SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Sole marks.

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary Structures

Sole marks

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary Structures

Flute casts

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary Structures

Tool marks

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary Structures

Flame Structures

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary Structures

Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP?

Load structures

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary Structures

Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP?

Mudcracks

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary Structures

Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP?

Planar Cross-beds

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary Structures

Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP?

Trough Cross-beds

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary Structures

Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP?

Oscillation ripples

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary Structures

Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP?

Tool marks

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary Structures

Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP?

Fossils

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary Structures

Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP?

Fossils

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary Structures

Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP?

Raindrop Impressions

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESInterpretation of Sedimentary Rocks

Provide information about conditions in and near the site of deposition

Such as: source area from compositionamount of transport erosion

Qtz vs. Feldspar (clay and ironcompounds) vs FerromagnesiansImmature vs mature

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary Rocks

"Systems of classification are not hatracks, objectively presented to us by nature. They are dynamic theories developed to express particular views..."

Stephen Jay Gould

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary Rocks

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary Rocks

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary Rocks

TEXTURE

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary Rocks

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary Rocks

Quartz Arenite

>90% Quartz

Cement: silica calcite

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary Rocks

Feldspathic AreniteArkose

>25% Feldspar Granitic source Remainder is quartz

Cement: clay calcite iron oxides

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary Rocks

Lithic AreniteGreywacke

>33% rock fragments Immature sandstone Poorly sorted, angular Remainder is quartz,

feldspar Cement: very little mostly clays

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary Rocks

CompositionCarbonate rocks consist of limestone and dolostone. The minerals present in each are: Limestone

Calcite Aragonite

Dolostone Dolomite

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary RocksCarbonates

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary RocksCarbonates

Most of marine originDirectly or indirectly related to biological processes

Skeletal remains may be visibleCan be evaporites

Changes in water temp., alkalinity, CO2 conc.Clear, shallow tropical waters

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary Rocks

Carbonates

Characteristics of most marine carbonate environments: Warm water Tropical climate (30 ° N - 30 ° S of equator) Shallow water (less than 200 m deep) Clear water (low to no terrigenous input) Sunlight required for photosynthesis by algae