Transcript
Introduction to SPSSStatistical package for Social Sciences
Data Preparation components
Data Selection
Data Cleaning
New Data Construction
Data Formatting
IntroductionSPSS for windows is a computer package that
will perform a wide variety of statistical procedures.
Data management and analysis can be handled well with SPSS.
Using SPSS we can manipulate data, make graphs and perform statistical techniques varying from means to regression.
SPSS windows process Data window Variable view window Output window Chart editor window
This provides
view about the data.
This view provides a
platform to define variables and
their characteristics.
This view is used to define a variable.1. Its name.2. Type3. Width4. Decimals5. Labels6. Values7. Missing8. Columns9. Align10.Measure
Data Entry
Data Entry
Statistical Terms & Tests Descriptive Statistics
Analyze > Descriptive Statistics > Descriptives
Statistical Terms & Tests
CorrelationAnalyze > Correlate > Bivariate
Correlating the dichotomous variables
To compute a correlation matrix for the dichotomous variables, select the Correlate command from the Analyze menu.
Specifications for correlations
Second, click on the OK button to complete the request.
First, move the dichotomous variables to the variables list box.
The correlation matrixCorrelations
.a .a .a .a .a
. . . . .
256 256 256 256 256
.a 1 -.049 .a -.042
. . .437 . .501
256 256 256 256 256
.a -.049 1 .a -.010
. .437 . . .877
256 256 256 256 256
.a .a .a .a .a
. . . . .
256 256 256 256 256
.a -.042 -.010 .a 1
. .501 .877 . .
256 256 256 256 256
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
LABOR FRCE STATUS(Valid/Missing)
NUMBER OF HOURSWORKED LAST WEEK(Valid/Missing)
R SELF-EMP ORWORKS FORSOMEBODY(Valid/Missing)
GOVT OR PRIVATEEMPLOYEE(Valid/Missing)
RS OCCUPATIONALPRESTIGE SCORE (1980) (Valid/Missing)
LABORFRCE
STATUS(Valid/Mis
sing)
NUMBEROF HOURSWORKED
LAST WEEK(Valid/Missin
g)
R SELF-EMPOR WORKS
FORSOMEBODY(Valid/Missin
g)
GOVT ORPRIVATE
EMPLOYEE(Valid/Missi
ng)
RSOCCUPATIONAL
PRESTIGE SCORE
(1980)(Valid/Mis
sing)
Cannot be computed because at least one of the variables is constant.a.
The correlation matrix is symmetric along the diagonal (shown by the blue line). The correlation for any pair of variables is included twice in the table. So we only count the correlations below the diagonal (the cells with the yellow background).
Statistical Terms & Tests
T-testAnalyze > Compare Means > (Type of Test)
You can conduct a chi-square test of independence in cross tabulation of SPSS by selecting:
Analyze > Descriptive Statistics > Crosstabs…
First, select and move the variables for the question to “Row(s):” and “Column(s):” list boxes.
The variable mentioned first in the problem, sex, is used as the independent variable and is moved to the “Column(s):” list box.
The variable mentioned second in the problem, [fund], is used as the dependent variable and is moved to the “Row(s)” list box.
Second, click on “Statistics…” button to request the test statistic.
First, click on “Chi-square” to request the chi-square test of independence.
Second, click on “Continue” button to close the Statistics dialog box.
Now click on “Cells…” button to specify the contents in the cells of the crosstabs table.
First, make sure both “Observed” and “Expected” in the “Counts” section in “Crosstabs: Cell Display” dialog box are checked.
In the “Residuals” section, select “Unstandardized” and “Standardized” residuals and click on “Continue” and “OK” buttons.
Cases excluded from further analyses
SPSS marks the cases that will not be included in further analyses by drawing a slash mark through the case number.
We can verify that the selection is working correctly by noting that the case which is omitted had 4 missing variables.
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