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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Plates\Fig_199.ai
FIG_192: Title
Slurry Walls
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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\Fig_193
FIG_193: Settlements Caused by Diaphragm Wall Construction
0
0.1
0.2
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Distance from Excavation
Maximum Trench Depth Clough and ORourke (1990)
Project Name
Hong Kong Excavations (12)
London NPY (48)
Bell Common (50)
South Cove (22)
Studenterlunden (24)
Symbol
S
ettlement
Maximu
m
TrenchDepth,%
Heave
Settlement
Profile Assumed for Muni Analyses
(0.14%)
(1.1)
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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_194
FIG_194 : Excavation for Muni Metro Turnback Project
DepthBelo
wG
roundLevel,ft
20
0
40
60
80
100
120
140
Horizontal Distance from West SPTC Wall, f t
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
I-24 I-23
20
0
40
60
80
100
120
140Inclinometer
Inclinometer
36 ft
12 ft
30 ft 52 ft
Bay Mud
Old Sea Wall
Fill
Existing Building
Basement
Marine SandMarine Sand
Bay Mud
Steel Sold ier Piles
(Spaced 12 ft
on Center)
Concrete
SPTC Walls
A
B
C
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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_195
FIG_195: Construct ion of Soldi er Piles for SPTC Wall
DrillingEquipment
BucketAuger
SupportCrane
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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_196
FIG_196: Installation of Soldier Piles fo r SPTC Wall
Installation of Soldier Piles
Drilling Equipment
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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_197
FIG_197: Slurry Wall Constructi on
Excavated Spoils
Excavated Slurry Trench
Clamshell
Drilling Equipmentfor Soldier Piles
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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_198
FIG_198: Settlements Measured at End of SPTC Wall Construc tion
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Settlement,in
E
xcavation
SPTCWall
Distance from Excavation, ft
Distance from Excavation, ft
Interpreted Trend
SM7 SM8 SM9 SM10 SM11 SM12 SM13
SM7 SM8 SM9 SM10 SM11 SM12 SM13Line 23
Line 22
Line No.
2223
Symbol
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15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350
Piezo
metricLevel,(Elev
ationsCCSFDatum
),ft
Days After Piezometer Installation
No Activity
No Activity
PileDriving
Bay Mud
Fill
50 ft 70 ft
9 ft 3 ft
P-10
P-9
SPTCWall
Piezometers
W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_199
FIG_199: Excess Pore Pressures Caused by SPTC Wall Construction
P-9/P-10
Installationof SPTC Walls
Piezometer
P-9
P-10
Symbol
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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)FIG_200
FIG_200: Change in Pore Water Pressures: Effects of SPTC Wall Constructi on Pile Driving and Excavation
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
-140 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325
Nov 1993
Pie
zometricLevel,(E
levationsCCSFDatum),ft
Days After Piezometer Installation
Pile
DrivingRest Period ExcavationP-7 Installation of
SPTC WallsInstallation ofSPTC Walls
PileDriving Rest Period ExcavationP-8
Bay Mud
Fill
50 ft
Piezometer
70 ft
12 ft
P-7/P-8
SPTCWall
PiezometerP-7
P-8
Symbol
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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\Fig_201A
FIG_201A: Lateral Deformations During SPTC Wall Construction
10 5 0 5 10303540 25 20 15 10 0 55
1010
5 5
15 15
20 20
25 25
66m
135m
30 30
35 35
40 40
45 45
50 50
W68 W70 W72 W74 W76
5/16/94 5/16/94P69 P71 P73 P75
5/13/94 5/10/94
6.1 M6.1m
CL 24Inclinometer CL-24
ConstructionSequence
3.7m 3.7m 3.7m
COLMA
SAND
FILL
MARINE
SAND
OLD
BAY
CLAY
B
A
Y
M
U
D
DepthBelow
GroundLevel,m
DepthBelow
GroundLevel,m
Away from Excavation NORTHEASTWEST SOUTH
SoldierP
ile
SPTC
Wall
Lateral Deformation, mm Lateral Deformation, mm
P75P69 P71 P73
After Instal lat ion
of Soldier Piles
and Panels North
of W68
4/5/94
Deformations Parallel to the WallDeformations Transverse to the Wall Alignment
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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\Fig_201B
FIG_201B: Lateral Deformations During SPTC Wall Construction
10 5 0 5 10303540 25 20 15 10 0 55
1010
5 5
15 15
20 20
25 25
66m
135m
30 30
35 35
40 40
45 45
50 50
W68 W70 W72 W74 W76
5/16/94 5/16/94P69 P71 P73 P75
5/13/94 5/10/94
6.1 M6.1m
CL 24Inclinometer CL-24
ConstructionSequence
3.7m 3.7m 3.7m
COLMA
SAND
FILL
MARINE
SAND
OLD
BAY
CLAY
B
A
Y
M
U
D
DepthBelow
GroundLevel,m
DepthBelow
GroundLevel,m
Away from Excavation NORTHEASTWEST SOUTH
SoldierP
ile
SPTC
Wall
Lateral Deformation, mm Lateral Deformation, mm
P75P69 P71 P73
After Instal lat ion
of Soldier Piles
and Panels North
of W68
4/5/94
5/10/941
After Construct ionof Panel P75
Deformations Parallel to the WallDeformations Transverse to the Wall Alignment
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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\Fig_201C
FIG_201C: Lateral Deformations During SPTC Wall Construc tion
10 5 0 5 10303540 25 20 15 10 0 55
1010
5 5
15 15
20 20
25 25
66m
135m
30 30
35 35
40 40
45 45
50 50
W68 W70 W72 W74 W76
5/16/94 5/16/94P69 P71 P73 P75
5/13/94 5/10/94
6.1 M6.1m
CL 24Inclinometer CL-24
ConstructionSequence
3.7m 3.7m 3.7m COLMA
SAND
FILL
MARINE
SAND
OLD
BAY
CLAY
B
A
Y
M
U
D
DepthBelow
GroundLevel,m
DepthBelow
GroundLevel,m
Away from Excavation NORTHEASTWEST SOUTH
SoldierP
ile
SPTC
Wall
Lateral Deformation, mm Lateral Deformation, mm
P75P69 P71 P73
After Instal lat ion
of Soldier Piles
and Panels North
of W68
4/5/94
5/10/941
After Construct ionof Panel P75
5/13/942
After Construct ion
of Panel P73
Deformations Parallel to the WallDeformations Transverse to the Wall Alignment
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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\Fig_201D
FIG_201D: Lateral Deformations During SPTC Wall Construc tion
10 5 0 5 10303540 25 20 15 10 0 55
10
10
5 5
15 15
20 20
25 25
66m
135m
30 30
35 35
40 40
45 45
50 50
W68 W70 W72 W74 W76
5/16/94 5/16/94P69 P71 P73 P75
5/13/94 5/10/94
6.1 M6.1m
CL 24Inclinometer CL-24
ConstructionSequence
3.7m 3.7m 3.7m COLMA
SAND
FILL
MARINE
SAND
OLD
BAY
CLAY
B
A
Y
M
U
D
DepthBelow
GroundLevel,m
DepthBelow
GroundLevel,m
Away from Excavation NORTHEASTWEST SOUTH
SoldierP
ile
SPTC
Wall
Lateral Deformation, mm Lateral Deformation, mm
P75P69 P71 P73
After Instal lat ion
of Soldier Piles
and Panels North
of W68
4/5/94
5/10/941
After Construct ionof Panel P75
5/13/942
After Construct ion
of Panel P73
5/16/943
After Construct ion
of Panel P71
Deformations Parallel to the WallDeformations Transverse to the Wall Alignment
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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\Fig_201E
FIG_201E: Lateral Deformations During SPTC Wall Construc tion
10 5 0 5 10303540 25 20 15 10 0 55
10
10
5 5
15 15
20 20
25 25
66m
135m
30 30
35 35
40 40
45 45
50 50
W68 W70 W72 W74 W76
5/16/94 5/16/94P69 P71 P73 P75
5/13/94 5/10/94
6.1 M6.1m
CL 24Inclinometer CL-24
ConstructionSequence
3.7m 3.7m 3.7m COLMA
SAND
FILL
MARINE
SAND
OLD
BAY
CLAY
B
A
Y
M
U
D
DepthBelow
GroundLevel,m
DepthBelow
GroundLevel,m
Away from Excavation NORTHEASTWEST SOUTH
SoldierP
ile
SPTC
Wall
Lateral Deformation, mm Lateral Deformation, mm
P75P69 P71 P73
After Instal lat ion
of Soldier Piles
and Panels North
of W68
4/5/94
5/10/941
After Construct ionof Panel P75
5/13/942
After Construct ion
of Panel P73
5/16/943
After Construct ion
of Panel P71
5/16/944
After Construct ion
of Panel P69
Deformations Parallel to the WallDeformations Transverse to the Wall Alignment
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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\Fig_202
FIG_202: Variation o f Lateral Deformations with Distance from Excavation Effects of SPTC Wall Construction
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27
35
30
15
20
25
10
5
0
40
45
Horizontal Distance fromSPTC Wall, m
Inclinometers
BetweenSoldierPiles
Maximum
Later
alDisplacement,
,mm
h
I
SPTCWall
h
Marine Sand
BayMud
Fill
Inclinometer
TypicalProfiles
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WW:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)FIG_203B
FIG_203B: Lateral Deformations Caused by SPTC Wall Const ruction
15 10 5 0 5 10 15 2025 20 1530 10 5 0 5 10 15
10
5
0
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
10
5
0
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
FILL
B
A
Y
M
U
D
COLMA
SAND
OLD
BAY
CLAY
MARINE
DEPOSITS
762mmO.D.
GWT
W920 x 313
Away f rom Excavation Away f rom ExcavationTowards the Excavation Towards the Excavation
Lateral Deformation, mm Lateral Deformation, mm
DepthBelo
wGroundLevel,m
SteelCasing
Predrilling
406mmAuger
Range ofPile Tips
457mm
Concrete
Incremental Deformations Caused by Pile DrivingDeformations Caused by Construction of SPTC Walls
SoldierP
ile
SPTC
Wall
W30 W32 W34 W36 W38
5 16 94 5 16 94
P69 P71 P73 P75
5 13 94 5 1 94
Inclinometer CL-17
ConstructionSequence
P37P31
3.7m
P33 P35
0.9m
Aft er Ins tal lat ion
of Soldier Piles
and Panel No P31
3/6/941
After Constructi on
of Panel No P35
3/7/942
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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_203C
FIG_203C: Lateral Deformations Caused by SPTC Wall Cons truction
15 10 5 0 5 10 15 2025 20 1530 10 5 0 5 10 15
10
5
0
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
10
5
0
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
FILL
B
A
Y
M
U
D
COLMA
SAND
OLD
BAY
CLAY
MARINE
DEPOSITS
762mmO.D.
GWT
W920 x 313
Away f rom Excavation Away f rom ExcavationTowards the Excavation Towards the Excavation
Lateral Deformation, mm Lateral Deformation, mm
DepthBelo
wGroundLevel,m
SteelCasing
Predrilling
406mmAuger
Range ofPile Tips
457mm
Concrete
Incremental Deformations Caused by Pile DrivingDeformations Caused by Construction of SPTC Walls
SoldierP
ile
SPTC
Wall
W30 W32 W34 W36 W38
5 16 94 5 16 94
P69 P71 P73 P75
5 13 94 5 1 94
Inclinometer CL-17
ConstructionSequence
P37P31
3.7m
P33 P35
0.9m
Aft er Ins tal lat ion
of Soldier Piles
and Panel No P31
3/6/941
After Constructi on
of Panel No P35
3/7/942
Aft er Excavation
of Panel No P37
3/9/943
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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_203D
FIG_203D: Lateral Deformations Caused by SPTC Wall Cons truction
15 10 5 0 5 10 15 2025 20 1530 10 5 0 5 10 15
10
5
0
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
10
5
0
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
FILL
B
A
Y
M
U
D
COLMA
SAND
OLD
BAY
CLAY
MARINE
DEPOSITS
762mmO.D.
GWT
W920 x 313
Away f rom Excavation Away f rom ExcavationTowards the Excavation Towards the Excavation
Lateral Deformation, mm Lateral Deformation, mm
DepthBelo
wGroundLevel,m
SteelCasing
Predrilling
406mmAuger
Range ofPile Tips
457mm
Concrete
Incremental Deformations Caused by Pile DrivingDeformations Caused by Construction of SPTC Walls
SoldierP
ile
SPTC
Wall
W30 W32 W34 W36 W38
5 16 94 5 16 94
P69 P71 P73 P75
5 13 94 5 1 94
Inclinometer CL-17
ConstructionSequence
P37P31
3.7m
P33 P35
0.9m
Aft er Ins tal lat ion
of Soldier Piles
and Panel No P31
3/6/941
After Constructi on
of Panel No P35
3/7/942
Aft er Excavation
of Panel No P37
3/9/943
Aft er Constructi on
of Panel No P37
3/14/943
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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_203E
FIG_203E: Lateral Deformations Caused by SPTC Wall Construction
15 10 5 0 5 10 15 2025 20 1530 10 5 0 5 10 15
10
5
0
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
10
5
0
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
FILL
B
A
Y
M
U
D
COLMA
SAND
OLD
BAY
CLAY
MARINE
DEPOSITS
762mmO.D.
GWT
W920 x 313
Away f rom Excavation Away f rom ExcavationTowards the Excavation Towards the Excavation
Lateral Deformation, mm Lateral Deformation, mm
DepthBelo
wGroundLevel,m
SteelCasing
Predrilling
406mmAuger
Range ofPile Tips
457mm
Concrete
Incremental Deformations Caused by Pile DrivingDeformations Caused by Construction of SPTC Walls
SoldierP
ile
SPTC
Wall
W30 W32 W34 W36 W38
5 16 94 5 16 94
P69 P71 P73 P75
5 13 94 5 1 94
Inclinometer CL-17
ConstructionSequence
P37P31
3.7m
P33 P35
0.9m
Aft er Ins tal lat ion
of Soldier Piles
and Panel No P31
3/6/941
After Constructi on
of Panel No P35
3/7/942
Aft er Excavation
of Panel No P37
3/9/943
Aft er Constructi on
of Panel No P37
3/14/943
Aft er Constructi onof Panel No P33
3/18/944
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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)Fig_204
FIG_204: Deformations Caused by Construction of Slur ry Walls in Soft Clays in Singapore
Source:(Poh and Wong, 1998)
0 15 30 45
10
0
20
30
40
50
60
Lateral Soil Movement, mm Distance Behind Front Edge of Wall Panel, m
0 3 6 9 12 15
SoilSe
ttlement,mm
D
epth,m
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
Before Concreting
Symbol Construction Stage
After Concreting
4 Hours After Concreting
8 Hours After Concreting
MEDIUM DENSECLAYEY SAND
HARDSILTY CLAY
FILL
STIFFSILTY CLAY
SOFT TOMEDIUMSTIFFMARINECLAY
VERY SOFTTO SOFT
MARINECLAY
End of Excavation
Before Concreting
Symbol Construction Stage
After Concreting
4 Hours After Concreting
8 Hours After Concreting
Effect of Concreting of WallPanel on Lateral Soil Movements
Affect of Concret ing of WallPanel on Soil Settlements
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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_205
FIG_ 205: Stress Changes and Deformations During Slurry Wall Constructi on
A
C
B
O
Axial Strain, a
CompressionExtension
-h +h
Slurry
Excavation
Concrete
Backfill
+
K f-Line (Compression)
p'= '
1+ '
3
2
K f-Line(Extension)
Ko-Line(Normally Consolidated)
ShearStress,q'=
'1-
'3
2
Compression
Extension
O
A'A
BB'
u
u
'vo
-
C'
ESP
TSP
'vo
hA h+
= hB
hB
'vo
+
'vo
+h h
+= hA
hA
'vo
Excavation ofSlurry Trench
Compression - Loading
Physical Condition
Trench Backfilledwith Concrete
Concrete Shrinkage+ Inward Deflection
of Wall
Reduction in TotalHorizontal Stress
Stress ChangesStressPath ID
O-A'
A'-B'
B'-C'
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