Some things change, some things stay the same Change and Continuity.

Some things change, some things

stay the same

Change and Continuity

Continuity and ChangeWatch the following clip to help you understand the idea:

Chinese Canadians

Start with a chronology of related events Canada’s involvement in peace-keeping missionsEducation in CanadaStanley Cup championship series’Roles of women

Look at the timeline - Are there patterns? Remember - Continuity & Change can

coexist- or happen at the same time

Periodization

- think about how we group periods in time

1920’s vs 1930’s

Change is a process It happens at different paces You can identify turning points

Progress & DeclineWhat may be progress for one group, can

be decline for another

Progress & DeclineThe End of WW1- Paris 1919- Treaty of Versailles

Woodrow Wilson (US), David Lloyd George (GBR) & George Clemenceau (FRN) meet to

wrap- up WW1 & ensure peace. Progress right?

Progress for one, decline for anotherWas the world a better place after the conference?

Japan- “in all this progress towards peace, can we include a racial equality clause in the League of Nations Charter?”

Germany – “There was anger throughout Germany when the terms were made public. The Treaty became known as a Diktat - as it was being forced on them and the Germans had no choice but to sign it.”

Progress for one, decline for anotherWas the world a better place after the conference?

United States refused to join League of Nations Punishment of Treaty of Versailles made

Germany very weak economically, created huge crisis

Germany felt humiliated and wrongfully blamed Britain was weakened and overshadowed by

USA

BUT – Canada was recognized on the world stage

How can we look at Continuity & Change & You?

1. How were the recreational activities of teens in the 1970’s similar to teens today?

2. What impact has the proliferation of cell phones had on how young people communicate?

Your turn- generate 4 good historical questions - 2 on the theme of continuity (like #1) and 2 based on the idea of change (like #2)

Lets look at Continuity & Change in Quebec- the Quebec question

ACTIVITY: French-English Relations Put the events described into chronological

order. Once finished, look at every event – do you

see common ideas or details that suggest “CONTINUITY”?

Then, do you see “CHANGE”? Can you can break it into time periods?

What are these “turning points” where the story changes?

Today’s critical questions…

What are the roots of Quebec’s concerns?

Are there patterns in the history of Quebec – Canada relations ?

What should we do?

LET’S LOOK AT THE PAST 30 YEARS…

Have you heard of;•Bloc Québecois?•Parti Québecois?•Quebec referenda (that’s plural – meaning more than one) ?•Bill 101? (Charter of French Language)

•René Lévesque?•FLQ crisis?•Pauline Marois?•Daniel Paillé

Separatist victories

FEDERAL Elections – 1993 – Bloc Québecois is official opposition2011 – Bloc Québecois only wins 4 seats

But - Quebec Provincial Elections 2012Parti Québecois wins and Pauline Marois is in

charge.

So wait… do they want to separate or what?

2 provincial referenda

1980 - Quebeckers voteSeparate? – Oui? 40%

Non? 60% 1995 – Quebeckers vote

Separate? – Oui? 49.4%

Non? 50.6%

YIKES!! That was close!!

Let’s travel back in time…What’s it all about ?

A battle for New France Between BR and French settlers Seven Years War (1756-63) Plains of Abraham, Wolfe vs. Montcalm Treaty of Paris 1763 - Control of New

France taken by Great Britain

General Wolfe

French Assimilation & Confederation

1791 New France divided into French-speaking Lower Canada (later Quebec) and English-speaking Upper Canada (later Ontario)

1840 Great Britain recommends French assimilation so merges Upper and Lower Canada into a ‘Province of Canada’ (a British colony)

1867 Canada starts to govern itself (Confederation)

Issues of regionalism emerge in new country

Leaping ahead…

Other conflicts…Manitoba SchoolsLaurier’s compromises:

○ Boer War○ Naval Crisis

WWI ConscriptionWWII Conscription again!

French Canadians are really feeling like an ignored minority

The Quiet Revolution 1959, Maurice Duplessis dies The “Great Darkness” ends

Modernizing reforms under Premier Jean Lesage

Government run health care & education

More control over industries Develop science and technology “Secularization” “Maitres Chez Nous” or “Masters in

our own house”.

New QC Premier Jean Lesage- 1960

Pierre Trudeau leaves Lesage’s team and the Quiet Revolution for federal politics

He is a FEDERALIST and does not believe in Quebec separation

Trudeau’s Just SocietyWe are all deserving of equality under

Canadian law but we should not receive special treatment

The Official languages Act (1969)

Multicultarism Act (1971)

It all erupts in 1970 The terrorist FLQ kidnaps

Pierre Laporte and James Cross

Their demands – a free and separate Quebec (among other things)

Pierre Trudeau – “the Government does not negotiate with terrorists”.

Laporte is assassinated but FLQ is captured.

About the FLQ crisisTrudeau: Yes, well there are a lot of bleeding hearts around who just don't like to see people with helmets and guns. All I can say is, go on and bleed, but it is more important to keep law and order in the society than to be worried about weak-kneed people who don't like the looks of …

Reporter: At any cost? How far would you go with that? How far would you extend that?

Trudeau: Well, just watch me.

Are you René for this? Committed Francophone “common man” Creator and leader of the PQ, an

official separatist party in Quebec Becomes QC Premier (1976)

René Lévesque

Bill 101Bill 101 (1977):

No English on outdoor signs.

Restricted access to English schools.

Quebec: A “Distinct” Society?

Parti Quebecois:

Canadian federalism could not address and protect the unique French language and culture.

To consider: What defines Québecoise culture?Are a “Distinct” society and a “Just “ society compatible?

The Parti Quebecois• 1980 referendum on

Quebec Independence

Trudeau vs Levesque

The Result?The Referendum was held on May 20th, 1980:

The Result?

60% for the Non40% for the Oui

“Enough already!” – the Constitutional debate, 1981-2 • Canada gets its own constitution and Charter of Rights.• All provinces had to sign but didn’t like the suggested

special status for Quebec• It was removed so … Quebec refused to sign• Trudeau went ahead anyway

Two perspectives on what happened…

“Night of the Long Knives”

vs.

“The Kitchen Compromise”

The Constitution Act (1982)

Out with Trudeau in with Mulroney“I’ll get that signature”

New Que. Premier Robert Bourassa:

“We will only sign the constitution if it is amended with a ‘distinct society’ clause so that Quebec will have the powers to ‘protect and promote its distinct language and culture’

Read ‘The Constitution Debate’ pg. 358-59- what do you think?

Brian Mulroney and Robert Bourassa

Provinces meet at Meech to get it done (1987)

They agree!

They all have 3 years for their provincal parliaments to ratify the deal (commit)…

Are Aboriginal Canadians not “distinct”?

Read ‘The Meech Lake Accord’ on pg.360-363

The Meech Lake Accord

Meech Lake Accord

Manitoba MLA Elijah Harper

Nfld Premier Clyde Wells

The Accord died in June 1990

Manitoba MLAElijah Harper

Nfld Premier Clyde Wells

Growth in Quebec Separatism Support for Quebec

Separatism grew Lucien Bouchard resigns

from Mulroney’s cabinet and starts federal separatist party, the Bloc Quebecois

St Jean Baptiste Parade

If at first you don’t succeed try, try, try again

Charlottetown Accord Read pg 364-366 up to ‘The Quebec

Referendum’

This is getting complicated!!! End result- Mulroney quits!!!

Red = No, we don’t like it

Blue = Yes, adopt it

1993 Federal ElectionOfficial Opposition’s

primary goal – break up

the country.

Referendum again- 1995 Read ‘The Quebec Referendum, 1995’ pg. 366-69

2011 Federal ElectionVs.

2012 Provincial Separatist

victory

Article – Quebec Language Wars

2013- Minority PQ government suggests some changes

What have you decided? What are the roots of

Quebec’s concerns? Are there patterns in the

history of Quebec – Canada relations ?

What should we do?