Roof

ROOFPREPARED BY: GROUP 4BSA-2B

ARCHITECTURAL TROPICAL DESIGN 1

Republic of the PhilippinesTECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTSAyala Boulevard cor. San Marcelino St., Ermita Manila

WHAT IS THE ROOF?

Roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a building. A roof protects the building and its contents from the effects of weather.

In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. Depending upon the nature of the building, the roof also protect against heat, against sunlight, against cold and against wind.

A residential building in the tropics is designed with steep roof pitch and wide eaves to keep out the rain.

TYPES OF ROOFAPPROPRIATE HERE IN THE PHILIPPINES

Pitch Roof Green Roof Gable Hip Shed Dutch Hip Gambrel Winged

PITCH ROOF

The pitch roof can be appropriate and also inappropriate. In our tropical country the steeper the roof the better.

GREEN ROOF

GREEN ROOF

Also known as vegetated roof covers, eco-roofs or nature roofs. water quality by filtering, absorbing or detaining rainfall. Green Roofs are great for the environment.

Urban greening has long been promoted as an easy and effective strategy for beautifying the built environment and increasing investment opportunity.

GABLE

A gable roof consists of two shed roof structures joined at the peak forming a ridge line.

A very popular type of roof. It is easy to build, sheds water well, provides for ventilation, and can be applied to most house designs.

GABLE

HIP

A hip roof is a gable roof with angled ends taking the place of the gable end of the structure.

Slightly more difficult to build than a gable roof. It is a popular choice, but does not provide for ventilation as well as some designs.

This type of roofing is best for hurricane-prone areas. And also can take strong winds.

HIP

SHED

A shed roof is basically a flat roof with a slightly greater angle allowing for greater runoff. They are relatively easy to build and inexpensive as compared to most other roof types. They are usually used on home extension rooms and porches.

It is frequently used for additions or with other roof styles.

SHED

A Dutch roof design is a hip roof with small gable ends at the ridge allowing for attic ventilation.

DUTCH HIP

The roof built as a Dutch roof has the advantage of a smaller gable end and this can be used for extra ventilation through the use of a window or louvered vent. Yet sometimes it is used as an architectural element alone.

GAMBREL

Gambrel roof design is similar to gable construction With two angles on each side. Steep lower surfaces and shallow angle top surfaces allow greater floor space in 1 ½ story construction.

The gambrel roof is sometimes called a barn roof because it has been used extensively on barns. It provides additional headroom in the attic.

GAMBREL

The winged gable is essentially a gable roof, extended at the peak.

A long eaves can be hazardous due to strong winds.

WINGED

TYPES OF ROOFINAPPROPRIATE HERE IN THE PHILIPPINES

Flat Roof Mansard Butterfly A-Framed Folded Plate Curved Panel

FLAT ROOF

Flat roofs have traditionally been used in hot climates where water accumulation is not a problem. But since Philippines has a rainy season using flat roof can give problems.

A flat roof is not truly flat but angled slightly to allow for water runoff. It is the cheapest to build initially but will cost you much more than other roof types in maintenance costs.

Water pool formed due to poor workmanship. Can cause leaking.

FLAT ROOF

MANSARD

Mansard roof construction consists of a compound hip roof design with a lower and upper hip format.

The mansard roof is a French design and is more difficult to construct than the hip or gable roof.

The mansard’s upper roof may accumulate water and form deterioration and possibly the roof may collapse due to strong winds and strong rainwater fall, a maintenance cost that may offset the economical cost of the Mansard roof construction.

BUTTERFLY

The butterfly roof is an inverted gable roof design creating a central valley for runoff. The design is visually stunning but impractical for water tightness.

The butterfly roof is not widely used. It provides plenty of light and ventilation, but drainage is a problem.

A butterfly roof can be advantageous when a cistern is added.

BUTTERFLY

The A-frame roof provides a roof and walls for the structure. Is popular for cottages, homes, churches, and other structures.

A-FRAMED

Can be advantageous because it can block sunlight. But it can be disadvantageous because it can trap heat depending on the roof material used and orientation of the structure.

The folded plate roof has limited use in single-family homes. Modular, prefabricated roof units are available.

FOLDED PLATE

The curved panel roof is similar to the folded plate roof in style and application. It is available in prefabricated modules.

CURVED PANEL

Folded plate and curved plate can cause drainage problems.

ROOFING MATERIALS

Roofing material is the outermost layer on the roof of a building, sometimes self-supporting, but generally supported by an underlying structure. A building's roofing material provides shelter from the natural elements, and insulation against heat and cold. The outer layer of a roof shows great variation dependent upon availability of material, and the nature of the supporting structure.

Thatch - roofing made of plant stalks in overlapping layers. Wheat straw - Widely

used in England, France and other parts of Europe.

Seagrass – Has a longer life that straw.

Rye straw – Most commonly used in Europe.

ROOFING MATERIALS

ROOFING MATERIALS

Shingles - the generic term for a roofing material that is in many overlapping sections, regardless of the nature of the material. Red Cedar - Life expectancy is up

to 30 years. High cost. Hardwood – Very durable

roofing found in Colonial Australian architecture.

Slate - High cost with a life expectancy of up to 200 years.

Stone Slab - Stone slabs require a very heavyweight roof structure, but their weight makes them stormproof. An obsolete roofing material, now used commercially only for building restoration.

ROOFING MATERIALS

Ceramic tile - High cost, life of more than 100 years. Imbrex and tegula - style dating

back to ancient Greece and Rome.

Monk and Nun - a style similar to Imbrex and tegula, but basically using two Imbrex tiles.

ROOFING MATERIALS

Copper Sheet - Sheet copper used as roofing is lighter than wooden shingles and much lighter than slate, tile, or lead.

Metal shakes or shingles - Long life. High cost, suitable for roofs of 3/12 pitch or greater. Because of the flexibility of metal, they can be manufactured to lock together, giving durability and reducing assembly time.

ROOFING MATERIALS

Mechanically seamed metal - Long life. High cost, suitable for roofs of low pitch such as 0.5/12 to 3/12 pitch.

Concrete - usually reinforced with fibers of some sort.

Asphalt shingle - Cheaper than slate or tiles. Various life span expectancies

ROOFING MATERIALS

Asphalt laminate shingles - are beginning to replace traditional asphalt shingles. Laminates are thicker, heavier, more wind resistant, and appear three-dimensional.

Asbestos shingles - Very long lifespan, fireproof and low cost but now rarely used because of health concerns.

ROOFING MATERIALS

Membrane roofing - Membrane roofing is in large sheets, generally fused in some way at the joints to form a continuous surface. Thermoset membrane (e.g. EPDM

rubber) - Primary application is big box store with large open areas

Thermoplastic (e.g. PVC, TPO, CSPE) - Lends itself well to both big box and small roof application because of its hot air weld ability.

ROOFING MATERIALS

Modified bitumen – heat-welded, asphalt-adhered or installed with adhesive. Lends itself well to most applications.

Built-up roof – Typically covered with a thick coat of the water-proofing material and covered with gravel. The gravel provides protection from ultra-violet degradation, stabilizes the temperature changes, protects surface of the roof and increases the weight of the roof system to resist wind blow-off.

ROOFING MATERIALS

Metal roofing Galvanized steel - frequently

manufactured with wavy corrugations to resist lateral flexing and fitted with exposed fasteners. Widely used for low cost and durability.

Copper roofs - can last for hundreds of years. They offer durability, ease of, fabrication, low maintenance corrosion resistance, low thermal movement, lightning protection, radio frequency shielding, low lifetime costs, and are 100% recyclable. 

ROOFING MATERIALS

When the bottom chord of the truss extends beyond the exterior wall, additional insulation may be added.

ROOF INSULATION

ROOF INSULATION

ROOF INSULATION MATERIALS

Wood fiber –

Perlite -

Polyisocyanurate –

Expanded Polystyrene -

ROOF INSULATION MATERIALS

Extruded Polystyrene –

Cellular Glass -

Gypsum Board

SOURCES:

www.slideshare.com www.wikipedia.com http://www.greenroofs.org/index.php/about/gre

enroofbenefits http://www.whatprice.co.uk/building/building-ro

ofing.html http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photography

-roof-insulation-image15385082 http://www.ehow.com/list_6048978_gambrel-ro

of-advantages.html

SOURCES:

http://business.inquirer.net/3862/the-pros-and-cons-of-roofing-materials

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roofing_materials https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=roofing+i

nsulation+philippines&espv=210&es_sm=93&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=hd0mU-PcKozloASC8oLYAw&ved=0CDsQsAQ#q=roofing+philippines&tbm=isch