Solutions. Homogeneous mixtures (evenly mixed) Solutions Homogeneous mixtures (evenly mixed) Made of a solute dissolved in a solvent.
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Solutions
Homogeneous mixtures (evenly mixed)Made of a solute dissolved in a solvent.Can be liquid (salt water), gas (air), or solid (alloy)
Describing Concentration
Qualitative ways of describing concentration:Very general descriptions:Dilute: a small amount of solute is dissolved
Describing Concentration
Qualitative ways of describing concentration:Very general descriptions:Dilute: a small amount of solute is dissolvedConcentrated: a large amount of solute is dissolved
Describing Concentration
Qualitative ways of describing concentration:Very general descriptions:Dilute: a small amount of solute is dissolvedConcentrated: a large amount of solute is dissolvedMore specific descriptions based on saturation:
Describing Concentration
Qualitative ways of describing concentration:Very general descriptions:Dilute: a small amount of solute is dissolvedConcentrated: a large amount of solute is dissolvedMore specific descriptions based on saturation:Unsaturated: more can dissolve
Describing Concentration
Qualitative ways of describing concentration:Very general descriptions:Dilute: a small amount of solute is dissolvedConcentrated: a large amount of solute is dissolvedMore specific descriptions based on saturation:Unsaturated: more can dissolveSaturated: no more can dissolve at that temperature
Describing Concentration
Qualitative ways of describing concentration:Very general descriptions:Dilute: a small amount of solute is dissolvedConcentrated: a large amount of solute is dissolvedMore specific descriptions based on saturation:Unsaturated: more can dissolveSaturated: no more can dissolve at that temperatureSuper-saturated: more is dissolve than normally possible at that temperature (very unstable condition).
Describing Concentration
Quantitative way of describing concentration:MolarityMoles of solute per liter of solution
Describing Concentration
Quantitative way of describing concentration:MolarityMoles of solute per liter of solutionTo calculate: # of moles divided by # of litter
Describing Concentration
Quantitative way of describing concentration:MolarityMoles of solute per liter of solutionTo calculate: # of moles divided by # of litterUnit: M (for molar) -- upper case and in italics or underlined
Describing Concentration
Quantitative way of describing concentration:MolarityMoles of solute per liter of solutionTo calculate: # of moles divided by # of litterUnit: M (for molar) -- upper case and in italics or underlined There are many other, less common ways
Solubility: Factors affecting dissolving ability
Polaritypolar dissolve in polar; non-polar in non-polar
Solubility: Factors affecting dissolving ability
Polaritypolar dissolve in polar; non-polar in non-polarTemperature
Solubility: Factors affecting dissolving ability
Polaritypolar dissolve in polar; non-polar in non-polarTemperatureSolids are more soluble in water as temperature increases
Solubility: Factors affecting dissolving ability
Polaritypolar dissolve in polar; non-polar in non-polarTemperatureSolids are more soluble in water as temperature increasesGases are less soluble in water as temperature increases
Solubility: Factors affecting dissolving ability
Polaritypolar dissolve in polar; non-polar in non-polarTemperatureSolids are more soluble in water as temperature increasesGases are less soluble in water as temperature increasesPressure
Solubility: Factors affecting dissolving ability
Polaritypolar dissolve in polar; non-polar in non-polarTemperatureSolids are more soluble in water as temperature increasesGases are less soluble in water as temperature increasesPressureSolids and liquids: solubilities aren't affected by pressure.
Solubility: Factors affecting dissolving ability
Polaritypolar dissolve in polar; non-polar in non-polarTemperatureSolids are more soluble in water as temperature increasesGases are less soluble in water as temperature increasesPressureSolids and liquids: solubilities aren't affected by pressure.Gases: more soluble in water as pressure increases.
Solubility: How solutes dissolve
SolvationIndividual atoms, ions, or molecules are surrounded by solvent molecules and brought into solution.
Solubility: How solutes dissolve
SolvationIndividual atoms, ions, or molecules are surrounded by solvent molecules and brought into solution.When water is the solvent, the process is called hydration.
Solubility: How solutes dissolve
SolvationIndividual atoms, ions, or molecules are surrounded by solvent molecules and brought into solution.When water is the solvent, the process is called hydration.Dissociation
Solubility: How solutes dissolve
SolvationIndividual atoms, ions, or molecules are surrounded by solvent molecules and brought into solution.When water is the solvent, the process is called hydration.DissociationThe breaking up of an ionic compound into ions during solvation or hydration.
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