Transcript
6Congress
Video: The Big Picture
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6
Video: The Basics
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6
The Nature and Style of Representation
Models of Representation Delegate Model Trustee Model Politico Model Conscience Model
Constituent Service and Symbolic Representation
6.1
FIGURE 6.1: Representing the Will of the People
6.1
6.1 Which model of representation allows a member to vote for the good of the whole?
6.1
a. Delegate model
b. Trustee model
c. Politico model
d. Conscience model
6.1 Which model of representation allows a member to vote for the good of the whole?
6.1
a. Delegate model
b. Trustee model
c. Politico model
d. Conscience model
Video: In Context
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6.1
A Bicameral Legislature
Who Can Serve in Congress?
Congressional Elections
Law making
Redistricting and Reapportionment
6.2Congress and the Constitution
Senator Mitch McConnell listens to a question.
6.2
Bicameral Legislature
House of Representatives Representatives elected directly Two-year terms
Senate Senators elected by state legislature Six-year terms
6.2
TABLE 6.1: Key Differences between the House and Senate.
6.2
Who Can Serve in Congress?
Age Requirements Differ for House and Senate
Residency and Citizenship Requirements Also differ for House and Senate
Rotation
6.2
Regulation left to states
Voting Rights Act of 1965
National Voter Registration Act
Congressional Elections 6.2
Rep. Aaron Schock 6.2
Lawmaking
Legislative process Both Chambers must pass a bill
Presidential actions Signature, veto, pocket veto
Powers of Congress Elastic clause, or “necessary and proper” clause
6.2
TABLE 6.2: Powers of Congress under the U.S. Constitution
6.2
Redistricting and Reapportionment
Census Determines number of House members from each state;
shift is called reapportionment
Redistricting States redraw congressional districts to reflect
population shifts
Gerrymandering Redistricting for political gain
6.2
FIGURE 6.2: That’s not a salamander; it’s a gerrymander!
6.2
FIGURE 6.3: Distribution of Congressional power
6.2
6.2 What power is given to Congress by the elastic clause?
6.2
a. Regulate commerce
b. Declare war
c. Raise and spend revenue
d. Make laws as needed to implement powers
6.2 What power is given to Congress by the elastic clause?
6.2
a. Regulate commerce
b. Declare war
c. Raise and spend revenue
d. Make laws as needed to implement powers
Organizing Congress: Committees
Standing Committees
What Committees Do
6.3
Standing Committees
Subcommittees
Select committees
Joint and standing joint committees
Conference committees
6.3
TABLE 6.3: Standing Committees in the 113th Congress
6.3
What Committees Do
Referral and jurisdiction Committee reports, language “mark up”
Hearings and investigations Bureaucratic oversight
Committee staffers Research, “unelected representatives”
6.3
Musician Sheryl Crow 6.3
6.3 Which committee hammers out differences in bills passed by the House and Senate?
6.3
a. Conference Committee
b. Joint Committee
c. Standing Committee
d. Select Committee
6.3 Which committee hammers out differences in bills passed by the House and Senate?
6.3
a. Conference Committee
b. Joint Committee
c. Standing Committee
d. Select Committee
Organizing Congress: Political Parties and Leadership Parties in the Legislatures
Legislative Leadership
6.4
Parties in the Legislatures
Function and role of parties Orientation for new members Setting the agenda Committee appointments and floor votes
The importance of majority status
Congressional caucuses
6.4
Blue Dog Democrats 6.4
Senator Evan Bayh 6.4
Video: Thinking Like a Political Scientist
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6.4
Legislative Leadership
Organization Speaker of the House Senate President Pro Tempore Majority and Minority Leaders Whips
Leadership Powers Formal powers Informal powers
6.4
6.4 Which position carries the most influence in the Senate?
6.4
a. President Pro Tempore
b. Senate President
c. U.S. Vice President
d. Majority Leader
6.4 Which position carries the most influence in the Senate?
6.4
a. President Pro Tempore
b. Senate President
c. U.S. Vice President
d. Majority Leader
Explore Congress: Can Congress Get Anything Done?
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6.4
Organizing Congress: Rules and Norms
The Filibuster
Unwritten Rules
Specialization
6.5
The Filibuster
Negotiating the terms for debate Unanimous consent Cloture Hold
6.5
Senator Strom Thurmond 6.5
Unwritten Rules
Seniority Deference and power granted to most senior members
of each chamber
Apprenticeship norm
Civility “The distinguished gentleman” vs. “You lie!”
6.5
Rep. Joe Wilson 6.5
Specialization
Reciprocity “You scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours.”
Logrolling Members exchange support on each other’s bills
Earmarks and Pork-Barrel Legislation Federal money that benefits a member’s district
6.5
6.5 The unwritten rule of reciprocity on earmarks is known as:
6.5
a. Pork-barrel legislation
b. Civility
c. Logrolling
d. Seniority
6.5 The unwritten rule of reciprocity on earmarks is known as:
6.5
a. Pork-barrel legislation
b. Civility
c. Logrolling
d. Seniority
Video: In the Real World
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6.5
How a Bill Becomes a Law
General Steps
Unorthodox Lawmaking
Emergency Legislation
6.6
General Steps
Introduction of a Bill Referral Committee Consideration Rules for Floor Action Floor Consideration Conference Committee Presidential Action Overriding a Presidential Veto
6.6
FIGURE 6.4: How a Bill Becomes a Law
6.6
Unorthodox Lawmaking
Generic Bills Details worked out in conference committee
“Ping-ponging” Amended bills bounce back and forth between the
chambers
Omnibus Measures Numerous issues and topics in one bill
6.6
Emergency Legislation
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 “Wall Street Bailout Bill”
Lessons Learned As Framers intended, executive can move more quickly
than legislative Constituencies: What’s good in one member’s district
not necessarily good in another’s Senators generally more able to weather effects of
important but unpopular legislation
6.6
6.6 Bills that have more than one issue or topic are called
a. Generic bills
b. Omnibus measures
c. Budget bills
d. Specialization
6.6
6.6 Bills that have more than one issue or topic are called
a. Generic bills
b. Omnibus measures
c. Budget bills
d. Specialization
6.6
Explore the Simulation: You Are a Consumer Advocate
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Who Sits in Congress?
Gender, Race, and Ethnicity
Income, Education, and Occupation
6.7
Gender, Race, and Ethnicity
Gender After slow but steady gains in female representation,
numbers of women in Congress dipped after 2010 elections
Race and Ethnicity African Americans underrepresented, but numbers have
improved since the 1980s Hispanic American (Latino) representation in Congress also
lags well behind general population
6.7
FIGURE 6.5: Percentages of Women in State Legislatures
6.7
Income, Occupation, and Education
Income Members of Congress wealthier than general population Senate “Millionaires Club”
Occupation and Education Roughly 40% of Congress are lawyers Bankers and business professionals, who are generally
well educated, also make up about 40% of congressional population
6.7
TABLE 6.4: Top Twenty Richest Members of Congress in 2012
6.7
FIGURE 6.6: Occupations, Education, Party Profile, and Gender Composition of the 112th Congress
6.7
6.7 Hispanics make up ___ percent in Congress.
6.7
a. 17
b. 13
c. 9.5
d. 5
6.7 Hispanics make up ___ percent in Congress.
6.7
a. 17
b. 13
c. 9.5
d. 5
Are Americans Losing Faith in the “People’s Branch”? Criminal and Ethics Charges
Perception vs. Reality
6.8
FIGURE 6.7: Public Opinion Poll on Congressional Ethics
6.8
Criminal and Ethics Charges
Members of Congress Tom Delay indicted on criminal conspiracy Larry Craig arrested for lewd behavior Ted Stevens charged with corruption (later acquitted) Anthony Weiner forced to resign following “sexting”
scandal Spencer Bachus investigated for insider trading
Lobbyists Jack Abramoff indicted on string of charges
6.8
Perception vs. Reality
Perceptions Increasing numbers of Americans report dissatisfaction
with Congress Increased reporting of ethical lapses
Reality Overall corruption has decreased Members of Congress now face tougher rules and
procedures.
6.8
6.8 This lobbyist was indicted on a string of corruption charges:
6.8
a. Tom Delay
b. Jack Abramoff
c. Anthony Weiner
d. Ted Stevens
6.8 This lobbyist was indicted on a string of corruption charges:
6.8
a. Tom Delay
b. Jack Abramoff
c. Anthony Weiner
d. Ted Stevens
Video: So What?
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6.8
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