Transcript
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Energy solutions for a better life
K. J. SOMAIYA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES & RESEARCH, Mumbai, IndiaAshwath Bereke
Gautam Jaju
Guruprasad Padmanabhan
Jaya Longani
Swapna Mukherjee
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The entire Suryopahar team would like to thank all the below members without whose
support our business plan could not have been complete.
Our mentors Prof. Radha Iyer, Prof. Archana Patankar, Prof. Rekha Rau, Prof. K.S. Ranjini(SIMSR) for their continued support throughout the process
The ACARA Institute especially Mr. Fred Rose and Ms. Sri Ganti Mr. Yavalkar, Scientist at Marathi Vigyan Parishad Mr. Pradeep Lokhande of Rural Relations in helping us connect to the village, Bhivri Mr. Tyagarajan of Vinimay Trust Mr. Ravi Gudi, Professor- IITB Ms. Ira Jhangiani, Independent Consultant on Design thinking Mr. Ajay Chandak, CEO of PRINCE Mr. Radha Krishna Das, Managing Program Director of ISKCON Food Relief Foundation The entire Cornell team Rupal Naidu for helping us connect with the community K. J. Somaiya Institute for giving us the opportunity to participate in the ACARA
challenge
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary Page 1
Background Page 2
The Concept and Potential Business Opportunity Page 3
Benefits of using a solar cooker Page 4
Research Findings Page 4
Business model Page 5
Implementation Plan Page 7
Business operational Structure Page 8
Financials Page 9
Competition Page 9
Risks Page 9
Our vision Page 10
Appendix A: Solar Cooker Construction Methodology Page 11
Appendix B: Research Questionnaire Page 13
Appendix C: Social Return on Investment Page 14
Appendix D: Factors promoting the use of solar cooker Page 16
Appendix E: Detailed Projected Financials Page 16
Appendix F: The Somaiya Team members profiles Page 20
Appendix G: References Page 20
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Throughout the history of mankind, the sun has been of paramount importance. It is a gigantic
source of energy, which sparked, nurtured and has been sustaining life on earth. Hence, various
civilizations like the Aztec, Chinese, Indian, etc considered the Sun as a God.
Though modern astronomers have proved that the Sun is just one of the millions of stars in the
universe, its significance has not diminished. We need to find ways to effectively utilize its
energy in order to successfully combat the energy crises that our planet is bound to face.
One such way is to use it as a means to cook food by using solar cookers. Solar cooker
complements traditional cooking using gas/LPG, it cannot completely replace the existing forms
of cooking.
The study of the project started with getting technical assistance from experts of clean
technology. We attended courses on Design Thinking, and Biofuels along with other clean
energy generation methodologies. We visited communities in Mumbai and Pune to understand
the level of disposable income and their perceptions for clean energy for cooking. After
evaluating different options and communities, we chose solar cooker as a means of clean energy
for cooking. The Somaiya team then underwent training on the assembly of Solar Cooker. All the
above helped us in getting the necessary inputs in further pursuing our idea.
We intend to bring down the imaginary gap between the solar cooker technology and the rural
poor. Our value addition would be in terms of the ways employed to take this technology into
the poorer households, make them realise the benefits of using solar cooker, and provide
employment to the rural villagers. We make solar cookers affordable by making the villagers
assemble the solar cookers. Usage of solar cookers will bring down the cost incurred in
alternate fuels for cooking and meet the long-term demand of energy for cooking of the presentand future generations.
We have initiated relationships with our supply chain partners. The training of the rural
villagers will happen in PRINCE (Promoters and Researchers In Non-Conventional Energy)
located in Dhule, Maharasthra. For the first year of operations, our target school has been
identified as Prathamik Vidyalaya and the target village as Bhivri both located in Pune,
Maharashtra. We wish to target two more schools in Mumbai which is served the mid-day meals
by ISKCON.
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Our greatest challenge lies in increasing awareness about the benefits of solar cookers among
the BOP (Bottom of the Pyramid). We need to make them realise the health related issues from
traditional methods of cooking. These health risks are often overlooked or ignored. Many do not
even relate the health problems to methods of cooking.
One more area that we needed to focus on was to bring the cost of solar cooker further down.Even when the poor have the purchasing power to buy a solar cooker, the one-time cost
incurred to buy it and the associated lack of awareness of its long-term benefits leads to the
villagers becoming averse to buying them. Hence easy credit options, sponsorships, etc need to
be looked at.
BACKGROUND
Energy Scenario in Rural India:
About 70% of the Indians live in rural areas and use animal dung, agricultural waste,fuel wood as fuel for cooking
Particulate matter in the Indian rural households is 2000 micro gm/cubic m which ismuch higher than the permissible 150 micro gm/cubic m.
Use of traditional fuel is estimated to cause around 400,000 premature annual deathsdue to various respiratory problems.
So, there is an acute necessity of a solution that can tackle the dual issues of deaths due to
respiratory problems from using traditional fuels and the need to meet the demand for
energy that is not being met by wood, coal, LPG, oil, etc.
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Availability of Sunlight in India Annual Isolation
With about 300 clear sunny days in a year, India's theoretical solar power reception, just on its
land area, is about 5 PWh/year (i.e. = 5000 trillion kWh/yr ~ 600 TW). The daily average solar
energy incident over India varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m2 with about 2,3003,200 sunshine hours
per year, depending upon location. So, there is huge potential is using this energy to meet ourgoals. Quite disturbingly, the present state of exploitation of solar energy is insignificant in
comparison to its estimated potential in the country.
Therefore, we adopted the concept of solar cooker as a clean energy for cooking.
THE CONCEPT AND POTENTIAL BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY
The tremendous growth in population has led to India facing an intense crisis of resources. The
exploitation of mineral resources is threatening forests, nature reserves, and ecology. Seventy
percent of the energy resources need to be imported putting constant pressure on the nation to
export more or face currency devaluation.
The growth in population also fuels the ever increasing demand for food and consequently the
need for cooking fuels. The solar cooker concept has been in existence for quite some time. Over
this time period, it has continuously improved in terms of effectiveness. But what has still not
improved is its awareness. For the segment of people who need it the most, the awareness is
almost non-existent. The implementation of solar cookers on a large scale has never really
happened.
The Solar team of ACARA wanted to tap this opportunity as there is a huge potential business
opportunity by targeting the bottom of the pyramid for their energy needs. Most of the StateGovernments in India have initiated implementing mid-day meal schemes in primary and
municipal government schools. With this they wish to cover every underprivileged child
belonging to the poorer sections of the society. There is a great opportunity to collaborate with
government agencies and making solar cooker a main mode of cooking in India. Communicating
the benefits of the solar cooker would enhance usage of solar cookers in the rural community.
Hence with proper efforts, the social and economic impact created can be great and withuseful collaborations and economies of scale, profits can be generated with cost reduction.
The team decided to find out the right target group who could afford to invest in a solar cooker
and reap its benefits for a very long time. India lives in villages and many of the rural poor often
lose out on even two meals a day. Prima facie it appears that they are incapable of purchasing
and using solar cookers and hence dismiss this opportunity forthright.
But the team decided to challenge the assumptions and did a lot of ground work to find out the
disposable income in the hands of the rural households and also the perception about
alternative energy for cooking. The team visited communities in Mumbai and Pune and
ultimately found that the problem can be tackled by lowering the cost of a solar cooker by using
cheaper alternative materials for construction and not compromising on quality at the same
time. All this coupled with easy financing options and awareness raising programs make the
cookers affordable and attractive for these families.
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BENEFITS OF A SOLAR COOKER
Environmental Benefits
The fuel source is unlimited and environmental friendly No need to use firewood , dung etc
No smoke, cleaner air and environment Slows deforestation (one domestic solar cooker saves 2 full-grown trees per year)Financial Benefits
Although the initial investment is high, the cost can be recovered by thecommunities/households within 8-9 months
A typical family of four spends Rs.450 a month on LPG. This can be reduced and a savingof upto Rs.150 a month can be achieved, by cooking one meal per day on a solar cooker
Savings for a school or an orphanage or any university that would be implementing thesolar cookers would be enormous. The spending on LPG would reduce and the costs of
implementing a solar cooker can be recovered through these savings.
No maintenance costs and one solar cooker last for 10 years.Social Benefits
Reduction in the number of deaths due to traditional fuels Awareness building for children and their parents Creates rural employment and increases self-esteem Health benefits due to availability of clean air and hygienic food Positive influence of creating may more such models
RESEARCH FINDINGS
1.ORPHANAGES/ NGOs
Vinimay Trust - a 27 year old institution for the youth. These youth are above 18 yrs of age. The hostel capacity is 50-60 boys.
Feasibility Constraints Boys carry lunch boxes from hostel to work. So cooking is done before 6.30 am
which comprises of both breakfast and lunch.
Dinner around 7.30 pm If they purchase a solar cooker worth Rs.50, 000-Rs.60,000, they can use it only
on Sundays. So from a cost-benefit analysis, it's not worth the cost.
The trust is run by volunteers and donated money. They have no overhead costsas the building itself was donated. It is difficult to raise such huge amounts of
money.
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2. RURAL VILLAGES Bhivri Village, Pune district 130 Km from Mumbai City. Met 6-7 families and surveyed a school Varying family sizes (6-13 people average in one family) Occupation is Farming mostly sugarcanes
Education level Older generation have low level of schooling but the youngergeneration is more aware and some of them are graduates Income Levels Rs.6, 000 12,000 a month. Income level is dependent on their
farming activities
Feasibility Constraints Most of the families have LPG, but they use it as standby. Cooking is mainly done
using choola (traditional wood based) and kerosene stoves.
1 LPG cylinder lasts for 1-1.5 months and costs them around Rs.320 per month,Kerosene costs around Rs.100 a month.
Daily food consists ofchapathis or rotis, daland rice, non vegetarian food During peak seasons, the women folk will be busy in the farms Lack of Awareness about solar cookers Concern of theft
3. SCHOOLS AND HOSTELS Bhivri Village. The School serves Khichdi everyday as part of mid-day meal scheme to students LPG is used to make the food. Khichdi is an Indian food preparation made up of Rice and Dal. It is very easy to
prepare. 25Kg Khichdi is prepared daily to serve 200 students
Solar cooker seems to be the perfect fit and provide cost savings. They welcomed the idea of using Solar Cookers to make the food and were
willing to spread the word about the benefits of using clean energy cooking like
Solar cooking among the rest of the village.
Feasibility Constraints Initial Investment Approval from concerned authorities
BUSINESS MODEL
We aim to make the solar cookers economical by using cheaper materials, and not reducing the
performance significantly. Keeping this objective in perspective, we took part in a workshop on
building a solar cooker by an eminent scientistMr. Yavalkar, who has been working on varioussolar cooker designs for the past 18 years.
The assembly of the solar cooker from the apparatus is explained in Appendix A. This
procedure is easy to replicate. Additionally, it encourages the people to build their own cookers.
We can take this concept further, by encouraging them to assemble the cookers as a part time
profession and hence generating employment among the poor.
Our business model is based on Solar Entrepreneurship. We can employ and provide trainingto unemployed youth from rural villagers on how to construct solar cookers. The following
steps need to be taken for this business model to succeed.
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MARKETING
Concept Selling1. Many people havent seen a solar cooker. They need to be shown the product and its
working.
2.
Education about clean surroundings, hygiene, clean drinking water, etc and thenintroducing solar cooker as an additional point would help increase acceptability. It has
to be build around something that is directly involved in their welfare. A lot of trust
issues are to be resorted too.
3. It is not enough to tell them only about solar cooker technology but it is also importantto showcase on tangible lines how it is beneficial to them in long run. Some hard
experiential evidence is necessary.
4. People would be reluctant to switch unless they are taught and made to realize the harmthey do their bodies by not using a cleaner source of cooking
Increasing awareness about the product1. Demonstration in school through plays involving locals2. Demos in nearby identified influential families/ educated individuals who can propagate
the concept
3. Free testing4. Ease of use/ personnel assistance5. People can calculate the savings by using the product for a month.6. Word of mouth: Include few opinion leaders like LIC agents, people who go to cities for
livelihood.
7. Taking help from banks and other institutions active in the area to spread the word andfinancial collaboration called Bachat Gat in Marathi, a local language used in
Maharashtra.
8. Involving the corporates which are interested in CSR activities in the area and designingspecial target programs for propagation
9. Special learning camps / workshops teaching how to operate10.Demonstration in Melas (fairs) and Haats in villages11.Propagating the idea as one that generates a source of livelihood12.Sometimes bringing in personalities with whom they can identify or some actions that
develop universal appeal as in case of pulse polio campaign so that everybody believes
that it is important and imperative to have cleaner source of energy
OPERATIONS
Material Procurement. Assembly of Solar Cookers. Logistics Aspects Transportation of raw materials and finished goods, Storing and
warehousing them.
Procedure for testing solar equipment Extending free consultation to all social organizations for use of non-conventional
energy.
FINANCE
The Cost of Constructing a Solar Cooker (Box type) Rs. 1500-1800 to buy theapparatus for solar cooker, and about Rs. 250 for the assembly. Hence, Rs. 1750 2150
for construction of a box-type solar cooker. The Cost of Parabolic cookers - Rs.25, 000.
Cooking Capacity 30 to 40 people.
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Garner support from Institutes like IREDA, the financing arm of MNRE (Ministry of Newand Renewable Energy) to facilitate the commercialization and market development of
renewable energy. It has emerged as one of the main instruments for promoting
development and financing renewable energy technologies and projects. It has been able
to tie up funds from leading multilateral agencies, bilateral organizations, and domestic
financial institutions for lending to end-users, manufacturers, financial intermediaries,
and entrepreneurs predominantly in the private sector
Tie up with banks like the Surya Shakti Scheme by Andhra Bank (as Soft Loan schemefor Solar Water Heaters (SWH) and solar cookers under the Interest Subsidy)
REVENUE
The revenues will be earned by selling the solar cookers at a price slightly more than the cost of
assembly. Hence, the business model will become sustainable and profitable.
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS
The critical success factors are proper concept selling, promoting the use of solar cookers to the
bottom of the pyramid, creating local opinion leaders, proper networking or connecting with the
rural people at grass root level and gaining their trust and confidence to build long and fruitful
business relationships.
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
Our target segment in Phase 1 would be Orphanages/ NGOs, Schools and Hostels in rural areas
(B2B) and in phase 2 the below poverty line households/families of the slums in and around
Mumbai (B2C). The target group has to have rice as their staple food as rotis cannot be cooked
in solar cookers. Our focus would be first on schools and communities providing mid-deal meals
in Mumbai and Pune before moving on to the other states.
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BUSINESS OPERATIONAL STRUCTURE
Managing Director - The managing director has responsibility for the overall management of acompany, including the staff, the customers, the budget, the company's assets and all other
company resources to make the best use of them and increase the company's profitability. The
MD leads the company and develops the corporate culture for the organization.
Marketing & Sales The marketing and sales department's goal is to increase the number ofinteractions between potential customers and company, which includes the sales team using
promotional techniques such as advertising, sales promotion, publicity, and public relations,creating new sales channels, sales pitch, opportunity identification, and the closure of the order.
Operations: The chief role of the operations department is to assemble the solar cookers as perthe sales requirement. A trained Operations manager will impart the solar cooker assembly
training to two assistants and will oversee the quality of work done and ensure timely
execution. He will also be responsible for procuring raw materials as and when needed,
negotiations with vendors, preparing purchase orders, logistics and transportation.
Finance: A financial officer is required to handle all the accounts, record expenses, revenuesand profits, and prepare income statements and balance sheets for the company.
Rural employees of Bhivri village are sent to PRINCE located in Dhule, Maharashtra forfree training of assembly of solar cookers.Ajay Chandak, CEO of PRINCE is open to anykind of collaboration that leads to acceptability of solar cookers by rural masses.
Phase-1 begins in the summer of the first year in Prathamik Vidyalaya consisting of200 students and located in Bhivri Village, Pune. The head of the school has shown
willingness to get all the required permission from the government authorities for the
implementation of the Solar Cooker.
Managing
Director
Marketing &
SalesOperations Finance
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We will also cover two schools catered to by ISKCON. ISKCON in a combined initiativewith the Government of Maharashtra provides mid-day meal to more than 200,000
students (as on 28th June 2009). Radha Krishna Das, Managing Program Director ofISKCON, has shown acceptance to incorporate solar cookers to grow their service to
more schools.
We will spread awareness among people of a target community by conducting publicdemonstrations in haats (fairs), distributing free testing samples of solar cookers,
involving corporate, influence leaders, popular personalities to increase acceptability.
Identifying banks and financial institutions that will be willing to finance or provideloans to villagers and developing tie ups with them.
After a period of 6 months (of the start of the venture), we wish to start Phase-II. In thefirst year of operations, we would sell solar cookers to the same village (Bhivri).
After overseeing the implementation in the first year of operations, we would selectother schools and villages before moving to other states.
FINANCIALS
Notes:
The break-even will be in 3 years. So, we expect a start-up capital of$ 75, 023.47.
COMPETITION
The technology of constructing a solar cooker is easily available and can be copiedeasily. There is a threat of others duplicating the plan. However the market potential is
huge. About 70% of Indians live in rural areas and use animal dung, agricultural waste
and fuel wood as fuel for cooking.
Traditional fuels for cooking are still predominantly used in most of the households. So,we would go for aggressive marketing techniques to change the perception of the rural
community towards traditional fuels and alternative forms of clean energies for cooking.
RISKS
Some shortcomings of a Solar Cooker
Solar cookers cannot be used to make chapathis and fries. Time taken to cook food is around 1-2 hours Slums have space constraints. It does work during night time or during rains. It is most effective between 9am 2 pm. Theft of cookers is also an area of concern.
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ADDRESSING RISKS
1) It cannot wok during night or on rainy days - The Solar Cooker solution proposed iscomplementary to the existing solution. Hence LPG/ gas cylinders should be kept as a
standby in case of cooking during night/rainy days. At a later stage, if we want to
completely eliminate conventional mode of cooking, then solar energy can be collectedduring daytime by solar panels and stored using battery banks. This stored energy can
be used for cooking during night/rainy conditions using an electric cooker.
2) Cannot be used to cook all kinds of food The solution is complementary and can beused only to achieve fuel savings. This solution will work effectively in areas where rice
is the staple food. Eg South India and also in schools.
3) Time taken to cook is around 2 hrs in box type cooker Technological constraint.The time required to cook can be reduced by incorporating a reflector which can help
concentrate the sun rays effectively. In parabolic cookers the cooking time is much
lesser.
4) Theft of cookers The cooker can be protected from theft by advising users to keep thecooker either on the roof of the house or in a place where it is visible at all times.
OUR VISION:
Solar Cooker integrated into village life
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: SOLAR COOKER CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
The apparatus for the construction of a solar cooker consists of the following:
Aluminium sheetWooden Plywood
Cotton/Paper/Sand - any natural heat insulator
Screws and nails
Rubber Gasket
Fevibond - to stick rubber
wooden border frame
Toughened Glass
Normal Glass
Hinges
Optional: Wheel, Handles, etc.
Procedure:
Cut and fold the Aluminium sheet as per the defined dimensions Fill the wooden box with sufficient quantity of cotton, till it is almost full. Place the aluminium sheet inside the wooden box Fix the rims of the aluminium sheet to the box using nails Slide the glass sheet inside the wooden frame. Place this frame on top of the
arrangement. Use hinges to attach it to the box
Use steel boxes, painted black from outside to cook the food in.
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Some important aspects to be noted are:
The solar cooker can be used to prepare both the lunch and dinner. It works best whenput outside to get maximum sunlight. To prepare lunch, cook between 9 am 12pm. It
takes around 2 hrs to cook. Soon after lunch is prepared, the cooker can be used to
prepare dinner. Word of caution, open the lid only when the food is about to be served.
Do not open the lid even if cooking is over as there will be loss of heat.
Over-boiling does not occur in a solar cooker because the temperature inside a solarcooker is very less as compared to the normal cookers.
No maintenance is required for solar cookers. Only periodic dusting and cleaning isneeded. A solar cooker lasts for 10 yrs.
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The vessel inside it should be painted with blackboard colour on its outer surface(except the base).
Solar cooker is mostly useful to those households whose main food items are rice, dal,curry (Sabji), etc as Chapathis, and fries cannot be made in this cooker.
Food made in solar cooker tastes better because the essential vitamins are retained. We can cook eggs, meat balls, potato, groundnuts, etc by wrapping them in an
aluminium foil and placing them directly in the cooker and not inside the container.
For a rectangular solar cooker, reflector is not needed (especially for countries in theSouth Asia, where the sun rays are almost directly incident throughout the year).
The break-even period for a solar cooker is 8-9 months, for a family of 4-5 people. The bottom of the vessel should be as wide as possible, and its thickness should be less
for quick cooking.
A small box-type cooker is sufficient for a family of 5.APPENDIX B: RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE (MUMBAI SLUM ETHNOGRAPHY DISCUSSION
GUIDE)
Community Can you describe the community structure to me? (Could also ask to draw a map or
picture)
Does your family have relationships with other people or families in the community?What types of relationships are they (i.e. family, friendship, business or transactional,
acquaintance, etc.)
Do people in community trust each other? Why or why not? Is theft a concern in the community? If yes, why? What is the most expensive object that you or someone in your community has
purchased recently? How much does it cost? What do you think of it?
Home
Would you mind giving me a tour of your home? Is your home similar to other homes in the community? If not, can you describe what
those are like?
Can you describe or show me what takes place during a typical 24 hours in your home?(Who is there, coming and going; what are they doing; etc.)
Cooking
Can you show me the staple food items in your diet? Who all is involved in the cooking process? Is it just you or do others help with the
cooking or grocery shopping, gathering of water or fuel, etc.?
Can you show me how you cook? What equipment do you use? What type of fuel? How long does it take to cook? Is heat/stove on continuously? If not, how many times do
you turn it on a day?
Do you enjoy cooking for your family? What do you enjoy about it? Is there anything that you would do differently if you could? What foods would you want
to cook if you could?
Can you describe the grocery shopping process? Who decides what to buy? Who goes tobuy the groceries? Where do you buy them? How much do you spend on groceries
(daily, weekly, or monthly)?
Are you happy with your stove? What do you or dislike about it?
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If you were to buy a new stove, what would you like on it (in terms of benefits: e.g. cooksfaster, easy to use, etc.)
If you were to buy your new stove, would you have to ask your husband for money? Doyou think he would agree? Why yes, why not?
Can you describe how your family gets fuel for cooking? What do you use? How much doyou pay or Who collects it? How often do you collect it? Where do you collect it; how faraway is it? Are you happy with your current source of fuel? If not, what dont you likeabout it and what would you want to change?
Can you describe how your family gets water for the home? Who collects it? How oftendo you collect it? Where do you collect it; how far away is it? Are you happy with your
current source of water? If not, what dont you like about it and what would you want tochange?
Eating
How many times a day do you and your family eat? When are meals consumed and with whom? Does everyone eat together all the time? Is it same throughout the week? Weekend? Holidays? How often do holidays take place? How is holiday cooking different from your typical
cooking?
APPENDIX C: SOCIAL RETURN ON INVESTMENT
1) Women can spend more time on other activities than cooking -In those families that rely on gathered firewood instead of purchased wood or charcoal,
women and girls usually do most of the fuel collecting. Under some economic analyses,
the time spent gathering the wood would be considered a cost of cooking. We can find
out how women are utilizing the time saved by using solar cookers. Eg: they may be
involved in taking care of their children, more time for social interactions or other
income generating opportunities.
2) Health and Family HarmonyMens attitudes can support the acceptance of solar cooking. There are examples of men
praising their wives move to solar cooking because of the lack of smoke and soot. Somemen have said that with solar cooking their wives smell better (not smoky), look better
(no red eyes from smoke), feel better (reduced coughing) and have more time for the
family. We can ask men about how introduction of solar cooker has improved the family
harmony. Health benefits can be quantified by recording the number of villagers
succumbing to air pollution/ smoke related ailments.
3) Gender EqualityMen can begin cooking their own meals as it is simple to cook food using solar cookers.
This is especially useful for single men with no female relatives. They may also like
cooking using a solar cooker because it is clean and modern.
4) Community BondingUse of solar cookers can increase community bonding. Large community type solar
cookers help in more interaction between women while cooking at a common place and
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also while cooking feasts for major festivals, marriages etc. The data of how frequently
people get together during such community events can be recorded.
5) Environment ConsciousnessThe younger generation of village and school children will be more aware of theenvironmental benefits of using solar cookers if it is implemented in their schools or
homes. Hence they become more environmental conscious and more aware of pressing
issues like deforestation, global warming etc. The awareness level can be gauged by
interviewing these children. Also this will increase the awareness level in the current
generation about environmental issues.
6) Empowerment of CommunityEmpower the community with skills and the ability to act on the information and sustain
the changes, e.g, providing the solar cookers free of charge and the training to use it;
engaging village children in data collection; capacity building by training students from
rural colleges in collection of data for scientific evaluation.
7) Measuring Health Benefits%age reduction % age reduction in adults
Reduction in Ear Nose and
Throat diseasesReduction in chest related
diseases
Reduction in eye infections
Reduction in diarrhea
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APPENDIX D: Factors promoting the use of solar cooker
Social EconomicHealth and
Environmental
Institutional and
EducationalTechnological
Houses remain tidy
due to reduced casesof littered firewood/
charcoal and smoke.
Utensils remain
clean due to lack of
soot
Both men, women
and children can
now cook easily
Reduced cases of
stealing firewoodamong women and
using wood for
fencing
Families can cook
different foods with
several kits at the
same time
Reduced drudgery
Money saved from
buying other firewoodand charcoal is used in
attending to other
familys needs eg
buying food, books, etc
Time saved in cooking
is put to other
economic use eg
washing, farming,
doing homework etc.
hence being more
productive
The gadget is
affordable for a
average family
The project has both
direct and indirect
staff (Entrepreneurs
who engage in making
and selling of the
cookers and their
suppliers)and provides
them gainfulemployment
Families eat tasty
foods and nutritionalvalues which is good
for their health
Families eat hygienic
foods hence reduces
cases of diarrhoea
diseases
Families have clean
surroundings not
littered with firewood
and black charcoal
stains
There is reduced
cases of use of
firewood hence
reduced deforestation
Smoke related
ailments are reduced
amongst households
members
There is reduced
cases of fire accidents
Families can take
pasteurized water for
drinking leading to
reduced water borne
diseases
Families have
adopted the culture ofplanning for cooking
Promotes awareness
and learning of Science
Gives opportunity for
self studies/homework
among school children
Reduced absenteeism
and lateness in schools
Families and othergroups working closely
with our team have
mainstreamed
environmental
conservation into their
activities
Promote
environmental
education in
community
Keeps food
warm for long
Its portable and
easy to manage
Enables
families to
harness free
natural/
Renewable
energy
(transformation)
Appendix E: Detailed Projected Financials
Expenses every monthSalary
Employees No. of employees Wages/month Total (Rs.)
Contract Workers 2 2500 5000
Managers 2 8000 16000
Amount per month
Facility (Rent) 5000
Electricity bill 300
Cell phone bill 150
Stationery 50
Travel cost 410
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Expenses every month
Interest on loans 0
Miscellaneous expenses 1500
Transportation Costs 1200
Expenses per month 29610
Total recurring expenses Rs. 3,55,320
Expenses incurred over the year
Training Costs
Travel Cost of the 2 employees from Pune
to Dhule 2 members Rs. 168 336
Associated Food Cost 200
Number
Cost of
each
Raw Materials 4 20000 80000
24 20000 480000
75 1700 127500
Marketing
Distributing pamhplets
Designing Pamphlets 500
Printing 1000 pamphlets 500
Campaigns
Garnering support of opinion leader and
asking him/her to promote 2000
Free tesing of Solar Cookers
Apparatus for Solar Cooker 1 1700 1700
Depreciation 7800
Total one-time expense Rs. 7,00,536
Total expense in the year Rs. 10,55,856
Income for the first year
School- Prathamik Vidyalaya
No. of solar cookers sold 4
Price of each 25000
Revenue 100000
2 Schools - ISKCON
No. Of solar cookers sold 24
Price of each 25000
Revenue 600000
Village - Bhivri
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Income for the first year
No. of solar cookers sold 75
Price of each 2300
Revenue 172500
Total income for first year Rs. 8,72,500
One-time cost for the first year
Facility (plant) advance rent 50000
Plant furniture 10000
Computer 15000
Maintaining account under business name 1000
Licenses and Permits 1000
Setup, installation, and consulting fees 1000
Total one-time cost Rs. 78,000
Depreciation per year Rs. 7,800
(Depreciated over 10 yrs)
REVENUE PROJECTION
Year
Type of
Cooker
Units
to be
Sold
Revenue
per unit
Sold Revenue (Rs.)
Sales for 1st Year Parabolic 28 25000 700000
Sales for 1st Year Box type 75 2300 172500
Revenue for 1st year 872500
Total Profit / (Loss) -183356
Sales for 2nd Year Parabolic 60 25000 1500000
Sales for 2nd Year Box type 210 2300 483000
Revenue for 2nd year 1983000
Total Profit / (Loss) 24644 POSITIVE PROFITS
Sales for 3rd Year Parabolic 72 25000 1800000
Sales for 3rd Year Box type 400 2300 920000
Revenue for 3rd year 2720000
Total Profit / (Loss) 162584 BREAK EVEN
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EXPENSE PROJECTION
Year Type of Cooker
Units to
be Sold
Variable Cost
per unit Sold Total Costs (Rs.)
Variable Costs for year 1 Parabolic 28 20000 560000
Variable Costs for year 1 Box type 75 1700 127500
Fixed Costs for Year 1 368356
Total Costs for Year 1 Rs. 10,55,856
Variable Costs for year 2 Parabolic 60 20000 1200000
Variable Costs for year 2 Box type 210 1700 357000
Fixed Costs for Year 2 401356Total Costs for Year 2 Rs. 19,58,356
Variable Costs for year 3 Parabolic 72 20000 1440000
Variable Costs for year 3 Box type 400 1700 680000
Fixed Costs for Year 3 437416
Total Costs for Year 3 Rs. 25,57,416
MANUFACURING CAPACITY ( WITH 2 WORKERS)
Type of cooker
Time required to build one
cooker using 2 workers
Capacity /
Month (Nos)
Capacity / Year
(Nos)
Parabolic 4 6 72
Box type 0.5 50 600
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APPENDIX F: THE SOMAIYA TEAM-MEMBERS PROFILES
1. Guruprasad Padmanabhan
Guru is a 2nd year MBA-Marketing student at K. J. Somaiya Institute of Management Studies and
Research (SIMSR). He has done his Bachelors degree in Electrical Engineering. Guru worked
with ABB Ltd (a power and automation MNC) for 3 years in various roles like Design, ProjectManagement, Sales, and Estimation mostly in various infrastructure projects.
2. Swapna Mukherjee
Swapna is a 2nd year MBA-Finance student at SIMSR. After completing her Bachelors in Science
(BSc) from St. Anns College for Women, Hyderabad she worked for 3 yrs in Oracle, India as an
Associate Application Engineer. She wants to pursue a career in Microfinance in the long term.
Among her projects, she heads the Financial Literacy team of the Somaiya Social Cell,
undertaking a project in Financial Risk Management with Equinox Financial Services. She also
has an experience in conducting a market survey in the slums of Mumbai.
3. Gautam Jaju
Gautam is a 2nd year MBA-Marketing student at SIMSR. He has a Bachelors degree in Mechanical
Engineering and a brief experience of 6 months in Bharat Forge Ltd in Production Control. His
work involved the streamlining of the manufacturing process using MOST (Maynards Operating
Sequencing Techniques).
4. Ashwath Bereke
Ashwath is a 2nd year MBA-Marketing student at SIMSR. He belongs to Bangalore and passed out
of Engineering in 2006. He has a work experience of 10 months in Perot Systems before joining
Oracle, India where he worked for another 26 months as an Applications Engineer. He workedon Data Modeling Group (DMG), Oracle Siebel CRM. He has also been involved working with
many NGOs like School Kit Drive, Sponsor a child, etc. Now he is an active member of Somaiya
Social Cell. He is also an avid trekker and a Toastmaster.
5. Jaya Longani
Jaya is a 2nd year MBA-Finance student at SIMSR. She has done her Bachelors in Chemistry from
St. Stephens College, New Delhi. Later on she worked in a small health care and beauty business.
She was a part of social service league of her college that helped in the blind reading campaign.
She was also involved in a program of teaching underprivileged kids of the locality around
college and from children belonging to lower income groups.
APPENDIX G: REFERENCES
http://www.middaymeal.com/
http://www.iskconmumbai.com/Activities/MiddayMeal/tabid/180/Default.aspx
http://www.princeindia.org/
http://www.solarcooking.org/
http://www.vinimaytrust.org/
http://www.middaymeal.com/http://www.middaymeal.com/http://www.iskconmumbai.com/Activities/MiddayMeal/tabid/180/Default.aspxhttp://www.iskconmumbai.com/Activities/MiddayMeal/tabid/180/Default.aspxhttp://www.princeindia.org/http://www.princeindia.org/http://www.solarcooking.org/http://www.solarcooking.org/http://www.vinimaytrust.org/http://www.vinimaytrust.org/http://www.vinimaytrust.org/http://www.solarcooking.org/http://www.princeindia.org/http://www.iskconmumbai.com/Activities/MiddayMeal/tabid/180/Default.aspxhttp://www.middaymeal.com/
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