Steel Connections
Post on 06-Jan-2016
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Steel ConnectionsProgram to calculate steel structures connections
according to EC3 and DIN18800
Steel Connections
The theoretic basis of the program covers the following types of joints:
1. Nominally pinned joints2. Rigid joints3. Semi-Rigid joints4. Full strength joints5. Partial strength joints
Theoretic Analysis Overview
The program classifies the beam to column joints by their stiffness in:
1. rigid2. semi rigid and3. nominally pinned joints.
The program Steel Connections calculates and designs connections in steel frames. The analysis and the dimensioning is based upon either EC3 or DIN 18800.
Steel Connections
Analysis TechniquesType of joint model Method of global analysis Classification criterion Used connections
Simple All Stiffness Nominally pinned
Strength Nominally pinned
Continuous Elastic Stiffness Rigid
Nominally pinned
Rigid Plastic Strength Full strength
Nominally pinned
Elastic - Plastic Stiffness Rigid
Nominally pinned
Strength Full strength
Nominally pinned
Semi continuous Elastic Stiffness Semi Rigid
Rigid
Nominally pinned
Rigid Plastic Strength Partial strength
Full strength
Nominally pinned
Elastic Plastic Stiffness Semi Rigid
Rigid
Nominally pinned
Strength Partial strength
Full strength
Nominally pinned
Steel Connections
Connection Classification
By Stiffness
1. Rigid2. Semi-rigid3. Nominally pinned
By Strength
1. Full-Strength2. Partial-Strength3. Nominally pinned
Steel Connections
Rotational Stiffness (Sj)
The rotational stiffness of the joint is being determined from the flexibilities of its basic components each represented by its elastic stiffness coefficient ki.
The results related with rotational stiffness and all the ki coefficients (where ever needed) appear in the output forms of the program.
Ki is the stiffness coefficient for basic joint component i
i ri
reff
k
k
,
, 11
eq
rrreff
eq z
hkk
,
i i
j
k
EzS
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2
and
A beam-to-column joint may be classified as rigid, nominally pinned or semi-rigid according to its stiffness, by determining it’s initial rotational stiffness Sj,ini
Steel Connections
Classification by Stiffness
Init.Rotat. Stiffness. Sj,ini Braced frames Unbraced frames
Rigid Sj,ini > 8 E I b /Lb Sj,ini > 25 E I b /Lb
Nominally Pinned Sj,ini < 0.5 E I b /LbSj,ini < 0.5 E I b / Lb
Ib/Lb: Ratio of second moment of area of beam to spam of beam
Zone 2: Semi -rigid
M
Boundary 1
Zone 1: Rigid
Zone 3: Nominally pinned
Boundary 2
M-Φ Diagram
Steel Connections
Classification by Strength
A beam-to-column joint may be classified as full-strength, nominally pinned or partial strength by comparing its moment resistance with the moment resistances of the members that it joins.
Full Strength: Mj,Rd> Mpl,Rd,b
Partial Strength: Mj,Rd< Mpl,Rd,b
Nominally Pinned: Mj,Rd < 0.25 Mpl,Rd,b
Steel connection computes Mpl,Rd of beam, and informs the user for the connection classification according to strength.
Steel Connections
Connection Resistance - Basic Components (1)
The strength of the connection is being calculated using the strength of the connections components which are named “Basic Components”.
For the beam to column moment connectionStrength of welded joints
The strength of the connection is being calculated using the following "basic components":
1. The strength of the column web panel in shear (Vwp,Rd)2. The strength of the column web in compression (Fc,wc,Rd)3. The strength of the column web in tension (Ft,wc,Rd)4. The strength of the column flange in bending(Ft,fc,Rd)5. The strength of the beam flange and web in compression (Fc,fb,Rd)6. The strength of the beam web in tension (Ft,wb,Rd)7. The lever arm (z)8. The strength of the welds.
Strength of bolted connections
The strength of the connection is being calculated using the previous plus the following "basic components":
1. The strength of the end plate in bending (Ft,ep,Rd)2. The strength of the bolts in tension, in shear and in bearing3. The lever arm (z).
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ftbF
Steel Connections
Connection Resistance - Basic Components (3)
For the Beam to Column connection with angle cleats
1. Bolt's resistance in Shear2. Cleat's resistance in Bearing3. Strength of Cleat in Shear4. Strength of Cleat in Rupture5. Strength of Beam in Shear6. Strength of Beam in Moment7. Column's Web in Bearing
For the Foundation Connection
1. Anchor's Resistance in Tension2. Anchors Resistance in Shear3. Resist. of Footing Pl. in Bearing4. Concrete Resistance in Compression5. Column's Resistance in Compression6. Footing Plate Resistance in Tension7. Resistance of The Welds
Steel Connections
Connection Resistance - Basic Components (4)
For the Beam Splice Connection
1. Bolt's Resistance in Shear2. Bolt's Resistance in Bearing3. Strength of Bolts in Shear4. Strength of flange Plate in Tension5. Strength of web Plate in Shear6. Welds Resistance of Flange Plate7. Strength of plate in rupture8. Strength of beam in rupture
For the Tube Splice Connection
1. Effective Length per Bolt2. Resistance in Compression3. Resistance in Tension4. Resist. of Compressioned Bolt in Shear5. Resist. of Tensioned Bolt in Shear6. Resistance of Bolt in Bearing7. Welds Stresses
Steel Connections
Connection Resistance - Basic Components (5)
For the Truss joint connection with Plate
1. Bolt's resistance in Shear2. Member's Resistance in Bearing3. Member's Resistance in Rupture4. Member's Resistance in Axial5. Plate's Resistance in Bearing6. Plate's Resistance in Moment7. Plate's Resistance in Axial8. Plate's Resistance in Shear9. Weld's Resistance in Moment10.Weld's Resistance in Axial11.Weld's Resistance in Shear
For the K or N type joint
1. Resistance in Chord Face Failure2. Resistance in Brace Failure3. Resistance of Chord in Shear4. Resistance in Punching Shear5. Resistance in Chord's Web Stability6. Resistance of Chord in Shear NoRd
Steel Connections
Equivalent T-stub – Bolted joints
In bolted joints the flange of an equivalent T-stub may be used to model the resistance of the following basic components:
1. column flange in bending2. end-plate in bending3. flange cleat in bending
Steel Connections
Failure modes of actual componentsand equivalent T-stub flanges
The “Actual component” the “Equivalent T-stub” the “Force diagram” and the “Moment diagram” are presented for three different failure modes.
Note:
It is important to state that this program cannot be used to check the strength of the members of a steel frame.
The program only checks the member’s components very near to the connection and it assumes that a member’s check is already been done.
Steel Connections
Steel Connections
The Program
Steel Connections
Main Menu
Command Menu
Main window
Warning MessagesCurrent state messages
Steel Connections
Support programs
Steel Connections
Section
Database
Graphic section’s representation
Sections list
Required Data
Ser – ManagerManipulate all program’s section properties
(change values or add-create user defined sections)
Steel Connections
DXF output
Simple step generation of dxf filesfor every connection.
Scales database
The program can be used undependably from Steel Connections
Steel Connections
Pre-solved connections library (DIN 18800)
Multiple search criteria
Results presentation
Graphic connection representation
Is a very useful feature for searching for a connection that satisfies specific criteria
Steel Connections
Reading Nodes from a SOFiSTiK Database
Select analysis nodes, from a SOFiSTiK database, to import in Steel Connections.The selected nodes will be regarded as connections in the program.The selection is made graphically.
Steel Connections
Translate Nodes to Connections
If the user wishes to manually change or declare the members that take part in the connection he must simply right click on the desired member and select it from the popup menu.
The Program tries to automatically define the members that take part in the connection for each node selected.
Steel Connections
Reading Loads from a SOFiSTiK Database
Import loads from SOFiSTiK database
Steel Connections
Optimization(Automatic optimum calculation for the“Beam to column moment connection”)
Compute maximumor optional strength
Input loads fromSOFiSTiK databases
Manipulation of possible allowed reinforcements
Design restrictions regarding bolts (number of rows, type or quality)
Results representation. Both list and graphical
Steel Connections
Connection selection
Graphic view
Button selection and details
Steel Connections
Analysis
Steel Connections
Foundation connectionwith or without shear elements
K or N type joints
Beam to column bolted connection.Flush or extended end plate configuration
Apex connection by flush or extended end plate
Truss joint with plate
Beam to columnwelded connection
Beam to column connection with angle cleats
Beam splice connection
Beam to beam connection by angle cleats
Tube spliceconnection
Supported Connection Types
Steel Connections
Data Input
InteractivePreview Window
Graphic representationof all geometric data
Simplified “Input Data” forms
Steel Connections
Bolts calculations
Independentdata manipulation
Fully user customizedbolt distances
Automatic boltlayout generation
Steel Connections
Graphic Results Layout
Representation of most common used results, according to connection’s elements checks
Graphic representations where ever needed
Ability to handle multiple analysis results, at the same time, for comparison
Steel Connections
Connection ClassificationAccording to Stiffness
Design Moment-RotationCharacteristic
Zone 1 Boundary
Zone 3 BoundaryM-Φ diagram
Initial rotational stiffness of the joint
Steel Connections
Full Results Printout
Ability to produce fullycustomizable result files.
The files can be stored for use in later time, or either modified with a simple text editor.
The user have access to all the program’s strength results.According to the design code used for the analysis (EC3 or DIN18800) the connection’s "basic components“ strength is presented as well as all the calculations needed by the design code.
Steel Connections
Example(Beam to column moment connection)
Dimensioning of the basic components that form the connections on top left corner of the structure.
The structure was already solved by SOFiSTiK programs.
There is no restriction regarding the analysis type (eg: elastic, elastoplastic, serviceability, ultimate strength)
Steel Connections
1. Select connection type
2. Add nodes from SOFiSTiK database
Steel Connections
3. Check selected nodes
Steel Connections
4. Add SOFiSTiK loadcases
Presentation of nodes/loadcases
Every kind of loads can be applied to Steel Connections.There is no restriction regarding analysis type (e.g. serviceability, ultimate strength, elastic, elastoplastic)
Steel Connections
5. Bolt layout
Steel Connections
6. Results overview
Errors regarding strength of basic component's strength.The designed connection is not sufficient.
dbl click for more info
Steel Connections
7. Results evaluation for every node-loadcase
Steel Connections
8. Automatic correction of connection - Optimization
Steel Connections
9. Optimization results overview
1
1
1
2
1. Optimization results2. Transfer selected result to
Steel Connections for further processing
Steel Connections
10. Optimized connection’s results overview
No error ratios.Optimum design –> Ratios close to 1
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