Transcript
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLESolar Electric Vehicle
Done by • ]• ]• ]• ]
Farag Aktham Abdullah Islam
Conventional cars
Internal combustion engines• It has fuel tank which supplies
gasoline to fuel engine.• Engine turns a transmission
which turns towheels
Internal combustion Engines1. consume Resources 2. Heavy reliance on imports
Production shortages
Petroleum is expensive 3. Creates smog & Ozone in Big cities4. Emits pollution in the Air
Why electric cars?
• Electric cars are FUN!• CLEAN AIR – zero emissions• Electricity is readily available• Electricity costs are stable and much lower than gasoline• Oil independence (national security)• Save gas = save money • Low maintenance
Fun, Fast, Clean & EfficientWhy Electric Cars?
How Electric Cars?Electric Vehicle Energy Lingo
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW• kWh is “how much” energy, similar to liters of gas.• Kilo Meters per kWh, similar to Kilo Meters per liter.• kW is “how fast”, similar to liter per minute.
kWh = how much energy is used or stored
kW = how fast energy is
transferred
AnywhereWhere to find electricity for Electric Cars?
Disadvantages
Types of EV1. Battery Electric Vehicles fully-electric vehicles with rechargeable batteries and no gasoline engine.
2. Hybrid Electric Vehiclecombines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) propulsion system with an electric propulsion system
3. Solar Power Car
Solar power cars are electric cars which are
powered by sun’s energy
How Does Solar Power Car Works
Evolution of Solar Power cars
1990
1993
2001
2009
World Solar Challenge
Tübitak Formula-G
2015…….
Project aim• Aim of the project:1. Using solar energy to enhance the efficiency of
the car so that we can drive it for a longer time.2. Sustainable movement by supplying battery with
electric energy while moving through PV
ELECTRONIC & ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
A solar car composes of the following
• PV solar panels
• Maximum Power Point Trackers (MPPT)
• Battery and Battery Management Systems
• Motor and Electronic Motor Controller
The Internal Process
48V battery
• Solar array voltage (i.e. voltage produced by the solar array) must be equal to system voltage of the motor for optimal working of motor. Generally, it is difficult to match these voltages accurately due to random errors
• MPPTs allow the system to run as efficiently as possible by sampling the output of the cells and apply the proper resistance (load) to obtain maximum power for any given environmental conditions.
Direct Current Motors.to provide the power for propulsion converts electric energy to mechanical energy (motion) to drive the electric vehicle.
BATTERIESThe batteries store energy from the solar array and make them available for the motor’s use. Batteries that are commonly used in solar cars are Lead-acid batteries, Li-ion batteries, Ni-MH batteries, Ni-Cd batteries, Flooded-cell batteries and Gel-cell batteries.
Lead Acid Ni-Cd Battery Li-Ion Battery NiMH battery
•4 * 12 Volt @ 12Ah•Series Connection•Lead acid deep cycle batteries• Rechargeable• Charging time 6-8 hours
Motor & Controller• Efficiency of brushless DC motors is 95-98%.• DC motors are cheaper than AC motors.• Controller is an electronic device that controls the
amount of power delivered to electric motor according to the signal from the potentiometer connected to throttle pedal.
PV specification : • Supplies the baseline power required to the vehicle, recharges the
batteries
Serieswe will get 4 PVs each one has the following specification :
Volt Watt
16 10
4 x 16 = 64 Volt 4 x 10 = 40 Watt
Vehicle Casing• A Metal roof was designed to carry the PV panels to be in
a fixed horizontal level in order to absorb sun rays during the whole day
Length
1,150mm
Width
1,100mm
Height
1,600mm
Chassis weight
61 kg
Battery Weight
19 kg
Loading Capacity
1driver
Estimated Range
2 km
Climbing Ability (with loading 150KG)
20 degree
Rating Output
1.0 kW
Battery
Lead Acid
Battery Specs
48V12Ah
Brake
Disk
Charging Time (0-100%)
Recovered by 7 hours (more)
Tire Size
3.25-6.25
General Specs
procedures1. we have charged the battery of the car till it become full , then
we have estimated the distance which the car can be used using those batteries.
2. we will make iron grid so we can put the PVs on it 3. we will fix it to the car using welding method 4. We will try to completely evacuate the batteries from electricity.5. we will leave the car in the sun so the batteries become full
through using the new charging source " the sun " 6. we will drive the car again so we can get the new distance
which the car can go with the solar panels 7. and then we will compare how the car will be affected through
using the solar energy instead of electric energy
Expected finishing date :
• we recommend to use high capacity motor next time as the motor become much more hot every short time and this forced us to wait more than one time to cool it
OR • we can make cooling system for the motor
Recommendations :
Maximum 3 weeks from this presentation day
One day,solar car will be irreplaceable
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