Sara Hsu. What is development? Gunnar Myrdal Washington Consensus Stiglitz and Sen Institutionalism China, India and Japan Reform in China:
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Introduction to Development in China,
India and JapanSara Hsu
Introduction What is development?
Gunnar Myrdal Washington Consensus Stiglitz and Sen Institutionalism
• China, India and Japan Reform in China: 1979 at the Third Plenum Reform in India: Independence in 1947 Reform in Japan: 1868 with the Meiji Restoration
China, India and Japan Individual paths but reform in all 3
countries Role and type of institutions:
• China: PBOC, SEZs, TVEs, SOEs• Japan: Feudal system private land
ownership, MITI• India: Planning Commission
Political Economy of Development
Economic development in China, India and Japan has changed the way economists understand political economy of development
Different histories has led to different political economies of development: colonialism, industrialization
Data Trends
China and India, GDP Per Capita
(2000 US$)
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
ChinaIndia
Japan, GDP Per Capita (2000 US$)
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
Exports of Goods and Services (% of GDP)
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
ChinaJapanIndia
Japan Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000 live births)
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
China Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000 live births)
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
ChinaIndia
Poverty in China
Poverty in India
Poverty in Japan
Bottom Line Development Different periods of development,
different development trajectories for China, India and Japan
What do the data tell us?
Did You Know? The UN Millennium Development Goals were laid
out in 2000, and included the following: 1.Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, 2.Achieving universal primary education, 3.Promoting gender equality and empowering
women, 4.Reducing child mortality rates, 5.Improving maternal health, 6.Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other
diseases, 7.Ensuring environmental sustainability, and 8.Developing a global partnership for development
Looking Forward
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