Start-ups, incubators and technology transfer: lessons learned from previous experiences
Post on 22-Apr-2015
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Session 2:Start-ups, incubators and technology
transfer: lessons learned from previous experiences
Rigas ARVANITIS , IRD
A general move
Incubators, clusters, technoparks, networks…• A general move from the in close relationship
with the following phenomena– growth of ICTs and new technologies– importance of new "extension" activities of
universities– Tech transfer between research and production– Regional industrial policies and decentralization
Variety of forms
• Technoparks and technopoles• Technology transfer units in universities,
engineering schools, • Funding start-ups: venture capital, credit
schemes• Engineering networks• Intermediate technical centres• Business associations related to innovation and
tech dev.
Fast growing experiences
• In most European countries and in the USA:• The Silicon Valley sindrome• Entrepreneurial universities (as a goal)• Large consensus on the need to trigger new
economic sources for employment• Innovation policy: very much related to large
firms• Need for specific dedicated programs for SMEs
In the developing world• Brazil, China, Mexico• Very diverse experiences (examples)
• Smaller countries have emphasized :– ICTs– Technoparks
• Larger countries: close relation to industrial policy
In the Mediterranean
• Many experiences in MENA countries• Two opposite examples– Tunisia– Morocco
• When comparing experiences, differences rather due to policy and industrial background rather than ‘cultural’ aspects
At least two differences (1/2°
FIRST MAJOR DIFFERENCE1.Start-ups, companies related to tech transfers
from large universities and R&D centres2.Companies incubated under a common roof,
sharing common services (fair, support centre, infrastructure, legal & other services)
At least two differences (2/2)
SECOND MAJOR DIFFERENCE1.Pre-existing geographical proximity and
industrial localization (‘marshalian district’)2.‘Clustering’ created de novo from scrath
(usually as a technopark, university incubator or policy-oriented localized grouping).
A management and policy issue
‘Incubators’ are among other things:• A management issue related to innovation and
entrepreneurship• A policy issue related to the institutional
environment
Both are different when seen from the eyes of an entreprise or a policy-maker
Technological learning of companies
• Incubators and clusters are related to the capacity of entreprises to adopt, adapt, and develop technologies
• ‘technological learning’ rather than innovation should be the main focus
• ‘localizing’ competence seems of paramount experience (‘root the experience locally’)
• Never forget: innovation is not only a local affaire!
Thank you !
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