STS Science Education
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STS Science Education
Frank JenkinsUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton AB
http://www.CMASTE.ca
Agenda--STS Curr. Emphases
•STS Science Education•Nature of science emphasis•Technology emphasis•STS-issues emphasis•Communication emphasis
Advantages of STS Concept
Science
Technology
Society
K S A
STS is more than just pure science knowledge.
Types of STS Programs
• SISCON (UK)--liberal arts science• SaTiS--STS modules• LoRST--integrating science into context
• ChemCom--start with STS issue• ALCHEM (‘70s)--technology contexts• STSC Chem (‘80s)--society contexts• Nelson Chem (‘90s)--epist. contexts
A Science Curriculum Emphasis
•Scientific knowledge•Scientific process skills•Scientific attitudes
(predispositions to act)•Scientific problem solving•Nature of science
Nature of Science Umbrella
Problem Solving
Processes
Skills
N ature of Science
Scientific Problem Solving (labs)
• Illustrative (concrete model)• Exploratory (a learning
cycle)• Inductive (Francis Bacon)
concept building• Deductive (Karl Popper)
concept testing• Sociological (Thomas Kuhn)
Problem Solving Processes
•Purpose•Problem•Prediction•Exp. Design•Materials•Procedure
•Evidence•Analysis•Evaluation•Synthesis
Scientific Attitudes (Nay and Kozlow)
• Critical-mindedness• Suspended judgment• Respect for evidence• Honesty• Objectivity• Willingness to change• Open-mindedness• Questioning attitudes
A Technology Emphasis
• Technological knowledge• Technological skills• Technological problem solving/design• Technological attitudes• Technology in science• Technology in society• Nature of technology
Technological Knowledge/Skills
Tech Knowledge• Products
baking soda• Processes
Solvay process
Tech Skills• Operational
lab burner
multimetercomputer
• Processestitrationfiltrationcrystallization
Tech Problem Solving/Attitudes
Technological Problem Solving
• Understanding the problem
• Developing the plan
• Carrying out the plan
• Evaluating
Tech Attitudes• Perseverance• Confidence• Critical mindedness• Creative disposition• Apprec. alternative
perspectives
Technology in Science & Society
Tech in Science• Parallel symbiotic
paths• Technology leads
science• Technology enables
science• Science is applied
to describe/explain technology
Tech in Society• Affects health• Affects material
lives (lifestyle)• Affects intellectual
lives (publishing)• “Tech fixes”• Efficiency cult
Tech Sci
Nature of Technology
Evaluation Criteria
• economical• efficient• reliable• simple
It works!
Societal Curriculum Emphasis
• Societal knowledge• Societal skills• Societal attitudes• Societal decision making• Society and science• Society and technology• Nature of society
Societal Attitudes (predispositions to act)
• Tolerance• Commitment to
understanding• Respect for
alternative views• Confidence in
thoughtful decision making
• Vigilance in persuing thoughtful decisions
• Appreciation and respect for thoughtful decisions
• Commitment to understanding the roles and limitations of science and technology
Perspectives on an STS Issue•Scientific•Technological•Ecological•Economic•Political
•Legal•Ethical•Social•Militaristic•Aesthetic•Mystical•EmotionalSTEEPLES STEEPLES
MAMEMAME
Decision Making Processes
• Identify and focus on the issue
• Formulate research questions
• Gather and organize evidence
• Analyze and evaluate evidence
• Resolve the issue• Apply the decision• Evaluate the
decision, the process and the action
Levels of Use for Perspectives
• Classify given perspective-statements
• Find +/- perspective statements and tally the number of each perspective
• Place personal value on statements• Make personal decision and state the
criteria used to make the decision• Participate in debate or townhouse
Advantage of STS Concept
Science
Technology
Society
K S A
Science in Society “Problems-1”
• Differentiating science and technology Fleming 1987
• Funding for scientific researchPolanyi 1988
• 50% of scientists employed by military Suzuki 1989
• Infighting for research moneySavan 1988
Science in Society “Problems-2”
• Breaches in scientific ethicsSavan 1988
• Courts misunderstanding of certaintyAikenhead 1985
• Public and private versions of scienceHolten 1978, Polanyi 1958
• Affect of powerful vested interestsRavetz 1971
• Affect of cultural values Gaskell 1982
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