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SECULAR VALUES V/SSPIRITUAL VALUES
IN
MANAGEMENT
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the
Deree of
!"a#helor of "u$ine$$ Admini$tration%
By
TAMANA S&ARMA
BBA Part 3rd
Roll No.____
Submitted to University of JammuDepartment of Manaement Studie$
SANT R'C&A SING& DEGREE C'LLEGE(
"A"LIANA( )ammu*
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CERTIFICATE
To whom it may concern
This is to certify that TAMANA SHARMA student of BBA Part 3rdhas
successfully completed seminar report on Indian ethos and culture.
The topic assigned to the student wasSECULAR VERSUES SPIRITUAL
VALUES IN MANAGEMENT. The work is being submitted to the Department
of Business tudies! "ni#ersity of $ammu for the award of degree. The student has
submitted the pro%ect in time.
GUIE !"#
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
H$%$ !!A#
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
PRINCIPAL#
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
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AC&N%'LEGEMENT
&irst of all I must thank Almighty 'od who is behind my e#ery success in
life without his blessings this pro%ect would not ha#e been completed. .
I would like to e(press my profound gratitude to H$%$ !!A e(artment Mr)
GAGAN*"%T &AURwho pro#ided me with their #aluable suggestions and
guidance in completing my pro%ect work.
I am grateful and gratified to the respected Department of Business
Administration! SANT R%CHA SINGH EGREE C%LLEGE for grooming
me into a true line of work.
Before concluding I doubt if I could ha#e completed this pro%ect work! but with
the grace of 'od.
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ECLARATI%N
I TAMANA SHARMA declare that I myself work on the topic named as
SECULAR VERSUES SPIRITUAL VALUES IN MANAGEMENT .The dataand the information ha#e been collected by me. )o third party has helped me is
doing so
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TA!LE %F C%NTENT
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SUMMAR"
SECULARISM7
ecularism is the doctrine that morality should be based solely with regard to the
well7being of mankind in the present life to the e(clusion of all considerations
drowns from belief in 'od. Indian conception of secularism re>uired that there
shall be no state religion and the state shall treat all religions e>ually. ecularism
means non7religious. The secular #alues are based on facts and science.
ecularism means being materialistic and task oriented for managers. ecularism
is a professional #alue! which completely ignores the difference of caste! colour!
religion! culture etc.
SPIRITUALISM#
The term spiritual refers to the people who belie#e in religion. They belie#e that
work and religion are two sides of a coin. piritual #alues are an important source
of information. These #alues result in creati#ity of thought and practice in the field
of spiritual science. uman #alues! when based on spiritualism! act as the base for
thoughts! actions! skills and beha#ior and will mould a good character. These
spiritual #alues create a good man! a good manager and a good organisation. They
set good e(amples into his society. People ha#ing good character are also self
moti#ated! self7disciplined? they are good leaders
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SPIRITUALIT"
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EFINATI%N %F SPIRITUALIT"
The term )(irit+a,itylacks a definiti#e definition! although social scientists ha#e
defined spirituality as the search for the sacred! where the sacred is broadlydefined as that which is set apart from the ordinaryand worthy of #eneration.
The use of the term spirituality has changed throughout the ages. In modern
times spirituality is often separated from AB+A*I0 religions! and connotes
ablendof humanistic psychologywith mysticaland esoteric traditionsand eastern
religionsaimed at personal well7being and personal de#elopment. The notion of
spiritual e(perience plays an important role in modern spirituality! but has a
relati#ely recent origin
There is no single! widely7agreed definition of spirituality. ocial scientists ha#edefined spirituality as the search for the sacred! for that which is set apart from the
ordinary and worthy of #eneration! a transcendent dimension within human
e(perience...disco#ered in moments in which the indi#idual >uestions the meaning
of personal e(istence and attempts to place the self within a broader ontological
conte(t.
According to 2AAI$*A)! the traditional meaning of spirituality is a process of
re7formation which aims to reco#er the original shape of man! the image of 'od.
To accomplish this! the re7formation is oriented at a mold! which represents theoriginal shapeC in $udaismthe Torah! in 0hristianity0hrist! in BuddhismBuddha!
in the Islam*uhammad. In modern times spirituality has come to mean the
internal e(perience of the indi#idual. It still denotes a process of transformation!
but in a conte(t separate from organied religious institutionsC spiritual but not
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religious. outman and A"P+ suggest that modern spirituality is a blend of
humanistic psychology! mystical and esoteric traditions and eastern religions.
2AAI$*A) points out that spirituality is only one term of a range of words
which denote the pra(is of spirituality. ome other terms are asidism!
contemplation! EABBA-A! asceticism! mysticism! perfection! de#otion and
piety.
pirituality can be sought not only through traditional organied religions! but also
through mo#ements such as liberalism! feminist theology! and green politics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiritual_but_not_religioushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_theologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_politicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiritual_but_not_religioushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_theologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_politics8/13/2019 Secular Versues Spiritual Values Ccccc
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FEATURES %F SPIRITULIT"
The -eat+re) o- )(irit+a,i)m are a) -o,,ow a)#
IVINE .UALITIES C There are number of di#ine >ualities! which are
present in an indi#idual and can be termed as spiritual #alues i.e. self
respect! respect for 'od! belief in gi#ing than taking! respect for elders!
satisfaction etc.
'%R& IN IVINEC It is rightly said that work is worship. The >uality of
work life in an indi#idual is greatly influenced by spiritual and ethical
#alues. /ne should work with more confidence! loyalty! dedication!responsibility and moti#ation.
C%NTR%L %VER MINC It is another main feature of spiritual #alues.
0ontrol o#er mind helps in proper usage of our time! energy and other
resources. igh le#el of inspiration can be achie#ed through controlling
mind.
!ELIEF IN RELIGI%NCC piritual people belie#e in religion. The way
we beha#e reflects our religious #alues. People from different castes!
cultures follow a different religion and a different 'od. It is rightly said that
belief in religion is a reflection of our spiritual #alues.
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!
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.
SPIRITUAL PRACTICES
A $piritual pra#ti#eor $piritual di$#ipline(often inludin! $piritual e+er#i$e$" is t#e
re!ular or full$time %erformane of ations and ativities underta&en for t#e %ur%ose of
ultivatin! s%iritual develo%ment. A ommon meta%#or used in t#e s%iritual traditions of
t#e 'orlds !reat reli!ions is t#at of 'al&in! a %at#. )#erefore a s%iritual %ratie moves
a %erson alon! a %at# to'ards a !oal. )#e !oal is variously referred to
as salvation*liberationor union ('it# +od". A %erson '#o 'al&s su# a %at# is
sometimes referred to ,AA-JAN diserns four forms of s%iritual %raties012
1. Somati %raties* es%eially de%rivation and diminis#ment. )#e de%rivation
%urifies t#e body. 4iminis#ment onerns t#e re%ulsement of e!o$oriented
im%ulses. 56am%les are fastin! and %overty.
6. Psy#olo!ial %raties* for e6am%le meditation.
3. Soial %raties. 56am%les are t#e %ratie of obediene and ommunal
o'ners#i% reform e!o$orientedness into ot#er$orientedness.
7. S%iritual. All %raties aim at %urifyin! t#e e!o$enteredness* and diret t#e
abilities at t#e divine reality.
S%iritual %raties may inlude meditation* mindfulness* %rayer* and t#e ontem%lation
of sared te6ts8 et#ial develo%ment. 9ove and/or om%assion are often desribed as
t#e mainstay of s%iritual develo%ment.
,it#in s%irituality is also found :a ommon em%#asis on t#e value of t#ou!#tfulness*
tolerane for breadt# and %raties and beliefs* and a%%reiation for t#e insi!#ts of
ot#er reli!ious ommunities* as 'ell as ot#er soures of aut#ority 'it#in t#e soial
sienes.:
=
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiritualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokshahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirituality#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaaijman2000644-645-102http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirituality#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaaijman2000645-103http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_texthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiritualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokshahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirituality#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaaijman2000644-645-102http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirituality#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaaijman2000645-103http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_texthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethic8/13/2019 Secular Versues Spiritual Values Ccccc
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/ 'A"S T% GAIN SPIRITUAL PRACTICES
pirituality e(ists in all traditions and cultures. ,ou can put your spirituality into
practice in your daily life through ordinary! e#eryday acti#ity. -earn about how
different spiritual disciplines culti#ate spirituality! and fi#e ways you can gain
your spiritual de#elopment.
pirituality includes your spiritual practices or spiritual disciplines! which may
include prayer! meditation! chanting! breathing e(ercises and ceremonies or
rituals. pirituality and your spiritual lifealso include your daily interactions with
other people.
CARE %F MIN AN SPIRIT! 'erald '. *ay! *.D. and
theologian! says that spiritual de#elopment is the growth of a person
as a wholeC your spirituality! interaction with others in your daily life
and spiritual disciplines or practices. owe#er! your spiritual
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de#elopment can only mo#e forward if you focus on all aspects of
your life.
PRA"ER AN MEITIATE
So+n0) (retty 1a)ic2 ri3ht4 Accor0in3 to Stewart !it5o--2 E0$$2 an
e6(ert in thera(e+tic recreation2 ()ychiatric reha1i,itation an0
()ychiatric treatment2 yo+ can increa)e yo+r )(irit+a, 0e7e,o(ment
with re3+,ar (rayeror communication with a higher power. Bitkoff adds
that spirit+a, 0e7e,o(ment i) a (roce)) that )ho+,0 1e (ractice0 an0
hone0 ,i5e any other a1i,ity$
Praying more! meditating more! attending gatherings of like7minded
belie#ers more often add %oining a prayer or meditation group are %ust a
few ways you can put your spirituality into practice.
GIVE
According to Bitkoff! you can grow in your spiritual de#elopment by helping
andgi#ing to others. Donate to charity. 4olunteer. /ffer your skills to those who
need them. ,ou can gi#e money or gi#e your time. ither way! being
more generous in your actions! beha#iors and personality will help your spiritual
de#elopment.
CARE
,ou might not think of li#ing healthy as a spiritual discipline or practice! but it is.
According to Bitkoff! as a multi7le#el being! you must take proper care of all of
your le#els. If you want to impro#e your spirituality and spiritual de#elopment!you also need to take care of your physical bodyC eat better. (ercise more. top
smoking. Drink less alcohol. -i#e a healthier lifestyle in general. Bitkoff
recommends complementing your spiritual health with your physical health.
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SPIRITUAL NEES
piritual needs can be stated as followsC
-o#e ope
Trust
&orgi#eness
Being respected and #alued
Dignity
&ullness of life
4alues
0reati#ity
0onnecting with higher power
Belonging to a community
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The common spiritual needs include? lo#e! community! connection with the
di#ine! moral direction and inspiration. piritual needs differ from person to
person but e#ery human being needs spiritual resources to help heal the painful
wounds of grief! guilt! resentment! self7re%ection and shame. 2e also need
spiritual resources to deepen our e(perience! hope! %oy and lo#e of life.
Based on more than 3< years of psychological counseling and pastoral care!
Howar0 C,ine1e,, 1e,ie7e) that h+man) ha7e )e7en )(irit+a, h+n3er) in
common#
L%VEC7
All people need to e(perience regularly the healing and empowerment
of lo#e 7 from others! self! and an ultimate source
TRANSCENENCE#8
#eryone needs to e(perience renewing times of transcendence 7 moments that
e(pand us beyond the immediate sensory spheres.
!ELIEFS
#erybody needs #ital beliefs that gi#e some sense of meaning and hope the
midst of losses! tragedies! and failures.
VALUES2C%MMITMENTS AN PRI%RITIES#8#ery person needs to ha#e #alues! priorities! and life commitments
usually centered in issues of %ustice! integrity! and lo#e 7 that guide us in
personally and socially responsible li#ing.
ISC%VER#8
ach human being needs to disco#er and de#elop their inner wisdom!
creati#ity and lo#e of their uni>ue transpersonalGspiritual self.
A'ARENESS#8
All people need a deepening awareness of oneness with other people and
with the natural world! the wonderful web of all li#ing things
.
E9PERIENCEC7
#ery human being needs spiritual resources to help heal the painful
wounds of grief! guilt! resentment! unforgi#eness! self7re%ection! and
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shame. 2e also need spiritual resources to deepen our e(periences of trust!
self7esteem! hope! %oy and lo#e of life.
0linebell feels that e#erybody must pay attention to these needs to feel whole and
fulfilled! making spirituality central to human well7being H0linebell! 1;;6.
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CHARACTERSTICS %F A SPIRITUAL 'ELL!EING
Fo,,owin3 are the characteri)tic) o- a )(irit+a, we,,1ein3#
J eeking to surpass oneKs ego Hi.e. their own self7interests
J Awareness and acceptance of oneKs interconnectedness with others! creation and
oneKs "ltimate 0oncern
J "nderstanding the higher significance of oneKs actions
J Belie#ing in something beyond the material uni#erse which ultimately gi#es
#alue to all
J ense of inner peace
J0ompassion for others
J 'ratitude
J Appreciation for unity and di#ersity
J umour
J 2isdom
J 'enerosity
J 0apacity for unconditional
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/
CHARACTERISTICS GIVEN !" GE%RGE '$TRAU!
George W. Traub, SJ has spent hs !areer n Jesut e"u!aton. #e te$$s stu"ents
an" !o$$eagues that Ignatan sprtua$t% has these !hara!terst!s
It sees life and the whole uni#erse as a gift calling forth wonder and
gratefulness
It gi#es ample scope to imagination and emotion as well as intellect.
It seeks to find the di#ine in all thingsLin all peoples and cultures! in all areas
of study and learning! in e#ery human e(perience! and Hfor the 0hristian
especially in the person of $esus.
It culti#ates critical awareness of personal and social e#il! but points to 'odFs
lo#e as more powerful than any e#il is stresses freedom! need for discernment!
and responsible action
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It empowers people to become leaders in ser#ice! men and women for others!
whole persons of solidarity! building a more %ust and humane world.
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R%LE %F MANAGEMENT IN
SPIRITUALIT"
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spiritual leader can fill a room with lo#e! %oy! peace! patience! kindness!
goodness and gentleness! e#en while speaking hard things.
They he,( (eo(,e )ee o,0 thin3) in new way)$ *any people are stuck not
in their circumstances! but in their perspecti#es and paradigms. The word
@repent means @to think differently! or to think in a different way. $esus
called people to look again at old realities through new eyes. 0hanging
ways of thinking always precedes meaningful change.
They 3ain a -o,,owin3 1eca+)e o- who they are:not 1eca+)e o- a
(o)ition they ho,0$piritual leaders can be found in secular organiations!
in the same way managers and organiational leaders can be found in
religious ones.
piritual leaders influence more than they direct! and they inspire more than
they instruct. They intuiti#ely recognie that they are ser#ing somethingL
and SomeoneLlarger than themsel#es and their own ob%ecti#es.
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SPIRITUAL ISTRESS
S(irit+a, 0i)tre))is a disturbance in a personKs belief system. As an
appro#ed nursing diagnosis! Spiritual Distressis defined as a disruption in the
life principle that per#ades a personKs entire being and that integrates and
transcends oneKs biological and psychological nature.
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Se7en Mani-e)tation) o- S(irit+a, i)tre))#
SPIRITUAL PAINC as e#idenced by e(pressions of discomfort of suffering
relati#e to oneKs relationship with 'od! #erbaliation of feelings of ha#ing a
#oid or lack of spiritual fulfillment! andGor a lack of peace in terms of oneKs
relationship to oneKs creator.
SPIRITUAL ALIENTATI%NC as e#idenced by e(pressions of loneliness
or the feeling that 'od seems #ery far away and remote from oneKs e#eryday
life! #erbaliation that one has to depend upon oneKs self in times of trial or
need! andGor a negati#e attitude toward recei#ing any comfort or help from
'od.
SPIRITUAL AN9IET"C as e#idenced by e(pression of fear of 'odKs
wrath and punishment? fear that 'od might not take care of one! either
immediately or in the future? andGor worry that 'od is displeased with oneKsbeha#ior.
SPIRITUAL GUILT#as e#idenced by e(pressions suggesting that one
has failed to do the things which he should ha#e done in life andGor done
things which were not pleasing to 'od? articulation of concerns about the
kind of life one has li#ed.
SPIRITUAL ANGER C as e#idenced by e(pression of frustration or
outrage at 'od for ha#ing to allowed illness or other trials! comments about
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the unfairness of 'od! andGor negati#e remarks about institutionalied
religion andGor its ministers or spiritual care gi#ers.
SPIRITUAL L%SSC as e#idenced by e(pression of feelings of ha#ing temporarily
lost or terminated the lo#e of 'od! fear that oneKs relationship with 'od has been
threatened! andGor a feeling of emptiness with regard spiritual thin
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SECULARISM
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SECULARISM
Sec+,ari)mis the principle of separation of go#ernment institutions! and the
persons mandated to represent the tate! from religious institutionsand religious
dignitaries. In one sense! secularism may assert the right to be free from religious
rule and teachings! and the right to freedom from go#ernmental imposition of
religion upon the people within a state that is neutral on matters of belief. Hee
also separation of church and state. In another sense! it refers to the #iew that
human acti#ities and decisions! especiallypoliticalones! should be unbiased by
religious influence.
The fundamental principle of ecularism is that in his whole conduct! man should
be guided e(clusi#ely by considerations deri#ed only from the present life.
Anything that is abo#e or beyond the present life should be entirely o#erlooked.
2hether 'od e(ists and whether the soul is immortal are >uestions! which cannot
be answered precisely! so they should be ignored.
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ILL EFFECT %F SECULARISM
2orkers *anagement conflict is out of control.
2orkers are demoralied.
)ature is e(ploited ruthlessly.
uman welfare is neglected.
*anagement acts as a handmaid of profit and the motto is more and more
money at any cost.
"nder such management! we obtain e(ternal growth at the cost of internal
growth.
*an as a human being stands nowhere.
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IFFERENCE !ET'EEN SPIRITUAL VALUES VERSUES
SECULAR VALUES IN MANAGEMENT
In managing a business concern! secular and spiritual #alues play an important
role. Therefore! one should ha#e knowledge about the secular and spiritual #alues.
These ha#e been defined as underC
ecularism is the doctrine that morality should be based solely with regard
to the well7being of mankind in the present life to the e(clusion of all
considerations drowns from belief in 'od. Indian conception of secularismre>uired that there shall be no state religion and the state shall treat all
religions e>ually. ecularism means non7religious. The secular #alues are
based on facts and science. ecularism means being materialistic and task
oriented for managers. ecularism is a professional #alue! which completely
ignores the difference of caste! religion! culture etc.
owe#er! there are many 77 particularly in the religious Has opposed to spiritual!
but not religious community 77 who belie#e that being spiritual! but not religiousis a distinction without an actual difference? and so they would argue that what the
asker clearly meant is whether or not thereKs a difference between the management
styles of one whoKs secular Hnon7religious #ersus one whoKs religious Hnon7
secular. They would argue that the asker is using the word spiritual to mean
religious? that for the asker! theyKre synonymous.
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I- )o2 then that
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E9AMPLES 'HERE !%TH SECULAR
AN SPIRITUAL AN VALUES IN
MANAGEMENT
3
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CASE STUIES
3:
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CASE STU"
Ca)e )t+0y ?# 'ho 5now) 1e)t4
A young woman is brought into the accident and emergency department with a
massi#e gastrointestinal bleed! presumed to be oesophageal #aries. Immediately
the medical and nursing teams start to resuscitate the woman and the consultant
asks for four units of blood to be transfused. owe#er! the woman interrupts and
states that she does not want the blood transfusion because of her personal beliefs.
Therefore other #olume7e(panding agents ha#e to be used. "nfortunately thewoman dies from the se#eral hours later. Talk around the department is Nif only
the woman had not refused a blood transfusionF. /thers say Nwhat a waste of lifeF.
,et the womanFs husband says N'odFs will was done and she approached death as
she belie#ed was rightF.
Case stu"% & re'$e!tons(
2hose beliefs are correct in this situationMC The womanFs religious belief
that being faithful to her god is more important than sa#ing her life! or the
health carers who see sa#ing her life as more important than her belief ingodM 2hyM H+emember! from both perspecti#es what is being asked for is
considered to be the correct and most ethical alternati#e. ome aspects you
may ha#e consideredC
The sudden death of a lo#ed one is almost always shattering. )ot only
might the berea#ed e(perience an emotional crisis! they may e(perience a
spiritual crisis where as one berea#ed parent recalled @e#erything is
smashed! my hopes! my dreams! my future! my faithO.
trongly held beliefs may be the only thing that is intact for the womanFshusband. 2hilst he comforts himself in the knowledge that she died as her
beliefs allowed her to! he is ne#er the less facing berea#ement through the
traumatic and sudden death of his wife.
Appropriate and compassionate support in the immediacy of berea#ement
may well be the best spiritual care that can be offered.
3=
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3;
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ARTICLES
8
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The April7*ay email sur#ey of 1!=:3 college students at 3= colleges across the
"nited tates co#ered 6: states in all regions of the country! and both public and
pri#ate schools! including religious pri#ate schools. It was conducted by The
Institute for the tudy of ecularism in ociety and 0ulture at Trinity 0ollege.
According to the 0&I website! its mission is to foster a secular society based on
science! reason! freedom of in>uiry! and humanist #alues.
*ost! :< percent! of those who said they were religious were 0hristian! including
31.= percent who were e#angelical Protestant! 6:.6 percent who were 0atholic!
and 11.3 percent who were mainline Protestant.
Among those who said they were spiritual but not religious! most! 31.; percent!
ad no religious affiliation! followed by e#angelicals! 61.; percent! 0atholics!
16.< percent! and mainliners! =.6 percent.
As might be e(pected! the #ast ma%ority of seculars! :
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The partisan and ideological 'od gap found in the electorate was also found
among college students! accor0in3 to the sur#ey.
The religious students were the most likely to identify as +epublicans! 3=.=
percent! and conser#ati#es! 38.1 percent. The secular students were the most likely
to identify as Democrats! :.6 percent! and liberals! 88.< percent. A plurality of
the spiritual students identified as Democrats! 88.= percent! and as liberals! 38.;
percent.
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ARTICLE@
The centre for 4II/)A+, -AD+IP Hhelping people de#elop the inner
spiritual resources to be effecti#e leaders pirituality ethics in business
*any people today are finding that there more of life business than profit alone.
*oney as the single bottom line is increasingly a thing of the past. In a post Q
nron world! #alues and ethics are an urgent concern the hottest bu today isabout a @Triple bottom line a commitment to people! planet and profit.
mployees and the en#ironment are seen as important as economics. ome
people say itFs all about bringing your spiritual #alues into your work place.
AP/-- published in "A found that 9 out of 1< peoples says workplaces would
benefit from ha#ing a great sense of spirit in their work en#ironment.
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C%NCLUSI%N
8
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.
!I!L%GRAPH"
8:
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