to lowest)
Statistical Measures
The quotations or paraphrases used to support a point
Testimony
Expert testimony
Peer testimony
Difference between quoting & paraphrasing
Tips for using testimony
Testimony from people who are
recognized experts in the their field
Helpful to students who
are rarely looked at as
experts
Important to use when topic is controversial
Expert Testimony
Testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience
Gives a more personal viewpoint on an issue
Conveys feelings, knowledge and insight
Peer Testimony
Quote- testimony that is presented
word for word
Paraphrasing- testimony that
restates or summarizes sources
ideas
Quoting vs. Paraphrasing
More effective than paraphrasing when brief
More effective than paraphrasing when conveys
the speaker’s meaning
More effective then paraphrasing when the quote
is eloquent, witty or compelling
Quote
Quote or paraphrase accurately
• Don’t misquote• Do not violate the
meaning of your paraphrase
• Do not quote out of context
Use testimony from qualified sources
• Example: not all celebrities are qualified to endorse certain products
Tips for Using Testimony
Examples – help draw vivid
images to ideas
Brief examples
Extended examples/narrative
Hypothetical example
Statistics – numerical data
Effective way to clarify & support
ideas
Make sure they are representative,
correct & reliable
Review
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