Simultaneous satellite and radar data

HRV (70-100%) IR10.8 (Tb<240K)

HRV (70-100%) radar Zmax > 35dBz

HRV cloud (HRV,HRV,IR10.8) radar Zmax > 35dBz

10-minute lightning data (CC+CG)(CC+CG)

Simultaneous satellite and radar data

The radar images overlaid on satellite images are always interpolated in time (using displacement vector fields) to the satellite ‘European time’ (nominal + 10 minutes). (P. Németh)

The parallax effect is not corrected.

CC: cloud to cloud flashes, CG: cloud to ground flashes

Satellite, radar and lightning data

Lightning

In the updraft part of a cell many collisions happen between cloud particles, and the particles may became electrically charged.

The positive and negative charges accumulate in different parts of the clouds.

The generated poles cause discharges: first intra-cloud then cloud-to-ground flashes of lightning.

The highest number of discharges occur in the closed ambience of the overshooting top. 

Developing stage -- single cell

The following features characterize the developing of a single cell:

•The developing stage lasts 5 to 10 minutes

•A distinct single updraft is prevailing

•The diameter of the cell is between 2 and 8 km

•At the end of this stage lightning is most intense

Lightning in the upstream part of

Cb/MCS

Lightning activity was extremly high in this MCS, more then 1000 CC (cloud to cloud) flashes were detected per 10 minutes between 6-11UTC.

Between 10:10-10:20UTC almost 8000 CC flashes were detected.

HRV (70-100%)

HRV (70-100%) Radar

Zmax (>35dBz)

IR10.8 (<240K)

HRV cloud Radar Zmax

(>35dBz) 10min

lightning

Parallax shift

Overshooting top

High radar reflectivities close to

overshooting tops

The majority of lightnings are close to overshooting

tops

Cold rings, cold U shape

Overshooting top

Cold rings, cold U shape

Overshooting top

Cold rings, cold U shape

Cold rings, cold U shape

Overshooting top

Plume

Overshooting top

CCCG

Asymmetric bow echo

After this less flashes

Radial Ci

Overshooting top

Bow echo

The number of the flashes decreased at about 11UTC and further decreased after 12UTC.

The system became less active.