Standard 10.9 Review 2011-2012 1. Nuclear Weapons The U.S. detonated its first nuclear weapon in 1945. The Soviet Union detonated their first nuclear.

Standard 10.9 Review

2011-2012

1

Nuclear Weapons

• The U.S. detonated its first nuclear weapon in 1945.

• The Soviet Union detonated their first nuclear weapon in 1949.

• How many years passed between?

2

Yalta

• United States, United Kingdom (Great Britain), and Soviet Union

3

Cold War Causes

• Proliferation of nuclear weapons and technology

• Communism vs. Democracy

4

Soviet Union

• Soviet goals for establishing control over the governments in Eastern Europe– Promote the spread of Communism to other

countries– Rebuild its economy using materials and

equipment from Eastern Europe– Protect Soviet borders and balance U.S. influence

in Western Europe

5

Truman Doctrine

• Motivated by the “domino theory”, the U.S. gave military aid to North African countries after WWII to fight communism.

• Justification for Korean War and Vietnam War.

6

Marshall Plan

• In an effort to prevent an economic downturn in Europe after WWII, the U.S. offered European countries assistance with the Marshall Plan.

• Italy and France received economic aid from the U.S. to rebuild their nations after WWII.

• The U.S. used economic power in an attempt to limit the ability of the Soviet Union to influence countries there.

7

Containment

• Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan were both part of containment policy.

• Primary strategy of containment was giving aid to keep a country independent.

8

Japan

• Post-WWII Allied reconstruction effects– Japan became more of a western society– Japan became an industrial and manufacturing

leader by the mid-1970s– Japan became an economic and financial leader

by the 1960s

9

Kobe, Japan

Third World Countries

• U.S. provided backing for wars of revolution• Used the CIA for spying and assassination

attempts• Built schools and set up programs to combat

poverty

10

Vietnam

• The U.S. went into Vietnam due to the policy of containment.

• Considered a microcosm of larger Cold War because the U.S. and Russia supported opposite sides in an effort to gain regional influence

11

Chile

• Cold War policies caused the U.S. to back military dictator Pinochet instead of freely elected Allende.

12

China• Mao’s Red Army was strong

due to public support for Mao’s proposed land reform.

• The U.S. supported the Kuomintang (KMT) over the Communist Party because they were the legal anti-communist government.

• Mao Tse-tung introduced The Great Leap Forward in order to speed up economic growth.

13

China 2

• Tiananmen Square Uprising marked the beginning of a government campaign to stamp out protest in China.

• A major goal of China’s Cultural Revolution was to glorify workers while intellectuals were prosecuted

14

Poland-1950s

• 1950s protests against communism resulted in getting the right to follow its own socialist path in exchange for remaining loyal to the Warsaw Pact.

15

Brezhnev Doctrine

• After putting down the Hungarian Uprising following the death of Josef Stalin, the Soviet Union instated the Brezhnev Doctrine.

• Czechoslovakia in 1968 tried to rebel and was put down by Soviet military.

16

Middle East

• Palestinians, Jews, and Arabs all claim the same region of the M.E. as their current homeland because all three lay claim to a previous residence in the region.

17

Israel

• Partitioning of Palestine was done in part due to post-WWII sympathy for Jews

• Israel was established to give Jewish refugees a place to go and call their own

18

Democratization in the Soviet Union

• Mikhail Gorbachev began reforms that led to a gradual opening of the political system and finally its collapse.

• Policies of perestroika and glasnot led to loss of control of the media which hastened the collapse of the Soviet Union

19

Soviet Command Economy

• Inferior to Western free market systems– Little production of consumer goods– Most industry owned by state with little incentive

to run more efficiently– Unable to make rapid changes

• Kremlims tried to keep up with U.S. military spending

20

Organizations

• OAS– Purpose was to protect weaker Latin American

countries in Western Hemisphere from Soviet influence

• CENTO– Great Britain and the U.S.’s plan to stop the

spread of communism in eastern Asia• SEATO– South Asia plan to stop communism

21

Democracy vs. Communism

• NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)– Against communism

• Warsaw Pact– Response to NATO: against democracy

22

United Nations

• Main goal is peace, human dignity, and welfare.

23