Transcript
Discuss the commonly used disinfectants and their relative efficiency against the
bacteria
MADE BY :- SUNIL KUMAR AJEET KUMAR MANISH KUMAR MANOJ KUMAR
VIKESH KUMAR
PURPOSE
l The purpose of this project l what is disinfection.l Level of disinfectionl how many types of disinfection. l which disinfectant would most effectively kill
bacteria.
WHAT IS DISINFECTANT
Disinfectants are liquid substances that kill germs or bacteria on non-living objects. They are usually chemicals used to clean clothes, rooms, dishes, and utensils. They are also used to help hospitals and care units stay clean and free of germs. The common disinfectants used in households aren’t as effective as the ones used in hospitals or care units to stop diseases.
WHAT IS ANTISEPTICS
Chemical disinfectants which can safely applied to living tissues and are used to prevent infection by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
ANTISEPTICS V/S DISINFECTION
ANTISEPTICS:- Use on skin and mocous membranes to kill microorganisms.
Not for use on inanimate objects.
DISINFECTION:-
Use to kill microorganisms on inanimate objects.
Not for use on skin or mucous membranes.
Chemicals agents
A variety of chemicals agents are used as antiseptics and disinfectants.
Factors influencing the potency of a disinfectant: Time of action Temperature Nature of organism
l
l LEVEL OF DISINFECTION
LOW LEVEL DISINFECTION
l Many organisms can survive on exposure to these disinfectants.
–Used for items which come in contact with the patients but they do not penetrate into tissues.
INTERMEDIATE LEVEL DISINFECTION
• May not effective against spores
• Includes alcohols, iodophores and phenols
• Used for:–Laryngoscopes–Fiber optic endoscopes
HIGH LEVEL DISINFECTION
• Glutaraldehyde, Hydrogen peroxide, peracitic acid and chlorine compounds.
• Effectiveness may be equal to that of sterilisation.
• Used for:l Endoscopesl Cystoscopiesl Surgical instruments with plastic components
EXAMPLE OF DISINFECTION
Alcohols :-
–Ethyl alcohol and Isopropyl alcohol are commonly used.
–Act by denaturing of bacterial proteins.
–No sporicidal and virucidal activity.–Used as skin antiseptics.–Isopropyl alcohol is preferred to Ethyl alcohol as it is better fat solvent, more bactericidal and less volatile.
Alcohols :-
Phenols:-• first introduced the use of phenol ( Carbolic acid) in surgery (1867).
• Produced by distillation of coal tar between temperatures of 170°C and 270°C.
• Commonly used Phenol derivatives are l cresol l chlorhexidine l chloroxylenol l hexachlorophanes
Synthetic phenol surface disinfectant.
Cresols :-
• Lysol is a solution of cresols in soap.
• Active against a wide range of organisms.
• Uses:
1.Cleaning of floors2.Disinfection of
excreta
Chlorhexidine:-
–Eg.Savlon – (Chlorhexidine and Cetrimide)
–More active against Gram–Good fungicidal activity.–No action on spores and –little activity against viruses
Chloroxylenol :-
–Eg.dettol–Less toxic and less irritant.
–Readily inactivated by organic matter
Hexachlorophane:-
• More active against Grems• Bacteriostatic at high dilutions.
• Potentially toxic and should be used with care.
Halogens:-
4.Halogens:l Chlorine l Iodine Commonly used disinfectants
Bactericidal, sporicidal and virucidal
Chlorine :-
Disinfection is due to release of free chlorine.
Reacts with water to form hypochlorus acid .
Used in water supplies, swimming pools, food and dairy industries.
Iodophors:-
Iodophors are disinfectants that include iodine. They are used to clean hospital surfaces like tables and beds,and also to disinfect food preparation
equipment.
Iodophor surfaces disinfectant.
Iodine :- l Used as skin disinfectant.
l Bactericidal and moderate action on spores.
l Betadine is one example.
The anionic compounds:-:• E g :- common soaps, • Have strong detergent but weak antimicrobial properties .
• These agents are most active at acidic ph.
• Effective against Gram • organism
Bleach:-Bleach is a relatively inexpensive and highly effective disinfectant. It not only cleans up dirt and mold, but also kills some of the most dangerous bacteria, However, bleach is also one of the most harmful disinfectants to human health and has been linked to respiratory problems and birth defects. Bleach should not be used on the skin.
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Quaternary ammonium compounds are used in lots of common household cleaners. They are used as disinfectants and as detergents.
Formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde
Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde are fast-acting disinfectants. They disinfect quickly and effectively. They are used mostly by hospitals to clean the surgical tools and other medical devices.
Fig. 20-13 Fast-acting high-level disinfectant.
l Wash your hands!!!l (When???)
l When you’re at common places…
Conclusion
Health is very important. Getting a sickness from bacteria can happen in an unhealthy environment. Using a disinfectant to kill harmful bacteria is an important way to stay healthy.
HARPICHARPIC LYSOL PHENOL COLIN DETTOL/SAVLON
THANK YOU
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