Sampling methods in social research

Sampling Methods In Social Research

Sampling is the process by which inference is made to the whole by examining a part.

Purpose of sampling : To provide various types of statistical information of a qualitative or

quantitative nature about the whole by examining a few selected units.

It is cheaper than census method. It is economical too.

Sampling:

Probability sampling methods. Non probability sampling methods.

Classification of Sampling Methods :

Simple random sampling. Systematic sampling. Stratified sampling. Cluster sampling.

Probability Sampling Method:

It is a sampling technique in which the researcher divides the entire target population into different subgroups, or strata, and then randomly selects the final subjects proportionally from the different strata.

This type of sampling is used when the researcher wants to highlight specific subgroups within the population.

Cluster Sampling : In cluster sampling the total population is divided into a number of

relatively small sub-divisions or groups which are themselves clusters and then some of these cluster are randomly selected for inclusion in the sample.

Stratified Sampling:

The purest form of probability sampling. Assures each element in the population has an equal chance of being

included in the sample.

Systematic Sampling : A method of selecting sample members from a larger population

according to a random starting point and a fixed, periodic interval. Typically, every "nth" member is selected from the total population for inclusion in the sample population.

Simple random Sampling :

Convenience Sampling. Judgment Sampling. Snowball Sampling. Quota Sampling.

Non-Probability Sampling :

Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where samples are selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher.

It is fast, inexpensive, easy and the subjects are readily available.

Judgement Sampling : Judgmental sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where

the researcher selects units to be sampled based on their knowledge and professional judgment.

This type of sampling technique is also known as purposive sampling and authoritative sampling.

Convenience Sampling:

Snowball sampling is a non-probability sampling technique that is used by researchers to identify potential subjects in studies where subjects are hard to locate.

Quota Sampling : Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling technique wherein the

assembled sample has the same proportions of individuals as the entire population with respect to known characteristics, traits or focused phenomenon.

As quota sampling is not random so sampling method is biased and lead to large sampling errors.

Snowball Sampling:

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