Step Up To: Psychology by John J. Schulte, Psy.D. Psychology, Eighth Edition by David G. Myers Worth Publishers (2007)

Step Up To: PsychologyStep Up To: Psychologyby John J. Schulte, Psy.D.by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.

Psychology, Psychology, Eighth EditionEighth Edition

by David G. Myersby David G. Myers

Worth PublishersWorth Publishers

(2007)(2007)

Prologue: The Story of Prologue: The Story of PsychologyPsychology

Psychology’s roots

Early Science

Contemporary Psychology

Subfields

Study Skills

100

200

300

400

500

Psychology’s Roots

100

200

300

400

500

Early Science

100

200

300

400

500

Contemporary Psychology

100

200

300

400

500

SubFields

100

200

300

400

500

Study Skills

1. Psychology is defined as:1. Psychology is defined as:

• A) the study of behavior and mental processes.

• B) the study of behavior.

• C) the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

• D) the science of behavior and consequences.

2. Socrates and Plato were in 2. Socrates and Plato were in agreement that:agreement that:

• A) knowledge is something we are born with.

• B) knowledge is something taught and learned.

• C) the mind is the result of bodily fluids.

• D) the mind is the activity of the brain.

3. It was _____ who believed that the 3. It was _____ who believed that the mind grows from experiences in our mind grows from experiences in our memory.memory.

• A) Socrates

• B) Plato

• C) Descartes

• D) Aristotle

5.5. An essay of the political philosopher An essay of the political philosopher _____, arguing the mind is a blank _____, arguing the mind is a blank slate, helped form modern slate, helped form modern empiricism.empiricism.

• A) Bacon

• B) Locke

• C) Descartes

• D) Plato

6. The first psychological laboratory was 6. The first psychological laboratory was established by:established by:

• A) Wilhelm Wundt.

• B) Sigmund Freud.

• C) John Locke.

• D) B.F. Skinner.

7. Tichner believed in the method 7. Tichner believed in the method called ____ to investigate called ____ to investigate psychological processes.psychological processes.

• A) the experimental method

• B) cause-and-effect relationships

• C) introspection

• D) psychoanalysis

8. William James studied behavior 8. William James studied behavior based on how it was adaptive. He was based on how it was adaptive. He was heavily influenced by _____. heavily influenced by _____.

• A) John Locke

• B) Charles Darwin

• C) Sigmund Freud

• D) Francis Bacon

9. Mary Calkins was famous for:9. Mary Calkins was famous for:

• A) being the first female president of the APA.

• B) being a leading proponent of structuralism.

• C) being the first female graduate student, thanks to Titchner.

• D) all of the above.

10. The first textbook was written 10. The first textbook was written by: by:

• A) Washburn.

• B) Titchner.

• C) Wundt.

• D) James.

11. Watson and Skinner would be 11. Watson and Skinner would be in agreement in their:in agreement in their:

• A) high esteem of psychoanalysis.

• B) dismissal of introspection.

• C) definition of psychology as the study of behavior and mental processes.

• D) study of cognitive neuroscience.

12. Current psychology employs three 12. Current psychology employs three main levels of analysis, which include main levels of analysis, which include all of the following all of the following except:except:

• A) biological.

• B) psychological.

• C) psychoanalytical.

• D) social-cultural.

13. A psychologist explains human mate 13. A psychologist explains human mate selection in terms of helping the species to selection in terms of helping the species to continue. She is using the ____ continue. She is using the ____ perspective.perspective.

• A) social-cultural

• B) neuroscience

• C) evolutionary

• D) biological

14. In psychology, the current stand on 14. In psychology, the current stand on the nature-nurture controversy is:the nature-nurture controversy is:

• A) nurture works on what nature endows.

• B) learning is far more important than genetics.

• C) genetics is far more important than learning.

• D) we are born with a blank slate until learning occurs.

15. In studying anger, the psychologist who 15. In studying anger, the psychologist who views an anger outburst as an outlet for views an anger outburst as an outlet for unconscious hostility is coming from the ___ unconscious hostility is coming from the ___ perspective.perspective.

• A) neuroscience

• B) evolutionary

• C) cognitive

• D) psychodynamic

16. The psychologist most likely to 16. The psychologist most likely to treat mental disorders is the:treat mental disorders is the:

• A) counseling psychologist.

• B) clinical psychologist.

• C) personality psychologist.

• D) developmental psychologist.

17. The ___ has a medical degree and 17. The ___ has a medical degree and prescribes medication. prescribes medication.

• A) clinical psychologist

• B) neuropsychologist

• C) psychiatrist

• D) all of the above

18. You are a VP in a major corporation 18. You are a VP in a major corporation and need to hire a professional to help and need to hire a professional to help hire and train employees more effectively. hire and train employees more effectively. Your best choice would likely be a(n): Your best choice would likely be a(n):

• A) industrial/organizational psychologist.

• B) clinical psychologist.

• C) social psychologist.

• D) cognitive psychologist.

19. Research aimed at building 19. Research aimed at building psychology’s knowledge base is:psychology’s knowledge base is:

• A) applied research.

• B) academic research.

• C) basic research.

• D) theoretical research.

20. The psychological specialty most 20. The psychological specialty most likely to focus on applied research is:likely to focus on applied research is:

• A) Biological Psychology.

• B) Cognitive Psychology.

• C) Personality Psychology.

• D) Industrial/Organizational Psychology.

21. The correct order of the SQ3R 21. The correct order of the SQ3R method is:method is:

• A) survey, question, review, read, reflect.

• B) survey, question, read, review, reflect.

• C) survey, question, read, reorganize, regurgitate.

• D) study, question, re-study, re-read, review.

22. Your friend, Bob, tells you he only 22. Your friend, Bob, tells you he only studies the day before the test, so it is, studies the day before the test, so it is, “fresh”. You point out: “fresh”. You point out:

• A) short-term memory is more accurate than long-term memory.

• B) studying right before the test is better than the day before.

• C) spaced practice is more effective.

• D) as long as he follows the SQ3R model, he should do fine.

23. In class, you can listen actively by:23. In class, you can listen actively by:

• A) asking questions.

• B) write down main ideas.

• C) thinking about what is being said.

• D) all of the above.

24: Your text recommends the way to 24: Your text recommends the way to answer multiple-choice questions is to:answer multiple-choice questions is to:

• A) cover the answers first.

• B) weigh the potential of each answer.

• C) eliminate the wrong answers first.

• D) imagine how each answer could be the right one.

25. Over 100 years ago, _____ urged active 25. Over 100 years ago, _____ urged active listening, stating, listening, stating, “No reception without reaction, no impression without . . . expression.”

• A) Sigmund Freud

• B) William James

• C) John Locke

• D) Wilhelm Wundt

Stop here, or continue as a review

1. Psychology is defined as:1. Psychology is defined as:

• A) the study of behavior and mental processes.

• B) the study of behavior.

• C) the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

• D) the science of behavior and consequences.

2

2. Socrates and Plato were in 2. Socrates and Plato were in agreement that:agreement that:

• A) knowledge is something we are born with.

• B) knowledge is something taught and learned.

• C) the mind is the result of bodily fluids.

• D) the mind is the activity of the brain.

2

3. It was _____ who believed that the 3. It was _____ who believed that the mind grows from experiences in our mind grows from experiences in our memory.memory.

• A) Socrates

• B) Plato

• C) Descartes

• D) Aristotle

2

4. ____ believed the fluid in the 4. ____ believed the fluid in the cavities of the brain contained cavities of the brain contained “animal spirits”.“animal spirits”.

• A) Plato

• B) Bacon

• C) Aristotle

• D) Descartes

3

5.5. An essay of the political philosopher An essay of the political philosopher _____, arguing the mind is a blank _____, arguing the mind is a blank slate, helped form modern slate, helped form modern empiricism.empiricism.

• A) Bacon

• B) Locke

• C) Descartes

• D) Plato

3

6. The first psychological laboratory was 6. The first psychological laboratory was established by:established by:

• A) Wilhelm Wundt.

• B) Sigmund Freud.

• C) John Locke.

• D) B.F. Skinner.

4

7. Tichner believed in the method 7. Tichner believed in the method called ____ to investigate called ____ to investigate psychological processes.psychological processes.

• A) the experimental method

• B) cause-and-effect relationships

• C) introspection

• D) psychoanalysis

4

8. William James studied behavior 8. William James studied behavior based on how it was adaptive. He was based on how it was adaptive. He was heavily influenced by _____. heavily influenced by _____.

• A) John Locke

• B) Charles Darwin

• C) Sigmund Freud

• D) Francis Bacon

5

9. Mary Calkins was famous for:9. Mary Calkins was famous for:

• A) being the first female president of the APA.

• B) being a leading proponent of structuralism.

• C) being the first female graduate student, thanks to Titchner.

• D) all of the above.

5

10. The first textbook was written 10. The first textbook was written by: by:

• A) Washburn.

• B) Titchner.

• C) Wundt.

• D) James.

6

11. Watson and Skinner would be 11. Watson and Skinner would be in agreement in their:in agreement in their:

• A) high esteem of psychoanalysis.

• B) dismissal of introspection.

• C) definition of psychology as the study of behavior and mental processes.

• D) study of cognitive neuroscience.

7

12. Current psychology employs three 12. Current psychology employs three main levels of analysis, which include main levels of analysis, which include all of the following all of the following except:except:

• A) biological.

• B) psychological.

• C) psychoanalytical.

• D) social-cultural.

10

13. A psychologist explains human mate 13. A psychologist explains human mate selection in terms of helping the species to selection in terms of helping the species to continue. She is using the ____ continue. She is using the ____ perspective.perspective.

• A) social-cultural

• B) neuroscience

• C) evolutionary

• D) biological

11

14. In psychology, the current stand on 14. In psychology, the current stand on the nature-nurture controversy is:the nature-nurture controversy is:

• A) nurture works on what nature endows.

• B) learning is far more important than genetics.

• C) genetics is far more important than learning.

• D) we are born with a blank slate until learning occurs.

10

15. In studying anger, the psychologist who 15. In studying anger, the psychologist who views an anger outburst as an outlet for views an anger outburst as an outlet for unconscious hostility is coming from the ___ unconscious hostility is coming from the ___ perspective.perspective.

• A) neuroscience

• B) evolutionary

• C) cognitive

• D) psychodynamic

11

16. The psychologist most likely to 16. The psychologist most likely to treat mental disorders is the:treat mental disorders is the:

• A) counseling psychologist.

• B) clinical psychologist.

• C) personality psychologist.

• D) developmental psychologist.

12

17. The ___ has a medical degree and 17. The ___ has a medical degree and prescribes medication. prescribes medication.

• A) clinical psychologist

• B) neuropsychologist

• C) psychiatrist

• D) all of the above

13

18. You are a VP in a major corporation 18. You are a VP in a major corporation and need to hire a professional to help and need to hire a professional to help hire and train employees more effectively. hire and train employees more effectively. Your best choice would likely be a(n): Your best choice would likely be a(n):

• A) industrial/organizational psychologist.

• B) clinical psychologist.

• C) social psychologist.

• D) cognitive psychologist.

12

19. Research aimed at building 19. Research aimed at building psychology’s knowledge base is:psychology’s knowledge base is:

• A) applied research.

• B) academic research.

• C) basic research.

• D) theoretical research.

12

20. The psychological specialty most 20. The psychological specialty most likely to focus on applied research is:likely to focus on applied research is:

• A) Biological Psychology.

• B) Cognitive Psychology.

• C) Personality Psychology.

• D) Industrial/Organizational Psychology.

13

21. The correct order of the SQ3R 21. The correct order of the SQ3R method is:method is:

• A) survey, question, review, read, reflect.

• B) survey, question, read, review, reflect.

• C) survey, question, read, reorganize, regurgitate.

• D) study, question, re-study, re-read, review.

15

22. Your friend, Bob, tells you he only 22. Your friend, Bob, tells you he only studies the day before the test, so it is, studies the day before the test, so it is, “fresh”. You point out: “fresh”. You point out:

• A) short-term memory is more accurate than long-term memory.

• B) studying right before the test is better than the day before.

• C) spaced practice is more effective.

• D) as long as he follows the SQ3R model, he should do fine.

15

23. In class, you can listen actively by:23. In class, you can listen actively by:

• A) asking questions.

• B) write down main ideas.

• C) thinking about what is being said.

• D) all of the above.

16

24: Your text recommends the way to 24: Your text recommends the way to answer multiple-choice questions is to:answer multiple-choice questions is to:

• A) cover the answers first.

• B) weigh the potential of each answer.

• C) eliminate the wrong answers first.

• D) imagine how each answer could be the right one.

16

25. Over 100 years ago, _____ urged active 25. Over 100 years ago, _____ urged active listening, stating, listening, stating, “No reception without reaction, no impression without . . . expression.”

• A) Sigmund Freud

• B) William James

• C) John Locke

• D) Wilhelm Wundt

16

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

• Step Up Created by:– John J. Schulte, Psy.D.

• Based on Psychology, Eighth Edition

• By David G. Myers• Published by• Worth Publishers

(2007)

AnswersAnswers

1. C

2. A

3. D

4. D

5. B

6. A

7. C

8. B

9. A

10. D

11. B

12. C

13. C

14. A

15. D

16. B

17. C

18. A

19. C

20. D

21. B

22. C

23. D

24. A

25. B