STEM AND THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS FOR LEADERSHIP.

STEM AND THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS FOR LEADERSHIP

Outcomes

Learn to develop a shared understanding of STEM education

Develop a working knowledge of research-based effective learning experiences in science inquiry, mathematics problem-solving and engineering

Immerse themselves in the processes of science through

an engaging scenario modeling instructional practices to deepen their understanding of teaching and learning in the STEM fields

Focus on how an instructional leader can best support his or her teachers of science, technology and mathematics through a study of best practices emerging in the research.

Ice Breaker

21st Century Teaching and Learning

Why, What, and How?

Why STEM?

STEM

Science Technology Engineering Math

MathScience

Technology

Engineering

STEM education is the intentional interdisciplinary approach to learning where the core curriculum is coupled

with real-world project-based learning

using the Engineering Design Process to develop

STEM Literacy.

STEM Literacy

STEM literacy is the ability to identify, apply, and integrate concepts from science, technology, engineering and mathematics to understand complex problems and to innovate to solve them.

Adapted from Building a Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Agenda, National Governor’s Association, 2009.

10

“…a design- or project-based learning approach that intentionally integrates content and process of science and/or mathematics education with content and process of technology and engineering education….…STEM education may be enhanced through further integration of all subjects, such as language arts, social studies, art, etc."

(Sanders & Wells, 2010)

STEAM

STEM Classrooms

A STEM classrooms shifts learners away from memorizing rote procedures and discrete pieces of phenomena and toward investigating and questioning the interrelated facets of the world.

12critically, analytically and

systematically

STEM is a way of thinking….

Engineering Design Process

Engineering is Key

What engineers do?14

What is the key process(es) that mathematicians engage in?

What is the key process(es) that scientists engage in?

What is the key process(es) that engineers engage in?

Technology Literacy

is the ability to use new technologies, understand

how new technologies are developed, and have skills

to analyze how new technologies affect us, our

nation, and the world.

Engineering Literacy

is the ability to use the systematic and creative application of scientific and mathematic principles to practical ends, such as the design, manufacture, and operation of efficient and economical structures, machines, processes, and systems.

Mathematical Literacy

is the ability to analyze, reason, and communicate ideas effectively through posing, formulating, solving, and interpreting solutions to mathematical problems in a variety of situations.

Adapted from Building a Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Agenda, National Governor’s Association, 2009.

Science Literacy

is the ability to use knowledge in physics, chemistry, biology,

and earth/space science to understand the natural world

and to participate in decisions that affect it.

Scientists and Engineers16

Scientists seek technical answers to understand / describe / predict natural phenomenon

Engineers study technical problems with a practical application always in mind

For example: Scientists might study atomic structure to

understand the nature of matter; engineers might study atomic structure to make smaller and faster microchips

Engineering is Everywhere

What is Technology?

Man-Made Nature

Team Roles & Tasks

Recorder – Use sticky notes to record actions/verbs, questions, and other

Gate Keeper – keeps team members focused on the task

Time Keeper – communicates the time available to complete the task

Materials:

15 sheets of copy paper

Challenge: Build a Paper Tower

Be as tall as possible Free standing

Online Stopwatch

Diagram the Engineering Design Process Build a diagram of the process used to

complete the challenge Use sticky notes to record actions/verbs,

questions, and other Sort these into similar groups (what are

characteristics of the group?) Place the groups on chart paper, use lines

show the process used in the challenge Explain the process (“think aloud”) Write a definition of the engineering

design process

Video

Benefits of Engineering in the Classroom

• Encourages students to utilize higher order thinking skills

• Allows students to apply what they have learned in other subject areas

• Encourages creativity and innovation • Is interdisciplinary• Facilitates cooperative learning and

teamwork • Is intrinsically motivating and engaging!

Encourages Higher Order Thinking Skills

Analyzing identifying design problems,

organizing ideas, developing data representations

Evaluating choosing materials, debating with teammates,

deciding on a course of action, testing designs, assessing failures

Creating generating new ideas, designing solutions,

hypothesizing what will happen, constructing models, redesigning models

Engineering is about Application

Engineering helps students answer the age old question “When will I ever use that?”

Engineering lets students experience hands-on application of concepts learned in other subjects which may enhance understanding1

Engineering allow teachers to become facilitators of knowledge in the learning process by allowing their students to work collaboratively on student driven, inquiry based problems

[1] Schaefer, Malinda R., Sullivan, Jacquelyn F. and Yowell, Janet L. (2003) "Standards-Based Engineering Curricula as a Vehicle for K-12 Science and Math Integration,“ Proceedings, Frontiers in Education Annual Conference, Boulder, CO, pp. F3A-1-F3A-5

Fosters Creativity and Innovation

brainstorm ideas develop novel solutions to open-ended

problems examine a problem from numerous angles work collaboratively predict what will happen test and experiment troubleshoot reflect on successes and failures communicate results

Making The Strange Familiar: Creativity and the Future of Engineering Education. Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition

Engineering is Interdisciplinary!Engineering is a great way to reinforce content taught in subject areas including:

ScienceMathTechnologyLanguage ArtsSocial Studies/History

STEAM includes fine arts, music, art, etc.

Engineering Fosters Teamwork

Students can work in small groups

Students can be assigned different roles

Students learn listening skills

Compromise

Engineering is Intrinsically Motivating and Engaging!

Engineering positively impacts our world which is appealing to students, especially girls1

Engineering can be a great hook for reinforcing concepts in other disciplines

Engineering activities take a hands-on approach that can be very motivating and rewarding for students

Engineering excites students because it deals with the products and technologies they use in their everyday lives[1] Source: Extraordinary Women Engineers Project

Engineering is fun!

Scientific Inquiry Process (SIP)

or

Engineering Design Process (EDP)

Scientific Inquiry Process (SIP)

Engineering Design Process (EDP)

Exploration/Observation Exploration/ObservationIdentify Research Question

Identify problem (with constraints)

Gather Information Gather Information

Brainstorm possible solutions

Construct a hypothesis Design the prototype

Designing the study (method)

Build the prototype

Do the experiment Test the prototype

Analyze results Evaluate results

Revise hypothesis Optimization of product

Communicate results Communicate Results

End Result: End Result:

Identify the part of the EDP process

Engineering Design Process (EDP)Exploration/ObservationIdentify problem (with constraints)

Gather Information

Brainstorm possible solutions

Design the prototype

Build the prototype

Test the prototype

Evaluate results

Optimization of product

Communicate Results

Identify the part of the EDP process

Engineering Design Process (EDP)

Ask Exploration/Observation

Ask Identify problem (with constraints)

Ask Gather Information

Imagine Brainstorm possible solutions

Plan Design the prototype

Create Build the prototype

Create Test the prototype

Create/Improve

Evaluate results

Improve Optimization of product

All Communicate Results

A pithy quote by a famous engineer

37

“The scientist describes what is: the engineer creates what never was.”

Theodor von KármánBiogr. Mem. FRS 26 (1980) 110

HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW ABOUT EDP?

http://prezi.com/jc95rx45oomf/edp-prezi-game/

3-2-1 Summary of EDP

3 New understandings I have about EDP

2 Essential elements of the engineering design process

1 Thing I can take back to my school

INTEGRATING THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS

DAY 2

Outcomes

Learn to develop a shared understanding of STEM education

Develop a working knowledge of research-based effective learning experiences in science inquiry, mathematics problem-solving and engineering

Immerse themselves in the processes of science through

an engaging scenario modeling instructional practices to deepen their understanding of teaching and learning in the STEM fields

Focus on how an instructional leader can best support his or her teachers of science, technology and mathematics through a study of best practices emerging in the research.

NASA Introduction

ASK

Understand the need: What is the problem? What do we want to accomplish? What are the project requirements? What are the limitations? Who is the customer? What is our goal? Gather information and conduct research - talking to people from many different backgrounds.

Imagine

Brainstorm different designs: Imagine and brainstorm ideas. Be creative; build upon the wild and crazy ideas of others. Investigate existing technologies and methods to use. Explore, compare and analyze many possible solutions.

Plan

Draw a diagram of your idea. How will it work? What environmental and cultural considerations will you evaluate? What materials and tools are needed? What analyses must you do? How will you test it to make sure it works?

Create

Assign team tasks. Build a prototype and test it against your design objectives. Push yourself for creativity, imagination and excellence in design. Does it work? Analyze and talk about what works, what doesn't and what could be improved.

Improve

Discuss how you could improve your product. Make revisions. Draw new designs. Iterate your design to make your product the best it can be.

What do Students need to Know, be able to Do

and Understand to apply the EDP?

The Path to Higher-Level Thinking Through Questioning

Mastery

Skinny Questions High Consensus Review Questions

Critical Thinking Skills

Fat Questions Low Consensus True

What is the…Problem?

Challenge?Need?

What if…?

How do we…?

Can we try…?What if…?

Brainstorming Strategies

http://olc.spsd.sk.ca/DE/PD/instr/strats/brainstorming/index.htmlWhat not to do: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttWhK-NO4g8How to Brainstorm effectively http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1h5L_0rFz8

COLLABORATION/TEAMING

Why is this important to EDP?

Cup Stacking Team-Building Activity

Materials: 15 foam or plastic cups A rubber band with strings attached

Cup Stacking Team-Building Activity

Goal: Build a pyramid using the cups within a 10-minute time limit.

The pyramid will begin with 4 cups in a row at the base, 3 cups on the next row, then 2 and finally 1 cup at the top.

Cup Stacking Team-Building Activity

Rules:Group members may not touch the cups with their hands or any part of their body, even if the cups fall.

Each person may only hold the end of 1 string attached to the rubber band.

Group members must work together to stretch and relax the rubber band to grab each cup and place the cup in the right place.

Cup Stacking Team-Building Activity

Strategize with your team before starting the activity again.

Did your teamwork improve this time? How and why did it improve?

Why is good communication important to accomplishing this task?

Online Stopwatch

What made your team effective?Brainstorm a listChoose the most effective

characteristicShare with the group

As you watch this clip about a similar task, look for what characteristics were exhibited by the most successful teams…

Video: http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/tom_wujec_build_a_tower.html

What characteristics were exhibited by the most successful teams?

Other a-ha moments?

Metaphors and Analogies

Activities are…

Using the Engineering Design Process in an challenge is….

ONLINE Resources

Click icon to add picture

Reflections

UNWRAPPING ENGINEERING IS ELEMENTARY ENGINEERING DESIGN CHALLENGES

Day 3

Engineering is Elementary

Learning Behaviors in STEM

Increased interest in science and technology Improved teamwork skills Shared responsibility Appreciating the role of science in the real world Knowing how things work in the man-made

world Knowing how things work in the natural Overcoming a fear of failure Understanding Concepts as opposed to

memorizing them

Learning Behaviors in STEM

Applying learned content knowledge in a new context

Willing to take risks in order to advance an idea

Being willing to pursue a new direction Discovering and Improving one’s new talents

and skills Making decisions based on criteria and data Understanding the importance of controlled

and varied parameters

Learning Behaviors in STEM

Experiencing the reality of no “right answer”; look for a “best answer”

Developing skills of innovation Thinking in unconstrained ways or

“outside the box” Appreciating critical feedback

Classroom Management For Successful EDP Lessons

Assure essential and successful content/background knowledge

Students have clear understanding of the goal or problem

Decide how students are grouped

Create guidelines for “professional courtesy” for positive and negative feedback among peers

Create classroom norms and review before each session

Test design challenges to ensure success

Help students deal with failure by assuring them they cannot fail or be wrong as long as they try their best and document their efforts

Manage the class by circulating from group to group, asking students non-threatening questions about what they are attempting to do

Use a conversational, non-adversarial tone when discussing with teams.

Classroom Management For Successful EDP Lessons

Classroom Management For Successful EDP Lessons

Emphasis that competition is not the primary objective; rather a good design is the targeted goal

Encourage the completion of a least two design iterations

Draw out what students are thinking using leading questions.. “Have you thought about….? What if you tried?”

Classroom Management For Successful EDP Lessons

Achieve a classroom working hum Make sure that all students/teams receive

feed back on their designs and presentations Coach students on effective presentation

skills Coach students in how to present an

effective oral or written report of their work Encourage students, when needed, to seek

outside expertise and advice from external resources and partners.

Assessment Rubrics

Guide to Creating an Assessment Rubric

Sample Rubric

Planning Next Steps