SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW Vocabulary. VIVID VERBS Verbs that are descriptive Ex. Instead of run – sprint, jog, race Avoid “to be” verbs Ex. Instead of.
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SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW
Vocabulary
VIVID VERBS
Verbs that are descriptive• Ex. Instead of run – sprint, jog, race
Avoid “to be” verbs• Ex. Instead of “He was hit by the car.” –
“The car slammed into the boy.”
SENSORY DETAILS
Imagery
Senses: sight, hearing, touch, smell,
taste
Vivid descriptions that appeal to one
or more of the five senses.
SYNTAX
The arrangement of words and the
order of grammatical elements in a
sentence; the way in which words are
put together to make meaningful
elements, such as phrases and clauses
METAPHOR
A strong comparison that does not use
“like” or “as”• Ex. “…Juliet is the sun.” - Romeo and
Juliet II, ii, 3
ALLUSION
An indirect reference to a famous
person, place, event, or literary work• Ex. At the beginning of Romeo and Juliet
there are a lot of allusions to Cupid. “He jests at scars that never felt a wound.” – Romeo and Juliet II, i
OXYMORON
A combination of two contradictory words
that form a verbal paradox.• Ex. “heavy lightness” “loving hate” - Romeo
and Juliet I, i
ALLITERATION
The repetition of consonant sounds at
the beginning of words• Ex. “From forth the fatal loins of these
two foes”
SIMILE
Comparison using the words “like” or
“as”.• Ex: “Death lies on her like an untimely
frost Upon the sweetest flower of all the field.” – Romeo and Juliet IV, v, 28-29
DIALOGUE
Written conversation between two or
more characters
Used to bring characters to life and give
readers insight into the character’s
qualities, traits, and reactions to other
characters
RHYMING COUPLETS
Two consecutive lines of verse with end
rhyme; usually expresses a complete unit
of thought• Ex: “The which if you with patient ears
attend,What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend.”
INTERNAL RHYME
Rhyme that occurs within a single
line of poetry• Ex. “I love thee to the depth and
breadth and height” – “Sonnet 43” by Elizabeth Barrett Browning
SONNET
A 14 line poem written in iambic
pentameter (10 syllables per line) and
with the rhyme scheme ABAB CDCD
EFEF GG
FREE VERSE
Poetry without a fixed pattern or
meter or rhyme
CONFLICT: INTERNAL & EXTERNAL
Conflict (Problem) – struggle between opposing forces
External Conflicts – The character is opposed by some
outside force. • Character v. Character, Character v. Nature, Character v.
Society
Internal Conflicts – the conflict takes place within the
mind of the character.• Character v. Himself.
PUN
A play on words that have two meanings
or two words that sound the same• Ex: “Ask for me tomorrow and you shall
find me a grave man” – Romeo and Juliet III, i, 91-92
• Grave = serious or a place where a body is buried
STAGE DIRECTIONS
Instructions, usually printed in italic
type, that serve as a guide to directors,
set and lighting designers, performers,
and readers
NARRATIVE
AKA. Story: A report of related events
presented to the listeners or readers in words
arranged in a logical sequence.
Told by a narrator• may be a direct part of that experience; often
shares the experience as a first-person narrator• may only observe the events as a third-person
narrator
SYMBOLISM
When a symbol (person, place, object,
activity that stands for something
beyond itself) is used• Ex. In To Kill a Mockingbird, a
mockingbird symbolizes an innocent person that should be protected
IMAGERY
Descriptive or figurative language that appeals
to the senses and is used to create word pictures• Ex. “The Radley Place jutted into a sharp curve beyond our
house. Walking south, one faced its porch; the sidewalk turned and ran beside the lot. The house was low, was once white with a deep front porch and green shutters, but it had long ago darkened to the color of the slate-gray yard around it. Rain-rotted shingles drooped over the eaves of the veranda; oak trees kept the sun away. The remains of a picket drunkenly guarded the front yard – a “swept” yard that was never swept – where johnson grass and rabbit-tobacco grew in abundance.
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
Language that uses figures of speech,
words, or phrases that describe one thing in
terms of another and are not meant to be
interpreted literally; ex. simile, metaphor,
onomatopoeia, personification, hyperbole,
oxymoron, idiom, extended metaphor
CONNOTATION
An attitude or a feeling associated
with a word• Ex: School – friends, socializing, work,
clubs, lunch, boring, interesting, mandatory
DENOTATION
Literal or dictionary meaning• Ex: School – “an educational institution
for pupils up to 19 years of age”
THESIS STATEMENT
An expression of the main idea of
purpose of the piece of writing; the
claim the writer or speaker is trying to
support
CITATION
Used whenever information from researched material is used Tells the reader where to look to find the original information An internal citation appears in parenthesis at the end of the
researched information.
Examples:
QUOTED RESEARCH: “All little siblings are annoying” (Oldenberg 51).
AUTHOR’S NAME INCLUDED IN TEXT: According to Michael Oldenberg, “All little siblings are annoying” (51).
PARAPHRASED INFORMATION: Some older siblings find all their younger brothers and sisters to be irritating (Oldenberg 51).
TRANSITION WORDS
phrases or words used to connect one idea to the
next
help the reader progress from one significant idea to
the next
show the relationship within a paragraph/sentence
between the main idea and the support the author
gives for those ideas• Ex: also, first, for example, however, consequently,
previously
DRAMATIC IRONY
When the reader knows something
that the characters do not.• Ex: In Romeo and Juliet, when the Nurse
finds Juliet’s body, we know she’s not really dead.
MOOD
Feeling or atmosphere that the reader
feels
TONE
The attitude a writer takes toward a
subject; reflects the feelings of the
writer; communicated through choice
of words and details
EVOKE
Create, materialize, recall, recollect,
remember, review, summon
THEME
The underlying message of the story.
A theme takes the form of a statement.
MAIN IDEA
Aka. Controlling Idea
The central idea of an entire work or of
just a paragraph
Often expressed in a topic sentence
FOIL CHARACTER
A person who, in contrast to the main
character – the protagonist – accentuates
the main character’s distinctive qualities
or characteristics• Ex: In Romeo and Juliet, the Nurse is a foil
to Lady Capulet and Mercutio is a foil to Romeo.
TEXTUAL SUPPORT / TEXT EVIDENCE
Using a quotation from an already
published author that helps to prove a
statement or to lend credibility to an
idea
PARALLEL SENTENCE STRUCTURE
Parallel structure means using the same
pattern of words to show that two or more
ideas have the same level of importance. This
can happen at the word, phrase, or clause
level. • Ex: • Not Parallel: Mary likes hiking, swimming,
and to ride a bicycle.• Parallel: Mary likes hiking, swimming, and
riding a bicycle.
LITERARY DEVICE
Refers to the typical structures used by
writers in their works to convey his or
her message(s) in a simple manner to his
or her readers. When employed properly,
the different literary devices help readers
to appreciate, interpret and analyze a
literary work.
PURPOSE( O F A PA R A G R A P H O R L I N E )
A paragraph/line should serve a
specific purpose. Ask yourself the
following question:
What am I trying to say in this
paragraph/line?
NARRATOR
Character or voice from whose point
of view a story is told
CONCLUDE
Close, complete, wrap-up
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