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Snakes and First Aid
Gowri ShankarBlog: http://pogirigowrishankar.wordpress.com/
© Gowri Shankar
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
What are Reptiles ?Features
• Have scales; no fur or feathers.• Are vertebrates• Cold-blooded and need to regulate their body
temperature (Ectothermic)• Regularly shed their skin (Ecdysis)
Reptiles are broadly classified as:
• Crocodilians• Lizards• Snakes• Turtles & Tortoises
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
© Gowri Shankar
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
Venomous SnakesFour common snakes, responsible for most venomous bites in India called ‘The BIG FOUR’ are:
Common Cobra (Naja naja)
Russell’s Viper (Daboia russelli)
Krait (Bungarus caeruleus)
Saw Scaled Viper (Echis carinatus)
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
Common Cobra (Naja naja)
© Gowri Shankar
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
Russell’s Viper (Daboia russelli)
© Gowri Shankar
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus)
© Gowri Shankar
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
© Srikanth Kashyap
Saw scaled Viper (Echis carinatus)
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
NON-VENOMOUS SNAKES
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
Common Vine Snake (Ahaetulla nasuta)
© Gowri Shankar
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
Rat snake (Ptyas mucosa mucosa)
© Gowri Shankar
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
© Gowri Shankar
Checkered keel back (Xenochrophis piscator)
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
Olive Keelback (Atretium schistosum)
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
© Gowri Shankar
Green Keelback (Macropisthodon plumbicolor)
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
Snake Bites, Symptoms &
First Aid
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Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
Snake Bite
• Humans are not the natural prey of snakes
• Snakes attack humans mainly in defense
• Not all snake bites are venomous
• Prevention is better than cure
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
Venom
• Is a complex mixture of toxins, used for killing, digesting prey, and for defense.
There are two basic types of snake venom:
• Neurotoxic, which affects the nerves (venom of cobras and kraits);
• Haemotoxic, which affects blood, blood vessels and tissue (that of vipers).
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
SYMPTOMS© Wikipedia
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
General symptoms of a venomous snake bite
• Wound site: Fang marks, discoloration, burning sensation, blistering of skin, local pain, oedema
• Bleeding from the gums and the wound, that does not seem to stop
• Progressive swelling of the bitten area
• Drooping eyelids
• Difficulty in speaking and breathing
• Drowsiness, unsteadiness
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
FIRST AID Calm and reassure the patient. Remove any constricting items Completely immobilize the patient Keep the wound clean The victim should be kept warm. The only remedy for venomous snakebite is
anti-venom serum.
• Note: ONLY IF SAFELY POSSIBLE, try and get a good look at the snake (or photograph it) to help the doctor identify it.
Gowri Shankar, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, 2010
FIRST AID - DONTS
• Do not give sedatives to calm the patient.• Do not tie an electric cable, string or rubber tourniquet
and do not cut the bite site, or the bitten limb.• Do not use ice packs, electric shock or suction at the
site of bite.• Do not elevate the limb.• Do not use potassium permanganate.• Do not let the patient walk or run; keep them
immobilized.• Do not administer alcoholic beverage or any
medication• Do not give food or water, as both may be a choking
hazard if the person vomits.• Do not waste time with quack ‘remedies’.
http://www.snakecell.in/snakebite.html
THANK YOU
Website: www.agumberainforest.com
Email: gowrishankar.arrs@gmail.com
Blog: http://pogirigowrishankar.wordpress.com/
© G
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