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SELECTION OF CONVEYOR SYSTEM USING FUZZY ANALYTICAL
HIERARCHY PROCESS
This report is submitted in accordance with requirement of the Universiti Teknikal Malaysia
Melaka (UTeM) for Bachelor Degree of Manufacturing Engineering
(Robotics & Automation) (Hons.)
by
NUR ADILA SHAFFINI BT SUHAIMI
B051310247
940719-03-5774
FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
2017
Disahkan oleh:
_____________________________ ______________________________
Alamat Tetap: Cop Rasmi:
Kg.Kubang kerian, Bukit Panau
17500 Tanah Merah,Kelantan
Tarikh: _______________________ Tarikh: _______________________
*Jika Laporan PSM ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak
berkuasa/organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh laporan PSM ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA
Tajuk: SELECTION OF CONVEYOR SYSTEM USING FUZZY ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
Sesi Pengajian: 2016/2017 Semester 2
Saya NUR ADILA SHAFFINI BT SUHAIMI (940719-03-5774)
mengaku membenarkan Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM) ini disimpan di
Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengan syarat-syarat
kegunaan seperti berikut:
1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis.
2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan
untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis.
3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan
pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.
4. *Sila tandakan (√)
(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan
Malaysiasebagaimana yang termaktub dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)
(Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/
badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)
SULIT
TERHAD
TIDAK TERHAD
DECLARATION
I hereby, declared this report entitled “Selection of conveyor system using Fuzzy
Analytical Hierarchy Process” is the results of my own research except as cited in
reference.
Signature : …………………………………………..
Author’s Name : NUR ADILA SHAFFINI BT SUHAIMI
Date : …………………………………………..
APPROVAL
This report is submitted to the Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering of Universiti
Teknikal Malaysia Melaka as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering (Robotics and Automation) (Hons.).
The members of the supervisory committee is as follow:
….……………………………………….
(IR. DR. LOKMAN BIN ABDULLAH)
i
ABSTRAK
Objektif projek ini adalah untuk memilih konsep reka bentuk sistem penghantar dengan
menggunakan teknik Fuzzy Proses Analisis Hierarki. Menurut (Zadeh, 1965), teori set Fuzzy
boleh menyelesaikan ketidaksempurnaan penilaian. Manakala, menurut (Fulvio et al., 2004),
Fuzzy AHP adalah satu kaedah yang berguna untuk berurusan dengan maklumat yang tidak
tepat, tidak menentu dan samar-samar. Terdapat tiga kaedah yang digunakan dalam memilih
sistem penghantar yang terbaik, iaitu AHP asas, Trapezoid Fuzzy AHP dan segi tiga Fuzzy
AHP. Reka bentuk konsep penghantar yang telah dibincangkan dalam projek ini adalah
rantaian penghantar, tali pinggang penghantar, penghantar roller dan roda penghantar.
Beberapa kriteria dalam memilih konsep reka bentuk yang terbaik juga telah dibincangkan dan
dibandingkan prestasinya. Terdapat tujuh kriteria yang dibincangkan dalam projek ini iaitu
kos, fleksibiliti talisawat, kelajuan penghantar, lebar item dan berat item yang boleh
dipindahkan oleh penghantar, keselamatan dan ergonomik penghantar. Tradisional AHP dan
segi tiga Fuzzy AHP menunjukkan susunan perintah yang sama penghantar manakala
Trapezoid Fuzzy AHP menunjukkan sedikit berbeza dalam kedudukan perintah penghantar
yang dipilih. Kriteria yang paling penting dalam memilih konsep reka bentuk yang terbaik
sistem penghantar adalah kos. Pengesahan keputusan dengan menggunakan Expert Choice
Software menunjukkan bahawa rantaian penghantar adalah konsep terbaik reka bentuk
penghantar dalam memindahkan kotak dalam industri kertas dengan wajaran 0,5400, diikuti
oleh penghantar tali pinggang dengan wajaran 0,2760, penghantar roller dengan wajaran
0,1230 dan roda penghantar dengan wajaran 0,0610. Kesimpulan daripada keseluruhan projek
ialah reka bentuk penghantar akhir dipilih adalah wajar dan ketiga-tiga objektif tercapai.
Beberapa cadangan untuk kerja-kerja masa depan juga termasuk untuk penambahbaikan.
ii
ABSTRACT
The objective of this project is to select the design concept of conveyor system by using
Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process. According to (Zadeh, 1965), Fuzzy set theory can solve
the impreciseness of the judgments. Then, according to (Fulvio et al., 2004), Fuzzy AHP is a
method that is useful to deal with imprecise, uncertain and ambiguous information. There are
three methods used in selecting the best conveyor system, which are Traditional AHP,
Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP and Triangular Fuzzy AHP. The design concept of conveyor that have
been discussed in this project are chain conveyor, belt conveyor, roller conveyor and wheel
conveyor. Several criteria in selecting the best design concept also have been discussed and
compared. There are seven criteria discussed in this project which are cost, flexibility of the
conveyor, speed of conveyor, item width and item weight that is transferred by the conveyor,
safety and ergonomics of the conveyor. Traditional AHP and Triangular Fuzzy AHP showed
the same ranking order of the conveyor while Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP showed slightly different
in ranking order of the conveyor selected. The most important criteria in selecting the best
design concept of conveyor system is cost. The validation of the result by using Expert Choice
Software showed that chain conveyor is the best design concept of conveyor in transferring the
boxes in paper industry with the weightage of 0.5400, followed by belt conveyor with the
weightage of 0.2760, roller conveyor with the weightage of 0.1230 and wheel conveyor with
the weightage of 0.0610. The conclusion also has been drawn out from overall project where
final conveyor design selected is justified and all the three objectives are achieved. Several
suggestion and recommendations for future work also included for improvement.
iii
DEDICATION
To my beloved parents
Suhaimi bin Ya and Nik Ashikin Bt Nawi
My appreciated siblings
Nur Athirah Shazwani Bt Suhami, Mohd Aliff Shazwan Bin Suhaimi
Mohd Azim Shaffri Bin Suhaimi and Nur Adlin Shaziera Bt Suhaimi
My friends and my Supervisor
Thank You So Much
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All the praise to Allah the Almighty for giving the opportunity to me to complete this
Final Year Project. I would like to thank to my supervisor, Ir. Dr. Lokman Bin Abdullah for
the great mentoring and knowledge that was given to me throughout the project.
I would like to give a special thanks to my fellow friends who always giving me
motivation and cooperation mentally in completing this report.
Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to my parents, Suhaimi Bin Ya
and Nik Ashikin Bt Nawi and my siblings, for always supporting me throughout the project.
Their support, care and prayers are very meaningful for me.
v
TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstrak i
Abstract ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgment iv
Table of Content v
List of Tables xi
List of Figures xii
List of Abbreviations xiv
List of Symbol xv
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Problem Statement 3
1.3 Objective 3
1.4 Scope 3
1.5 Structure of report 4
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Material handling system 7
vi
2.2.1 Conveyors 8
2.2.1.1 Roller Conveyor 9
2.2.1.2 Wheel Conveyor 10
2.2.1.3 Chain Conveyor 10
2.2.1.4 Belt Conveyor 11
2.3 Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Method 12
2.4 Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) 13
2.4.1 Prerequisites of AHP 14
2.4.2 Advantages of AHP 14
2.4.3 Complexity Structure of AHP 15
2.4.4 Ratio Scale Measurement 16
2.4.5 Operation of AHP 16
2.4.6 Limitation of AHP 17
2.5 Fuzzy Set Theory 18
2.6 Fuzzy AHP 18
2.6.1 Fuzzy AHP Approach 19
2.7 Gap Analysis 20
2.8 Summary 22
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Planning of study 23
3.2 Project Flow Chart 24
3.3 Stage explanation 29
3.3.1 Formulate Project Study 29
3.3.2 Data Collection 29
3.3.3 Development of criteria of the Conveyors Design 30
vii
3.3.4 Conveyor selection via 3 approaches 30
3.3.5 Traditional AHP 30
3.3.5.1 Define current industrial problem 31
3.3.5.2 Development of a hierarchy model 31
3.3.5.3 Construct a pair-wise comparison matrix 32
3.3.5.4 Perform scaling process 32
3.3.5.5 Normalize the pairwise comparison 33
3.3.5.6 Obtain final weight 34
3.3.5.7 Checking the value of Consistency Ratio 35
3.3.5.8 Repetition of step 4 to 7 for all criteria 35
3.3.5.9 Perform overall priority ranking 35
3.3.5.10 Selection of the best design concept 35
3.3.6 Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP 36
3.3.6.1 Define problem, Develop hierarchy 36
Framework, Construct a pairwise comparison matrix
3.3.6.2 Perform Scaling 36
3.3.6.3 Obtain final weight 38
3.3.6.4 Checking the value of CR, 38
Perform overall priority ranking, Selection of the
best design concept
3.3.6.5 Calculate the weight 38
3.3.7 Triangular Fuzzy AHP 39
3.3.7.1 Comparison of criteria or alternative via linguistic terms 39
3.3.7.2 Averaging the preferences of decision maker 40
3.3.7.3 Updating the pair wise contribution matrices 40
3.3.7.4 Calculate the geometric mean of fuzzy comparison value 41
3.3.7.5 Calculate the fuzzy weight of each criterion 41
3.3.7.6 Deffuzification of fuzzy triangular numbers 41
3.3.7.7 Normalization of Mi 41
3.3.7.8 Calculate the score of alternative 42
3.3.7.9 Ranking of priority value 42
3.3.8 Validation via Expert Choice Software 42
3.3.9 Comparison of the Result 42
viii
3.3.10 Result Analysis 42
3.3.11 Summary 43
3.3.12 Conclusion 43
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Analysis method 44
4.2 Characteristics and requirements 45
4.3 Design Concept 46
4.3.1 Design Concept 1 46
4.3.2 Design Concept 2 47
4.3.3 Design Concept 3 48
4.3.4 Design Concept 4 49
4.4 Analytical Hierarchy Process Computation 50
4.4.1 Criteria of Design Concept Evaluation 50
4.4.2 Final decision making 55
4.5 Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP 56
4.5.1 Criteria evaluation 56
4.5.2 Final decision making of Design Concept 64
4.6 Triangular Fuzzy AHP 65
4.6.1 Criteria evaluation 66
4.6.2 Final decision making of Design Concept 72
4.7 Validation of Expert Choice Software 72
4.8 Discussion of the result 74
4.9 Sustainability 75
4.10 Summary 75
ix
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE WORK
5.1 Conclusion 76
5.2 Recommendation for future work 77
REFERENCES 78
APPENDICES
A Gantt Chart FYP 1 84
B Gantt Chart FYP 2 85
C Criteria calculation of Traditional AHP 86
D Criteria calculation of Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP 99
E Criteria calculation of Triangular Fuzzy AHP 118
x
LIST OF TABLES
2.1 Gap Analysis 20
3.1 Scale of relative importance used in the pair-wise comparison of AHP 33
3.2 Random index of analytic hierarchy process 34
4.1 Characteristics of design concept 45
4.2 Weightage of criteria 50
4.3 Pairwise comparison of criteria 52
4.4 Weightage of criteria 53
4.5 Consistency calculation 53
4.6 Weightage for alternative 55
4.7 Pairwise comparison of the criteria 57
4.8 Weightage of row 1 58
4.9 Weightage of row 2 59
4.10 Weightage of row 3 59
4.11 Weightage of row 4 60
4.12 Weightage of row 5 61
4.13 Weightage of row 6 62
4.14 Weightage of row 7 63
4.15 Weightage of criteria of the design concept 64
xi
4.16 Weightage of criteria 64
4.17 Pairwise comparison of the criteria 66
4.18 Sum of pairwise comparison of criteria 67
4.19 Adjusted pairwise comparison of criteria 68
4.20 Weightage of criteria 69
4.21 Minimum weightage of criteria 71
4.22 Weightage of design concept 72
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
2.1 Roller conveyor 9
2.2 Wheel conveyor 10
2.3 Chain conveyor 10
2.4 Belt conveyor 11
2.5 AHP Level Hierarchy 15
3.1 Research process flow 25
3.2 Flow of traditional AHP 26
3.3 Flow chart of Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP 27
3.4 Flow chart of Triangular Fuzzy AHP 28
3.5 Hierarchy framework model 31
3.6 Linguistic scale and fuzzy scale of importance 36
3.7 Linguistic terms and corresponding triangular fuzzy numbers 39
4.1 Analysis flowchart 44
4.2 Top view of design concept 1 46
4.3 Front view of design concept 1 46
4.4 Side view of design concept 1 46
4.5 Top view of design concept 2 47
4.6 Front view design concept 2 47
xiii
4.7 Side view of design concept 2 47
4.8 Top view of design concept 3 48
4.9 Front view of design concept 3 48
4.10 Side view of design concept 3 48
4.11 Top view of design concept 4 49
4.12 Front view of design concept 4 49
4.13 Side view of design concept 4 49
4.14 Pairwise comparison matrix of criteria in Expert Choice Software 72
4.15 Performance graph of design concept in Expert Choice Software 73
4.16 Weightage of criteria in Expert Choice Software 73
xiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AHP - Analytical Hierarchy Process
ANC - Average Normalized Column
CR - Consistency Ratio
CI - Consistency Index
DC - Design Concept
FIA - Fuzzy Information Axiom
FUMAHES - Fuzzy Multi-Attribute Material Handling Equipment Selection
HRST - Human Resource in Science Technology
LFPP - Logarithm Fuzzy Preference Programming
MHESA - Material Handling Equipment Selection Advisor
MCDM - Multi-Criteria Decision Making
RI - Random Index
PSO - Particle Swarm Optimization
xv
LIST OF SYMBOLS
𝛼 - Alpha
𝛽 - Beta
𝛾 - Gamma
𝛿 - Delta
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter includes the background of the project, problem statement, objective and
scope of the project.
1.1 Background
Material handling involves the movement of a building or between a building
and a transportation vehicle. It uses a wide range of manual, semi-automated, and
automated equipment and includes application of the storage and movement control of
the materials throughout the manufacturing. Material handling system is used in
moving and controlling the goods throughout the process. By using the material
handling system, the material that is transferred is in the right amount and can be
reached the destination on time with minimum cost. The effective material handling
can minimum the cost of operation, cycle time and decrease the damage. It helps to
maximum the flexibility and higher automation and material flow in handling.
Material handling is an important component in any production process. It is a
process that goes on in every plant every time. It is simply pick up, lie down and
moving the material through manufacture.
2
In this project, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied for the
selection of the best design concept of material handling system that integrates the
qualitative and quantitative of each criterion in the decision structure. AHP is widely
used as multi-criteria decision analysis which decomposes the decision problem in a
hierarchy structure and derives priorities from the value judgments of individual or in
a group of decision making. Despite, the traditional method of AHP has a limitation in
addressing the ambiguousness of subjective judgment. Variant of fuzzy AHP was thus
developed and applied to model the ambiguousness of judgment by representing the
verbal scale in terms of fuzzy number.
3
1.2 Problem Statement
Currently, there are several types of conveyor used in the industry, however, the
best type of conveyor that the most suitable to use for purpose of transferring the boxes
in paper industry is not known. As there are also several methods that well known for
the multi-criteria decision making, but the suitability of method used need to be
identified. To know the accuracy of final answer in selecting the best conveyor system,
the best software is needed.
1.3 Objective
i) To select the best conveyor system using Fuzzy-AHP method.
ii) To identify and compare the final decision made using Traditional AHP,
Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP and Triangular Fuzzy AHP.
iii) To validate the result of Fuzzy-AHP using Expert Choice software.
1.4 Scope
The scope of the project are as follows:
i. Focusing on the conveyor used for the purpose of transferring the boxes in
paper industry.
ii. Determination of the best design concept of conveyor system using Traditional
AHP, Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP and Triangular Fuzzy AHP.
iii. Validation of the result by using the Expert Choice Software.
4
1.5 Structure of Report
This report contains 5 chapters that will explain briefly about this research. The
first chapter is about the introduction of this research which contains background,
problem statement, objectives, and scope of this project. The second chapter explains
about the literature review which review about the previous research about the material
handling system, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy-AHP.
Next, chapter 3 is about the methodology and steps that have been taken during
conducting this research. Chapter 4 explains about the different design of material
handling system, the hierarchy framework for AHP and the analysis of the result by
using the Expert Choice software. Then chapter 5 is about conclusion and outcome of
this research and the recommendation for future improvement also included.
In Introduction, there are five subtopics that will be presented. The first part is
the study about the material handling and the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process
(Fuzzy-AHP). From the background, the problem statements are summarized and
explained in detail. A few objectives of this project also have been set. However, a few
scopes of this project also will be set so the project study will only cover the specific
portion only.
The second chapter is literature review which covers the previous founding
regarding the project research. The journals are studied thoroughly based on the
objective and scope that has been stated.
In the third chapter, explains about the method to carry out the project. The ways
in conducting the project is determined in a flow chart. The correlation of the concept
used and the step in conducting the project should be simultaneous.
5
Chapter 4 is the most crucial. This chapter explains the result and the outcome
after the research is carried out. The research is carried out based on the step that have
been stated in chapter 3.
The last chapter concludes about the overall project. Conclusion must be declared
either the project fulfilled the objectives from the first chapter. Several
recommendations also must be stated to improve for better result accuracy.
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