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Complexity & the game of GoComplexity & the game of Go
Stuart FrenchStuart Frenchwww.DeltaKnowledge.netwww.DeltaKnowledge.net
@DeltaKnowledge@DeltaKnowledge
Knowledge Managers Knowledge Managers need to beneed to be
Complexity ExpertsComplexity Experts
Dave SnowdenDave Snowden
Cynefin FrameworkCynefin FrameworkCynefin Framework
Complexity Complexity keeps CEOs keeps CEOs
awake at night!awake at night!
“While eight out of ten CEOs anticipate significant complexity ahead, less than half feel prepared to handle it.”
Knowledge Managers are Knowledge Managers are Complexity ExpertsComplexity Experts
Knowledge Managers are Knowledge Managers are Complexity ExpertsComplexity Experts
We need great metaphorsto teach others how to manage in complex environments
1We need a way to practicerecognising and managing complex environments
2
Getting a grip on ComplexityGetting a grip on Complexity
Q. If you knew all the causes, Q. If you knew all the causes, would you always be able to would you always be able to
determine the outcome?determine the outcome?
Lets find out!Lets find out!
Getting a grip on ComplexityGetting a grip on Complexity
If you knew everybodyIf you knew everybody’’s choices s choices beforebefore--hand:hand:
1) Could you have predicted 1) Could you have predicted everybodyeverybody’’s final position?s final position?2) Could you plan a layout as 2) Could you plan a layout as quickly as we just did it?quickly as we just did it?
Even with a computer?Even with a computer?
““When you make the When you make the complicatedcomplicated simple, simple, you make it better.you make it better.
But when you make the But when you make the complexcomplex simple,simple,you make it wrong.you make it wrong.””
-- Dave Gray, Founder XPLANEDave Gray, Founder XPLANE
How this idea got startedHow this idea got started
Chess = Complicated Go = Complex
What is Go?What is Go?•• Go is a board gameGo is a board game
•• It originally came from It originally came from Tibet / ChinaTibet / China
•• Created Created ˜̃ 2300 B.C.2300 B.C.
•• It is played all over It is played all over the world, but the world, but mainly inmainly in•• Japan (iGo),Japan (iGo),
•• China (Weiqi) &China (Weiqi) &•• Korea (Baduk)Korea (Baduk)
•• Who here has seen Who here has seen it before?it before?
Complicated Complicated versusversus ComplexComplexChessChess GoGo
•• 8 x 8 board8 x 8 board •• 19 x 19 board19 x 19 board
Complicated Complicated versusversus ComplexComplexChessChess GoGo
•• Play in squaresPlay in squares•• Kings, Queens, Bishops, Kings, Queens, Bishops,
RooksRooks……
•• Play on linesPlay on lines•• Black stones and White Black stones and White
stones of equal valuestones of equal value
Complicated Complicated versusversus ComplexComplexChessChess GoGo
•• Aim: to kill the other Aim: to kill the other players Kingplayers King
•• 11stst 3 moves = 4,3523 moves = 4,352
•• Aim: to surround more Aim: to surround more territoryterritory
1st 3 possible moves = 46,655,6401st 3 possible moves = 46,655,640
Complexity & the game of GoComplexity & the game of Go
In Go the In Go the 4.64.6xx1010170170 permutations!permutations!
Pattern recognition Pattern recognition and and intuitionintuition are key.are key.
Rather than dominate, one seeks Rather than dominate, one seeks incremental influence incremental influence of the of the boardboard
as the nature of the gameas the nature of the gameis revealed.is revealed.
Go can be seen as the storyGo can be seen as the storyof Human Society:of Human Society:
Basic RulesBasic Rules
•• Start with an empty boardStart with an empty board
•• Black plays firstBlack plays first
•• Take turns placing stones Take turns placing stones
•• The aim is to surround as The aim is to surround as much territory for much territory for yourself while reducing yourself while reducing your opponents territoryyour opponents territory
EncirclementEncirclement
•• Each stone has liberties Each stone has liberties surrounding it (marked by surrounding it (marked by the green squares)the green squares)
•• When a stone has no When a stone has no more liberties it is more liberties it is captured and taken from captured and taken from the boardthe board
EncirclementEncirclement
•• If black plays on any of If black plays on any of the green squares white the green squares white stones will be capturedstones will be captured
•• The bigger an army is, the The bigger an army is, the harder it is to captureharder it is to capture
What does a Go game look like?What does a Go game look like?
Each side is loosely claiming territory (probes)Each side is loosely claiming territory (probes)
Things are getting crowdedThings are getting crowded
The white stone in Atari. Only one liberty left.The white stone in Atari. Only one liberty left.
White has joined and the army is safe with 4 libertiesWhite has joined and the army is safe with 4 liberties
BlackBlack’’s two stones are in Ataris two stones are in Atari
How should black avoid a DoubleHow should black avoid a Double--Atari here?Atari here?
WhiteWhite’’s 3 stones are in Atari!s 3 stones are in Atari!
Lets try it for ourselves!Lets try it for ourselves!
The game finishes when both players PassThe game finishes when both players Pass
First person to captureFirst person to capture3 stones wins!3 stones wins!
Tolerated failure imprints learning better than success. Dave SnTolerated failure imprints learning better than success. Dave SnowdenowdenPonnuki Go >> Play Fast, Learn Fast!Ponnuki Go >> Play Fast, Learn Fast!
The Suicide RuleThe Suicide Rule
““A stone cannot be played if it A stone cannot be played if it has no liberties after it has has no liberties after it has playedplayed””••White cannot play at A White cannot play at A because he will have no libertiesbecause he will have no liberties
AA
The Suicide RuleThe Suicide Rule
““A stone cannot be played if it A stone cannot be played if it has no liberties after it has has no liberties after it has playedplayed””••However if white surrounds However if white surrounds black first, then a Play at A is OK black first, then a Play at A is OK because black will be captured because black will be captured giving A four libertiesgiving A four liberties
AA
A few hints to play betterA few hints to play better
1. Don’t start near the edge
11
4422
5533
66
7788
A few hints to play betterA few hints to play better
1. Don’t start near the edge
2. Place fence posts then the palings
11
2233
A few hints to play betterA few hints to play better
1. Don’t start near the edge
2. Place fence posts then the palings
3. Surround as much area as possible
Blackwill win
Whitewill win
A few hints to play betterA few hints to play better
1. Don’t start near the edge
2. Place fence posts then the palings
3. Surround as much area as possible
4. Try not to play right up against the other player
11 22??
Scoring a Go gameScoring a Go game
The winner is determined by their score
Score = Points Surrounded + Prisoners taken
White wins!
White: 15 + 5 = 20White: 15 + 5 = 20
Black: 18 + 1 = 19Black: 18 + 1 = 19
Influence & Future ConstraintInfluence & Future Constraint
The famous ear-reddening game – 1846 Inseki (50yo) v Shusaku (17yo)
Influence & Future ConstraintInfluence & Future Constraint
Why is move 127 so powerful? It strongly influences many possible future moves
Key Lessons:Key Lessons:
1. 1. Ambient AwarenessAmbient Awareness2. 2. Adaptive AbilityAdaptive Ability
More resourcesMore resourcesInteractive Go TutorialInteractive Go Tutorial
http://playgo.to/iwtg/en/http://playgo.to/iwtg/en/
Go Software:Go Software:••iGoWIN (free 9x9 game)iGoWIN (free 9x9 game)
–– http://bit.ly/Qt9Tbhttp://bit.ly/Qt9Tb••SmartGo Pro (iPhone)SmartGo Pro (iPhone)••American Go Association Software ListAmerican Go Association Software List
–– http://bit.ly/5BORFwhttp://bit.ly/5BORFw
Australian Go AssociationAustralian Go Association••http://www.australiango.asn.au/http://www.australiango.asn.au/
KidsKids••Hikaru no Go Hikaru no Go –– Anime videoAnime video
Complexity TutorialComplexity Tutorialhttp://bit.ly/4sfHYGhttp://bit.ly/4sfHYG
David SnowdenDavid Snowden’’s Blogs Bloghttp://bit.ly/1BOdoNhttp://bit.ly/1BOdoN
Troy AndersonTroy Anderson’’s books book““The Way of GoThe Way of Go”” ISBN: 0743258142ISBN: 0743258142
Articles:Articles:Managing under complexity: Where is Managing under complexity: Where is Einstein when you really need him?Einstein when you really need him?Coping with ComplexityCoping with Complexity
Images:Images:Thanks to IGS, FracturedPixel, Guitarfool3951Thanks to IGS, FracturedPixel, Guitarfool3951
Stuart FrenchStuart Frenchwww.DeltaKnowledge.netwww.DeltaKnowledge.net
@DeltaKnowledge@DeltaKnowledge
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