Steady State Analysis Of A Microgrid Connected To A Power System Presentation by Program FoS School Ramesh Paudel EPSM Energy SERD 1.
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Steady State Analysis Of A Microgrid Connected To A Power System
Presentation by Program FoS School
Ramesh PaudelEPSMEnergySERD
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Presentation Outline
Conventional Power SystemFuture Electric Power SystemDistributed Generation?Microgrid and Its ArchitectureObjectives of the Study Flowchart of the MethodologyTest Systems and Modes of OperationResultsConclusion
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Conventional Power System
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Pollution
End user0.91 kW
T & D Loss = 0.9 kW
Fuel 100%
33% delivered electricity
Power Plant
67% Total Waste
Line Losses 9%
Generation1 kW
Conventional Power System
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Effects of Emission
Pollutant
Local Effect Global Effect
NOx, SOx
Particulate Matter
CO2, CH4
Acid Rain
Smug
Green House Effect
More underground fault conditions in
older cables
More overhead damage due to harsh
storms
Demand increases for heating & pumping in
winter & air conditioning in
summer
Climate Change
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Future Electric Power System
Small Hydro Solar
Power
PlantBiomass
Off Shore Wind Farm
Hydro Power
Station
Low Emission
Plant Local Control Center
Microgrid
Underground Cable
Solar
Wave Energy
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Distributed Generation?
Advantages
Concern about climate change.
Improve power quality and system reliability.
Reduce transmission and distribution line losses.
Constraints on construction of new transmission lines.
Relatively low capital cost compared to centralized generation due to
avoided T&D capacity upgrades.
Disadvantages
With faults in system, DG has to be disconnected from grid. Loads
will be cut off from power.
Distributed or dispersed generation may be defined as a generating
resource, other than central generating station, that is placed close to
load being served, usually at customer site.
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Microgrid
“Microgrid” is an independent entity which combines loads and
distributed generators and can be controlled locally instead of
central dispatch of grid.
Microgrid follows grid rules and separates itself from distribution
system during disturbances without harming integrity of
distribution network.
Customers will be able to enjoy an uninterrupted power supply
with enhanced reliability and better power quality thereby
meeting their demand for power as well as heat.
From utility prospective MG helps in congestion management,
manage local power requirement and voltage support and delay
requirement of new power plants.
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Microgrid Architecture
HL
HL
Sensitive Loads
Adjustable Loads
Shade-able Loads
Grid Supply
HL
Point of common coupling Static switch
Reciprocating engine
Circuit breaker Heat load Fuel cell
Electronic interface PV panel Micro turbine
Electric wires Protection data
Communication data
A
B
C
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Objectives of the Study Siting of MG within a distribution
system.
To find optimal size DGs in MG.
Interaction between MG and
distribution system during Normal supply condition
Island operation.
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Flow Chart of MethodologyStart
End
Read input data
Run distribution load flow in base case.
Find suitable location of MG based on loss sensitivity factor.
Find optimal size of DGs and their location in MG using loss optimization technique.
Analyze performance of MG and distribution system under various operating conditions.
Print results
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Test Systems and Modes of Operation
1 2
3
4
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24 26 28
25 27 29 30 31 32 331 2 3
4 7
5
6
11
9
10
15
13
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41
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24
25
28
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37
33
22 26 31
38 42 46 49 51 53 55
8 12 16 20
18
23 27 32 36 40 45
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30 34 39 48 50 5244 54 56 58 60 64
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62
47
57 59 61 65 66 6763 68 69
IEEE 33 Bus System
IEEE 69 Bus System
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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24 26 28
25 27 29 30 31 32 33
IEEE 33 Bus System with Microgrid
IEEE 33 Bus System with Microgrid Isolated from
Distribution Network
2.378 MW 0.8725 MW
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ResultsSl no Particular Real power loss
(kW)Reactive power loss
(kVAR)
1 Conventional system 211.2 143.21
2 MG connected to power system
113.51 96.81
3 Percentage reduction in loss
46.25 32.4
Generation saving 107.35
kW
CO2 emission reduction
1109 ton/yr
Line 1-2 Line 2-4 Line 4-60
50
100
150
200
250Conventional systemDistribution system with MG
Branch
Cu
rren
t (A
)
Loss reduction
93.69 kW
Network with MG
Annual Energy saving 940
MWhr
Loss Reduction
Feeder Loading Capacity
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Results
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.9
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.98
1 Voltage Profile
Conventional system
Distribution system with MG
MG- Isolated mode of operation
Bus No
Volt
ag
e
Pro
file
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Conclusion A methodology has been developed to identify a possible location of
MG in a distribution system. Placement of DGs is done for optimal
system loss.
System loss can be reduced nearly by 46% with the introduction of MG
into distribution system. Less electricity to be generated and hence
less emission.
Voltage profile of the system is greatly enhanced. Better performance
of electrical devices.
Feeder loading capacity is increased. Postpone construction of new
lines.
Isolated mode of operation of MG ensures an uninterrupted power
supply to loads. Consumers can enjoy good quality of power supply
without any interruption.
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Substations
Solar Cells
EDLC
D.G, Battery, Control
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Thank you for your attention!
SAVE ENERGY.WE HAVE ONLY ONE EARTH TO LIVE IN.
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