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1 c g, "{,,,i - { g, 2. ..L' \ -',J, ; / | : ) G., J.,- f, - r

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(' yAJu Jvi =',t G f o 6lr4tt,,.,r,;'j, dl,! V)s;i "{r,/q,

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JAt Jl Jw; J,r J a, ". . it: i! J: -:,:t i i* J,Ji t-,J ^t"i, jv.;,,,, rJ 7.,i p*,, 4.;5.,,

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j,i 1 ?, i -.- d o ; i,, J,o !,r. | : =.-,;,

:d/J+tC,umminsBilingual Children's Mother torguge:Why is it lmportant for education."......One of the strongly establishedfinding of education researah Conclucted inmany countries around the world is that _

lmplemented biling ua I programme promoteiiterary and subject matter in minorityLanguage with out any Negative effects onchildren development in the majorityLanguage......"

Lt i o{,.l,te' -.q - - -- ij i J, 4t, u. - ;-

,f ;z'at.(,, s r.tJ,,Jt,fi b,f-: +,-';e {-.t2)- t,a:t )

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L, oyt { oct;,1, i Jr. 6.,t.d z U,/,.1y {t,,i,t-,L4

i -r -ir 7r --, - 7, n 2{ 4,v(.{, . -,. ,, 4

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jt*r.,i il e'lhd-,1-' u,l t ttJt't r v1.a

,.,i 6,1e,/z O { d-'[TMonolingualLJL s. <--t,P 6 t 4l,, Mo n oling ualism 6,

j{72'r; ',1,4q-fiv-1J,6,11J-,

a 4_,/,iLv-_ lVt (<,vvt)u!,vJ EJr2'-(. _ jt j-v

\{izfrar";,,-,?:4The person knows only one language

doesn,t know turly that Language.

Terriligualismf Bili ngualisne.liUnL 1f ( Et t e,!

-d*-.fc.-v6''f 4 +' - -,n ),,,t,' Jr t zi,5 i, f ,t,,is ": Ju, 6,v, -1t 64t*t ]u,$y1,a, it Li o!, 4,tr 4r g/,>t L Li e,ps t ;t7 1'ju J Ll ;/ sf- 9

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-c,/,i- jr M onoli g ual ism

cl *, Vi/:b t t y <- t 1ri g tt FU il ; Z-r ;, I g /rj t,/"yi;tttrtti-"tnni" Z-iMulti-tinguat,-(<-, gdtr,l('!\jf;

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- -, j,L il {, Iu :_ 4 u,_ :;{ i 2._,1;, ct,f,l U O, u/,t c t ;, irp,l$

There are two major patterns in bilingualacquisition: Simultaneous bilingualism andSequestial ir!!!ngualism: in Simu ltaneousbilingualisll, tt:s Child acquires twoLanguages ai t',i-. Sa:I* time.

L5 1-t t -.-t tJ) :. *;' l" j7; 6, 1f;19; 72, ),,/ .,

- *:lU ; rt{J : - .t zt 1 3.t - a- ;y'a> J, t i,t,Si,-rt g,t; J il14'|/ :,*,-, J ---,&, ji, i,' -( y'C

- z- ti J9 : r r 4t : jz, i t, -( -- r/. j f ;, 1 5, a t ) o r,._ )

@t Ligenerative gru ^^, -4-r tF4,y-.ry

a, t.-,i )9 s {,{t I Jc f ,J: t ), t t, :-;' " "

_ tiC,y i S{*,-fuv_,_ { tt 44L,,,,1t,Sorne Researchers thought that early

72explosure to two languages put children at adisadvantage. Newer resarch tells is that thisno so. and there may be advantages to beingbilingual (in addition to Knowing more thanone language. such as more flexible thinking.

t;)z-';r- t;Jt.:,gtr jf.u( x;1thgtg; tiit -f,.

- c! ls (,1' ip- < J /o'+t - s 4 n t) t J t +i"Bilingual children often use words from one

language when speaking the other.(This iscalled code- switching) but this does notmean they are confused about whichlanguage ihey are Speaking.... yet in speakingto monolinguals. bilingual children arecareful to use only the reievent language.

Ol 1 t - 4t J,C t)l i tl i O{,-f- U ;, ; 2-t, ll. t-4- oz i1) ; ( V6, r,i 2i g1 4-l;- 2t.:,e,t f.,J,.- t,

Language mixing is normal where every bodyspeaks both languages.lt doesn,l mean thatthe childr€n will forget one language. and itdoes n,t mean that they can,t te ll thedifference any more betwee n twoLanguages."

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uEt ) L)v' i J t'0' 6 J t- ti(;('j, g, ik,, c,at ot_

It used to be suggested that bilingual childrenwere a little slower learning to speak thanmonolignal childran . this is no longer anaccepted view in any case such differencewould be very small.... it is dangrous to thinkthat the child is bilingual."14,:t" E,fD, ?J c / tL-, rJl,-,, +, i *-.r,f:' l,y,1,r*l'o 4, 9- - ,L.f'r/,pt'J..: j!.; L )J --at

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' iJt t o{-- 4 tl Conf use g{lb etrg I JttiG(-o4 :/L' i J /i t a, ;t- t :. ;' J- -

Children are not confused by hearing morethan one language. we have Known for a

long time that bilingual children separatetheir languages from the age of two: currentsuggests they seprate them from the begining.

u c t, iu {.1 $t,lo | { &1 t ; "t,t-

t, a / ut,i :.eltt t{i oc,- :x dr, j/ti.-a' fi - st tlxg tld&

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-xx-,1-tti)tlvi L1r,ij/Jv?tJt+)y.vj.u,-'S|il/t5's)t,;n o

_z_r6u?

St ;5 g$t Li ct dag 4 /1,"f:,, tty; tJ, 4q o

_-uave,llatiJ/-_y,l tl {J r s - +,s t f b'/.- rry 2.t,,fi s/: 6 } igtt

iJr ;.1 ttU/J/+t;t st-,.,i L <--r g4te i "l,!'r'1,

s c- a i/[,),!6,,i z-v.,J, o,&,f ,r st),,,'- {',?,! yuv g.{'er, $,t|h a xJg o{- dl )( o' ie4

_d,*and let them learn majority language of

Community outside the home.

,t {- i 6 a iat /3. 4 r., u,,/r'J, n, ot b, i t

', J- VEZ 4 4,1 - I J, o4v gr n i,,1 s. o{ - --t e.,,

ico-,f,,,i zt.( ?uV 1, i.i, 4a,/4 1t,t {i( - 1',1't 4,,J- fin L iL t' r )a t,;' :

Ltr1: htt p:// linguistlist org/ask-ling/liling2 .cfm2: hlt pll www.kidsgrowth com/ resources/

articledetail. cfm? id=1 2293: htt p:// www. ileachilearn. com/ Cummins/

mother. htm.4: Raising bilingual children written by

antonella sorace and Bob ladd- thelinguistic society of America.

5: htt p:// www. lsadc. org.

Lr?"att.l ..- , L:

/J" t7U:.P1)

f4 1 l,u.l.-,,j p,Jar Li e,Va rt tf-rr j,/Father of gi(. ...v,tsza)Noam chomskyij' i -) -,"t L O{'lt - --4, {i Moaern tinguisrics

ftr {J, e {;i, 21 ;t 4,t j! {(, 1 s1 3r,,tt,s7)/v 6 j )e,o,- .F -: -: ii.'^--.x--,J, _;( .17s4t,12 46)ir< Ac-a-Falhrr of modern lingusticsg/sr*-"{o;ut: 1,-7 ;-{,s..,,q,i, t --, j4t,fZ,*1,5yL ;f \, gi : tl, v J1.,, li - {f e, o u na breaking L

- t sj,.; o, f,-, f4 1 i :74.,,; $_._t LfiJ, 4; J (-!l(t'ir';; it1;yr )' -;.1g2B l,,z-?trir;,i'S-t- -; -:. v : e,

a t, r,, r,, g'1,ia:;1,o,r,,.:,yl ;f*q.,t + t,t/,-f v d- {,1 $t 4o1,,h;tLi -GOt L.,)r-rlvi (r,

" l gSS (7,(M.t.T) Ltjt* ji

e /f/ 4 e. t; t, P 6, t a- ), et i iJ, 0,,, z o I o pt I v, ri. ;;,,'/.-' ; ? 4;t - 1. f6,@ t e,.v;t f4 o r tLz-_te.!e_ e.J..; :- ! . --, -,F,I ,' :- -e :

" .f* o,tt" -, tt,*

- - at gl' t it i t I / -' :' -E: t

tlt att +*t -tfr br r 1957 Syntactic Structures

-e14tOttVO,{Ott'tLL*1- Current lssues in linguistic theory

2- Aspects of the theory of Syntax

3: Cartesian linguistics: A chaPter in the

history of rationalist thought-1 966

4: language and mind-1968

5: Topics in the theory of generative

grammar'1975

6: The logical structure of lingunstic theory

7: Reflection of language '1975.

8: Language and the study of mind 1984

9: Language and psycholoEical Setting 1987

10: Language and problem of knowledge

11 : Language and thought '1993.

dti.- r,t ut {,6 i7 i. I u -YP irt--' tPr,

generative ;tlF,' ,9t, -c-t )r u .:.'uQ ,! * L\lTransformationa t j'l-, 'f 'r --* ry' r-'grammar

l u -/t o l,,.- rr-' - - : r - )','./r,' (Universal ) .] i -

-y.-/it'oy"

.-._._.2.9._._._._._._._

Jesperson d./;t dfa e,VA,re <_t_l/jb c,E tt.--l ftt i, evt) r -tt lg b (,1943 r,1 860)

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Q e gl i/<-- : e.:.t 4J,1 tti4r tt e, *;a_t )t;,U [)q-,ld u!r:,,s,r ;.-, Co,(, Jc d,,,{ovt _1_r !,r q,fjo, D, g.,., ).-, -,L 4, g,thoe ; o #-16 t t:/- )r t _U t i: ;,7e' gtr ; )v/n ti4-r b aa[ ] ty" -, kZ _._ 4<-' l/ 46u,nr r1rr C, G,,

g "r-'

-,. . y,?sl _ - g---'Ju-,,t4 ie-a,lf Ut' eVe tu <-_, 9?l )r V,i Li Ja,

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oLf,l,tE-.-!" \2LJ!(computationat process)

4-r Lic4* jettt,(generative proc.s.lfj )rH-,- rr-.ffr "

g 1e,,i, i- lf ida- )oVU rt I1 r r u(r e,,

jy,,1 u $ so o v,s.._ ri P,,J,r?4?,,\){L,}U/Jrptz.t,,r/u|oUrj,y-r.-,t,f ,F b,, lssz syntatic Sructure .

= f4, -i _-

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l* t g/<-S :<-, 1Jv, t G t)<-- tZ {o} - <--t tl.L d,ut

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._._.-.9.9._._._._._._._

Li <-,C oi r L/2_i'trf; "-, -yt; a* t?q,l n.- 1i 1, : { t f $ :- tJf t/ laenetic coaey i{ t)y*Jc.u!|,1 &u a, ovt s <--* i L o { t,/}( tr g};r-r Lig{qt ii.-t $tt c* tl ;; -, v ff c16, dl ;z g,,L{is c { I : * t,.>, v 1f Z',,f J_ - } rfflt _,_ - d;i, ktsz-t4tsrg | lJ u.t,tfu Li 6 $q, 6F, 4; tJ, Jl. -a,,trfJ-)j!,d{i"z,,tu;plx f)(art -ri-.,LLanguage facutty p4J/Zt' lt;t w1-t,t Li uvpJ6 q r, iru,,)A c._tp lblanguage laculty L OL ) r>, ; r/e. Ut t OVt _ a_.1

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= P -:,,P2

L.ttdir u[l<_/t oi2_ u, -i]Z:, JutL ]:.:r) J., Jpst.,v*.- 1i fq6, I <--4t st )(,i2-.-,i ifJ, 4S-, : -;Ps { n - ;,; ;r - ".7.

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._._._.9.3._._._._._._.-

6, . f :-i f4 6,'". ; i" =

/ j" 3-." 51 /, iL 1 bp $yntatic Structures.-,ii6 r/ag' :r2"O _&ja

ut,t tt, - ( i --i S 4 { t:,, ! t f.-, r ;t 1/S t $ jfLi- | o {aut r{-.v )c,)'t p r,J-,, jq

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@ i'eQe rt st ; ::ti " -tr j,i -f,t 4 d f 6 | j *l__, {_4 ) ju,1*-,a,.. i,,:E ps kzr ;..

* j:r:i)?-ta-s j,., i'-,1'lf-,faFunctional Grammar @. -il?J4,-{ j';"-"i*c- :t <. d o,tt - 4 - I -3 -,-, J, -,' y {,. f4 - kel; t t J i<- t tt -.- t.f; ;) E Ev e r ett6 t,iir _ I g e r! r-)

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._. _. _._8.-3._._._._..

,' e ? t u?' f , J, +-, l i- 1,-: ;";,,- ; :;i -i;; rt;;

J! (.'!":;"t-'g 1.2'_ ai,; i"3,. - 11.t{ Lu, J,cr';4 04 iJ eti^in.tive Materiatist rP .-,r-i,1"*- 9:- ; *' {:-, *,' :-,-,d-, kt J, _ lJ! i _ c,f_,

91 - " f.'"*j. - r, J., t{ *. : e j.f ,{.,

Jean Jacques c,VUttr{.,u-,! jtiz--,;/ jgy,-,A Marxist phitosophy of -;.j,rLecerele{-4i-4x.-,--7.-,r?zr:,,(^z;tJz,fi)ransuaseZi :.lt -/z-t rla ,t - L) ,tlharmfut gfir Li t-t

-- $:C': ie,- ;' j, J, - $,h-t . -,f - . , ?- . ..J- _)J-ty-g,,"J t1,l/tt _,,t1: _ J-1,(c

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) ( L ec{.,1i-,t ftt j, "t;

i2 t / - : * ?* : erl//.

ii: t7 1. :- t.;/ L'. $ i z_, -; ; _ {- J * _ _, 4-,-'J"!--\-6,J)-'st:

Ltt,. 1s81 O, "18 /1,,! j t u 2 1 c - tl,.' | y-p,fJ'- c i,t2: htt p:// www.chomsky. info/ books. hmt3: htt p:// en. wikipedia. org / wiki/ Noam

chomsky.4r htt p: // en. wikipedia .org/ wiki/ pirah %

c3 % 43_ Language.5: A marxist Philosophy of Language by

jean. Jacques Lecercle (English)translation Gragory Elllott- Brill- LiedenBoston 2006.

6: Logical Syntax and Semantics : TheirLinguistic Relevance by Noam Chomsky -Language vol.3 No1 (Jan- Mar i955)

7: Language and Mind by Noam Chomskyp 36-45 Third edition Cambridgeuniversty press 2006 history of

8: Unting Chomskian Linguictics andSociolingu istics by k.p Mohanam.

9: Reflection on language by Noamchomsky Pantheon books 192S.

10: Power and prospects : Reflection onhuman nature and the Social orderbostan. South end press ..1996

11: Noam chomsky on Language by Aaronstark 8- Agenda - Decemhar 1988.

ocr;tli Jv-rc tif 97v

Ferdinand de saussure7,., _rJ)_ I*,JJi

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