S OURCE R EDUCTION

SSOURCEOURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION

What Is ItAnd

Why Is It So Important?

QQUIZ:UIZ: W WHICHHICH I ISS I ITT??

RecycRecyclele

ReuseReuse

ReduceReduce

ReducReducee

ReuseReuse

RecycleRecycle

A B

“Source Reduction is a tool affecting

resource

consumption that is linked to

production…

Thus to achieve the goal of resource Thus to achieve the goal of resource

conservation, source reduction and conservation, source reduction and

reuse arereuse are

more valuable to society (ton-for-ton)more valuable to society (ton-for-ton)

than recycling.”than recycling.”

National Recycling Coalition, 9/94

FFEWEW PPEOPLEEOPLE UUNDERSTANDNDERSTAND

THE THE TTRUERUE VVALUEALUE

OF OF SSOURCEOURCE RREDUCTION.EDUCTION.

Yet, when educated aboutYet, when educated aboutthe true value of source reduction,the true value of source reduction,

its value increases to nearlyits value increases to nearlythat of recycling.that of recycling.

WWHATHAT DDOESOES TTHISHIS

TTELLELL UUSS AABOUTBOUT

SSOURCEOURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION??

TTHEHE IISSUE ISSSUE IS

OONE OF NE OF

PPUBLICUBLIC EEDUCATION.DUCATION.

WWHATHAT ISIS SSOURCEOURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION??

Any activity that reduces the Any activity that reduces the amountamount

of materials or energy consumedof materials or energy consumedduring the production, distribution during the production, distribution

or disposalor disposalof products and packages.of products and packages.

IINN P PLAINLAIN EENGLISHNGLISH::

Use Less Use Less StuffStuff..

WWHYHY D DOO W WEE N NEED TO EED TO

TTHINKHINK AABOUTBOUT U USINGSING L LESS?ESS?

1.1.We're throwing away too We're throwing away too much much

stuff and what we do throw stuff and what we do throw away away

doesn't just go away.doesn't just go away.

MMUNICIPALUNICIPAL S SOLIDOLID W WASTEASTE MMANAGEMENTANAGEMENT

1960 - 19951960 - 1995

Source: Franklin Associates for the EPA

Recycling,yard trimmings composting

Combustion

Landfill, other

Ton, millions

WWHYHY D DOO W WEE N NEED TO EED TO

TTHINKHINK AABOUTBOUT U USINGSING L LESS?ESS?

1.1.We're throwing away too We're throwing away too much much

stuff and what we do throw stuff and what we do throw away away

doesn't just go away.doesn't just go away.

2.2.Recycling is working, but Recycling is working, but cancan

only do so much.only do so much.

RRECYCLINGECYCLING RRATESATES

19961996 MaximumMaximum

(%) (%) Practical Practical (%)(%)

Corrugated BoxesCorrugated Boxes 7373 7575 Yard Wastes Yard Wastes 3030 5050 Glass Bottles & Jars Glass Bottles & Jars 3131 4040 Office Paper Office Paper 3131 5050 Steel Cans Steel Cans 5858 6565 Aluminum Cans Aluminum Cans 6363 7575 Plastic Bottles Plastic Bottles 2525 3838

All WasteAll Waste 2727 3333Source: Porter & Associates

WWHYHY D DOO W WEE N NEED TO EED TO

TTHINKHINK AABOUTBOUT U USINGSING L LESS?ESS?

1.1.We're throwing away too We're throwing away too much much

stuff and what we do throw stuff and what we do throw away away

doesn't just go away.doesn't just go away.

2.2.Recycling is working, but can Recycling is working, but can only only

do so much.do so much.

3.3.We're generating more We're generating more waste, waste,

especially paper, than we can especially paper, than we can recycle.recycle.

GGROWTH OFROWTH OF D DISCARDSISCARDS 1972-19871972-1987

Source: Franklin AssociatesSource: Franklin Associates

200%

100%

0%

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• •  • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

OfficePaper

Books,Magazines

Appliances Tires FoodPackaging

130%

84%

44%

15%7%

BBENEFITSENEFITS

OFOF S SOURCE OURCE

RREDUCTIONEDUCTION

1.1.Keeps waste from being Keeps waste from being produced inproduced in

the first place.the first place.

BBENEFITSENEFITS

OFOF S SOURCE OURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION

1.1.Keeps waste from being Keeps waste from being produced inproduced in

the first place.the first place.

2.2.Conserves material, energy Conserves material, energy andand

financial resources.financial resources.

1.1.Keeps waste from being Keeps waste from being produced inproduced in

the first place.the first place.

2.2.Conserves material, energy and Conserves material, energy and financial resources.financial resources.

3.3.Reduces pollution and Reduces pollution and greenhouse gases.greenhouse gases.

BBENEFITSENEFITS

OFOF S SOURCE OURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION

AADVANTAGESDVANTAGESOFOF S SOURCE OURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION

1.1.A little does a A little does a lot.lot.

Source Reduction: Source Reduction: 1717 grams or 25% grams or 25%

TTHEHE SSOURCEOURCE RREDUCINGEDUCING

CCAPABILITIESAPABILITIES OF OF PPLASTICSLASTICS

PETPET

2 Liter2 LiterSoda BottlesSoda Bottles

6868GramsGrams

19771977

5151GramsGrams

19901990

BIG BIG DEAL!?DEAL!?

It is a big deal when It is a big deal when one considers that one considers that there are about 7 there are about 7

billion 2 liter bottles billion 2 liter bottles sold each year.sold each year.

Source Reduction Source Reduction EliminatedEliminated

262,000,000 262,000,000 Lbs.Lbs.

of PET per Year for thisof PET per Year for thisOne ApplicationOne Application

1.1.A little does a A little does a lot.lot. 2.2.It’s market It’s market driven.driven.

AADVANTAGESDVANTAGESOFOF S SOURCE OURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION

12 12 OZ. OZ. AALUMINUMLUMINUM C CANSANS

2-15/16”2-15/16”(15.3 (15.3

grams)grams)

2-1/8”2-1/8”(14.3 (14.3

grams)grams)

12 12 OZ. OZ. AALUMINUMLUMINUM C CANSANS

(15.3 grams)(15.3 grams) (14.3 grams)(14.3 grams)

Yearly Source Reduction EqualsYearly Source Reduction Equals1.0 grams x 100 billion cans = ~ 1.0 grams x 100 billion cans = ~

220,000,000 lbs.220,000,000 lbs.

1.0 1.0 gramgramsourcesourcereductioreductionn

1.1.A little does a lot.A little does a lot. 2.2.It’s market driven.It’s market driven. 3.3.It’s always a good It’s always a good idea.idea.

AADVANTAGESDVANTAGESOFOF S SOURCE OURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION

RRECYCLINGECYCLING VS. VS. SSOURCEOURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION

RecyclingRecycling Source ReductionSource Reduction

Recycle office paper.Recycle office paper. Photocopy on both sides,Photocopy on both sides,use E-Mail and Voice Mail.use E-Mail and Voice Mail.

Put clippings curbsidePut clippings curbside Compost your yard wastes.Compost your yard wastes.for collection.for collection.

Recycle cans, jars, bottles. Recycle cans, jars, bottles. Buy Buy concentrates or larger sizes.concentrates or larger sizes.

Drive to work, recycleDrive to work, recycle Take the bus, train or Take the bus, train or carpool.carpool.tires and batteries.tires and batteries.

Have your own mag. subs., Have your own mag. subs., Share with Share with office mates.office mates.recycle (maybe).recycle (maybe).

DDEODORANEODORAN

TT

TTOOTHPASTEOOTHPASTE

30-60% less 30-60% less packagingpackaging

SSOFT OFT

DDRINKSRINKS

Weight ofWeight ofOuter Package:Outer Package: 3.2 oz.3.2 oz. 0.24 oz.0.24 oz.

92% Less92% LessPackagingPackaging

CCOLDOLD C CEREALEREAL

82% 82% CerealCereal18% 18%

PackagePackage

98% 98% CerealCereal

2% 2% PackagePackage

CCEREAL EREAL RREDUCTIONEDUCTION P POTENTIALOTENTIAL

Switching from box & bag to bag only equals about a 3 Switching from box & bag to bag only equals about a 3 oz. reduction.oz. reduction. If all the roughly 60,000,000 boxes of If all the roughly 60,000,000 boxes of

Froot Loops sold each year switched to Froot Loops sold each year switched to just a bag -just a bag -

The material savings would equal The material savings would equal approximatelyapproximately

11,250,000 Pounds 11,250,000 Pounds Saved.Saved.

CCEREAL EREAL RREDUCTIONEDUCTION P POTENTIALOTENTIAL

Switching from box & bag to bag only equals about a 3 Switching from box & bag to bag only equals about a 3 oz. reduction.oz. reduction. If all the roughly 2.8 Billion boxes of If all the roughly 2.8 Billion boxes of

cereal sold each year switched to just a cereal sold each year switched to just a bag -bag -

The material savings would equal The material savings would equal approximatelyapproximately

500,000,000 Pounds 500,000,000 Pounds Saved.Saved.

TTHINK HINK FFLEXIBLELEXIBLE

4747 % Package% Package 4 % Package 4 % Package 53 % Peanuts 53 % Peanuts 96 % Peanuts96 % Peanuts

PPEANUT EANUT

BBUTTERUTTER

PPEANUTEANUT B BUTTER (18 UTTER (18

oz.)oz.)

Weight of the jar:Weight of the jar: 10.2 oz.10.2 oz.1.7 oz.1.7 oz.

% of total weight% of total weightthat’s product:that’s product: 64% 64% 91%91%

Shipping andShipping andenergy comparison:energy comparison:

CCOFFEOFFE

EE

CCOFFEOFFE

EE

Needed to holdNeeded to hold65 lbs. of coffee:65 lbs. of coffee:20 lbs.20 lbs. 3 3 lbs.lbs. Recycled:Recycled: –11 lbs.–11 lbs. – 0 – 0 lbs.lbs. To landfills:To landfills: 9 lbs.9 lbs. 3 3 lbs.lbs.

JJUICEUICE

JJUICEUICE

Packaging needed to holdPackaging needed to hold1,000 gals.1,000 gals. 3,765 lbs.3,765 lbs. 524 524 lbs.lbs. % of total weight that’s product: 70%% of total weight that’s product: 70%

96% 96% Amount landfilled when 30%Amount landfilled when 30%of glass is recycled:of glass is recycled: 2,635 lbs.2,635 lbs. 524 524 lbs.lbs. RatioRatio 5 : 5 : 1 1

WWHICH HICH

BBAG?AG?

Height of 1000 bags:Height of 1000 bags: 46" 46" 4" 4"

Weight of 1000 bags:Weight of 1000 bags: 140 lbs.140 lbs. 16 lbs.16 lbs.

Shipping andShipping andenergy comparison:energy comparison:

WWHICHHICH B BAG?AG?

WWHATEVER HATEVER YYOU OU CCHOOSE,HOOSE,

MMAKEAKE S SUREURE Y YOUOU R REUSEEUSE!!

ClotClothh

PlasticPlastic PaperPaper

WWHAT’SHAT’S TTHEHE DDIFFERENCEIFFERENCE??

WWHAT’S HAT’S TTHE HE

DDIFFERENCEIFFERENCE??

Estimated MPGEstimated MPG 20 20 23 23 Life of CarLife of Car 100,000 mi100,000 mi 100,000 100,000 mimi Gasoline UsedGasoline Used 5,000 gal 5,000 gal 4,350 4,350 galgal SavingsSavings – – 650 gal; 650 gal; $715$715

1/2 1/2 lb.lb.

70 lbs.70 lbs.

SSMART MART

TTHINKINGHINKING

WWHYHY D DOO W WEE

SSOURCEOURCE R REDUCE?EDUCE?

RREUSE?EUSE?

RRECYCLE?ECYCLE?

WWEE R REDUCE,EDUCE, R REUSE, EUSE,

ANDAND RRECYCLE TOECYCLE TO

CCONSERVEONSERVE

RRESOURCEESOURCE

SS!!

BBENEN & J & JERRY'SERRY'S P PEACEEACE PPOPSOPS

82% Source 82% Source ReductionReduction

Ben & Jerry’s simple change from a box to a plastic Ben & Jerry’s simple change from a box to a plastic bag for bag for

the 11 million PEACE POPS they sell each year:the 11 million PEACE POPS they sell each year:

From A Life Cycle Perspective*From A Life Cycle Perspective* (Raw Material Extraction, Manufacture, Shipping, Disposal, etc.)(Raw Material Extraction, Manufacture, Shipping, Disposal, etc.)

The Change from the box to the bag SAVES:The Change from the box to the bag SAVES:

EnergyEnergy 6.7 billion Btu's or 1,175 barrels of Oil.6.7 billion Btu's or 1,175 barrels of Oil.

Air EmissionsAir Emissions 16,105 pounds16,105 pounds

Water EmissionsWater Emissions 11,768 pounds11,768 pounds

Solid WasteSolid Waste 165 tons of packaging and 165 tons of packaging and 55 tons of other waste from the life cycle.55 tons of other waste from the life cycle.

*Bousted Model*Bousted Model

RREDUCEEDUCE RREUSEEUSE RRECYCLEECYCLE

PPOUNDS OF OUNDS OF PackagingPackagingPER PER 1,000 L1,000 LOADSOADS

1.7 lbs. 1.7 lbs. 7.6 lbs. 7.6 lbs. 14.9 lbs. 14.9 lbs.

Source: Packaging Efficiency Study, ULS Report

11.2 lbs. 11.2 lbs.

LLIFE IFE CCYCLE YCLE EENERGY OFNERGY OF

TTIDE IDE PPACKAGING PER ACKAGING PER 1,000 L1,000 LOADSOADS

Total % % Recycle Total 100% lbs. Virgin Content LCA Btu’s Recycled

Refill BagRefill Bag 1.7 1.7 75 75 25 25 61,850 61,850 – –

Refill BottleRefill Bottle 7.6 7.6 52 52 48 48 228,100228,100 125,400125,400

50 oz. Bottle50 oz. Bottle 14.914.9 57 57 43 43 475,350475,350 245,850245,850

200 oz. Bottle200 oz. Bottle 11.211.2 77 77 23 23 409,000409,000 184,800184,800

Source: Bousted Database and ULS Packaging Efficiency Study

LLIFE IFE CCYCLE YCLE EENERGY NERGY WWITH ITH

BBOTTLES OTTLES RRECYCLED AT ECYCLED AT 100%100%

Source: Bousted Database and ULS Packaging Efficiency Study

250250

200200

150150

100100

5050

00RefillRefillBagBag

RefillRefillBottleBottle

50 oz.50 oz.BottleBottle

LifeLifeCycleCycleEnergyEnergy(1,000 (1,000 Btu’s)Btu’s) 61.8

125.4

245.8

184.8

200 oz.200 oz.BottleBottle

WWHAT’S HAT’S TTHE HE PPOINTOINT

It’s impossible toIt’s impossible to

recycle enough bottles to be as recycle enough bottles to be as

resource efficient as the bag!resource efficient as the bag!

TTHINK HINK CCONCENTRATESONCENTRATES

TTHINK HINK BBULKULK

200 oz. size

TTHINK HINK RREFILLSEFILLS

TTHINK HINK

FFLEXIBLELEXIBLE

CCONCLUSIONS ABOUTONCLUSIONS ABOUT

SSOURCE OURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION

1.1. Highly effective way to conserve.Highly effective way to conserve.

CCONCLUSIONS ABOUTONCLUSIONS ABOUT

SSOURCE OURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION

1.1. Highly effective way to conserve.Highly effective way to conserve.

2.2. Complements, but does not replace,Complements, but does not replace,the need to recycle.the need to recycle.

CCONCLUSIONS ABOUTONCLUSIONS ABOUT

SSOURCE OURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION

1.1. Highly effective way to conserve.Highly effective way to conserve.

2.2. Complements, but does not replace,Complements, but does not replace,the need to recycle.the need to recycle.

3.3. Produces some surprising decisionsProduces some surprising decisionsabout product and package choices.about product and package choices.

RREDUCE, EDUCE, RREUSEEUSE ANDAND R RECYCLEECYCLE

•• We’ve all heard the phrase.We’ve all heard the phrase.

•• Now let’s make sure everyoneNow let’s make sure everyoneunderstands the value ofunderstands the value of

REDUCE!REDUCE!

FFANTASTIK ANTASTIK

SSAVINGSAVINGS

60% less material60% less material 30% less $30% less $

MMUSTARUSTAR

DD

WeightWeight WeightWeight (oz.)(oz.) %% (oz.) (oz.) %%

MustardMustard 9.09.0 3636 8.08.0 1414 PackagePackage 5.05.0 5454 1.31.3 8686 14.014.0 100 100 9.39.3 100100 71% less packaging71% less packaging per ounce of per ounce of productproduct

SSOAOA

PP

WeightWeight WeightWeight (oz.)(oz.) %% (oz.) (oz.) %%

SoapSoap 4.84.8 9191 4.04.0 9898 PackagePackage 0.40.4 9 9 0.10.1 2 2 5.25.2 100 100 4.14.1 100100 85% less packaging85% less packaging

SSHAVING HAVING

CCREAMREAM

WeightWeight WeightWeight (oz.)(oz.) %% (oz.) (oz.) %%

Shaving CreamShaving Cream6.36.3 6060 5.05.0 8080 PackagePackage 2.82.8 3131 1.31.3 2020 9.19.1 100 100 6.36.3 100 100 43% less packaging43% less packaging per ounce of per ounce of productproduct

BBANDAGEANDAGESS

40 Count40 Count

Weight ofWeight of Package: Package: 1.4 oz.1.4 oz. 0.3 oz.0.3 oz.

79% Less79% LessPackagingPackaging

PPACKAGING ACKAGING CCOMPARISON FOROMPARISON FOR

DDELIVERING ELIVERING SSALAD ALAD DDRESSINGRESSINGWeight per

Weight of 1000 gal.Recycling Amount Package of liquid Rate Landfilled % Product/

(oz) (lbs) (%) (lbs) INDEX* % Package

16 oz Glass Bottle16 oz Glass Bottle 13.4 13.4 670 670 25 25 503 503 15.24 15.24 55/4555/45

16 oz Pete Bottle16 oz Pete Bottle 1.81.8 9090 55 8686 2.612.61 90/1090/10

8 Single Serve8 Single Serve2 oz Packets2 oz Packets (Laminated Foil) (Laminated Foil) 0.70.7 3333 00 3333 1.001.00 96/4 96/4

*Weight comparison of materials being landfilled versus most efficient container.*Weight comparison of materials being landfilled versus most efficient container.

Source: The Cygnus Group, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1994. Recycling data from Peter & Associates and R.W. Beck & Associates

PPACKAGING ACKAGING CCOMPARISON FOROMPARISON FOR

DDELIVERING ELIVERING JJUICEUICEWeight per

Weight of 1000 gal. Recycling Amount Package of liquid Rate Landfilled % Product/

(oz) (lbs) (%) (lbs) % Package

Standard ContainersStandard ContainersGlass (64 fl oz)Glass (64 fl oz) 27.7 27.7 3,463 3,463 2525 2,597 2,597 71/2971/29Steel (46 fl oz)Steel (46 fl oz) 5.85.8 1,009 1,009 3535 656656 89/1189/11PET (64 fl oz)PET (64 fl oz) 3.13.1 388388 5 5 369369 95/5 95/5 Paperboard (64 fl oz)Paperboard (64 fl oz) 2.72.7 338338 0 0 338338 96/4 96/4 HDPE (64 fl oz)HDPE (64 fl oz) 1.71.7 213213 2424 162162 98/298/2

ConcentratesConcentratesFrozen ConcentrateFrozen Concentrate 1.1 1.1 183183 00 183183 98/2 98/2 (12 fl oz makes 48 fl oz) (12 fl oz makes 48 fl oz)Concentrate in Juice BoxConcentrate in Juice Box0.60.6 98 98 11 97 97 99/199/1 (9.6 fl oz makes 48 fl oz)(9.6 fl oz makes 48 fl oz) Source: The Cygnus Group, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1994. Recycling data from Peter & Associates and R.W. Beck & Associates