Slide 1 of 26 Chemistry. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 26 Properties of Matter Bamboo has properties that make it a good choice for use.
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Slide 1 of 26
Chemistry
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 2 of 26
Properties of Matter
Bamboo has properties that make it a good choice for use in chopsticks. It has no noticeable odor or taste. It is hard, yet easy to split, and it is heat resistant. You will learn how properties can be used to classify and identify matter.
2.1
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Properties of Matter >
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Describing Matter
Describing Matter
How can properties used to describe matter be classified?
2.1
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Properties of Matter > Describing Matter
Properties used to describe matter can be classified as extensive or intensive.
2.1
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Properties of Matter > Describing Matter
Extensive Properties
•The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains.
•The volume of an object is a measure of the space occupied by the object.
•An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample.
2.1
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Properties of Matter > Describing Matter
Intensive Properties
An intensive property is a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter. The hardness of a bowling ball is an example of an intensive property.
2.1
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Properties of Matter >
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Identifying Substances
Identifying Substances
Why do all samples of a substance have the same intensive properties?
2.1
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Properties of Matter >
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Indentify each of the following as an extensive property or intensive property,
a.Melting point b. mass c. density d. length
Ans: intensive a and c extensive b and d
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Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances
Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance. These kettles are mainly copper. Copper is an example of a substance.
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Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances
This sculpture of a falcon is made of gold. Gold is an example of a substance.
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Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances
Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition.
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Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances
A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition.
Hardness, color, conductivity, and malleability are examples of physical properties.
2.1
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Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances2.1
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Properties of Matter >
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States of Matter
States of Matter
What are three states of matter?
2.1
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Properties of Matter > States of Matter
Three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
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Properties of Matter > States of Matter
Solids
A solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.
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Properties of Matter > States of Matter
Liquid
A liquid is a form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume.
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Properties of Matter > States of Matter
Gases
A gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container.
2.1
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Properties of Matter > Question!
Classify each of the following as a either a solid, liquid or gas at room temperature.
a.Milk b. air c. copper d. helium
e. Diamond f. candle wax
Ans. A. liquid b. gas c. solid d. gas
e. Solid f. solid
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Properties of Matter > States of Matter
Animation 1
Relate the states of matter to the arrangements of their particles.
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Properties of Matter > States of Matter
Vapor describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature, as in water vapor.
Gas is used for a substance that is gas at room temperature. Can you name one?
2.1
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Properties of Matter >
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Physical Changes
Physical Changes
How can physical changes be classified?
2.1
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Properties of Matter > Physical Changes
During a physical change, some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change.
As gallium melts in a person’s hand, the shape of the sample changes, but the composition of the material does not change.
2.1
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Properties of Matter > Other terms- Physical Changes
Boil
Freeze
Melt , Condense
Break
Split, grind, cut, crush
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Properties of Matter > Physical Changes
Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible.
• All physical changes that involve a change from one state to another are reversible.
• Cutting hair, filing nails, and cracking an egg are examples of irreversible physical changes.
2.1
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Section Quiz
-or-Continue to: Launch:
Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section
2.1 Section Quiz.
2.1.
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1. Which of the following would be described as an extensive property of matter?
a. temperature
b. color
c. mass
d. hardness
2.1 Section Quiz.
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2.1 Section Quiz.
2. Which properties can be observed without changing the composition of a substance?
a. all properties of a substance
b. intensive properties
c. chemical properties
d. physical properties
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Slide 29 of 26
2.1 Section Quiz.
3. Match the states of matter with the following descriptions:
(1) takes the volume and shape of its container
(2) has a definite shape and volume
(3) has a definite volume but an indefinite shape
a. (1) liquid, (2) solid and (3) gas
b. (1) gas, (2) solid, and (3) liquid
c. (1) gas, (2) liquid, and (3) solid
END OF SHOW
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